回流比对A/O工艺处理混合化工废水的影响

考核了生产运行中回流比对A/O工艺处理化工混合废水的除碳和脱氮效果的影响;推导了含二沉池出水SS和进水中含NOX-N的脱氮效率的污泥回流比计算公式;分析了影响脱氮效率的决定因素,为生产运行和管理提供了科学依据。     

A/O2工艺处理焦化废水

介绍了焦化废水A/O2生物处理工艺的流程和开工调试中污泥培养驯化的方法,并讨论了影响硝化和反硝化工艺的因素及实际运行中控制的参数。     

A/O工艺处理焦化废水的工程实践

采用以A/O法为主的工艺处理焦化废水,运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果良好,二沉池出水中主要污染物指标达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的二级标准,经深度处理后出水中主要污染物指标达到GB8978-1996中的一级标准。     

A/O+A/O工艺在处理高浓度焦化废水方面的工程应用

为了实现节水减排、一水多用的清洁生产目标,同时要满足废水处理后能够达标排放,解决焦化废水处理的难题,本研究采用两级A/O来处理焦化废水,本文对其工艺流程做了详细介绍,同时就其各阶段处理效率进行了简要分析,最终使其达到废水排放标准。     

A/O工艺在处理造纸厂废水的应用

以云南某造纸厂的废水处理为例,介绍了A/O的工艺流程,原理特点。结果表明,处理后的废水COD达到44mg/L,BOD5达到60mg/L,SS达到30mg/L,色度达到20倍,以上指标均达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008),该废水为达标排放。     

O/A/O工艺处理规模化畜禽养殖废水工程改造案例分析

通过对某生猪生产基地原有废水治理工程进行工艺改造,用"O/A/O法+连续循环曝气系统工艺"的新组合工艺取代原有工艺,使高浓度畜禽养殖废水处理设施中COD的去除率达96.7%、氨氮的去除率达84.4%、SS的去除率达98.1%,且该工艺运行成本仅为每吨废水2.09元,在国内典型畜禽养殖废水处理设施中处较低水平。     

生物强化A/O工艺处理焦化废水运行参数研究

实验进水中COD、苯酚、氨氮的初始浓度分别为400、400、200 mg/l,当优势菌混合比(即高效酚降解菌:高效氨氮降解菌)为1∶2,采用一次性投加的方式时,考察了生物强化A/O工艺运行参数对焦化废水处理效果的影响:水力停留时间为35 h,优势菌种固定化小球投加比1∶10(V小球∶V反应器体积),外回流比为300％,曝气量为35 ml/min,曝气方式采用微孔曝气的方法时焦化废水中各污染物的去除率最高,水力停留时间从常规A/O工艺的70 h缩短到35 h,出水达标.     

A/O工艺处理高盐混合化工废水的启动研究

采用A/O(水解酸化+生物接触氧化)工艺接种生活污水处理厂普通活性污泥,研究生物膜法处理高盐混合化工废水的启动过程及处理效果。结果表明,采用分段连续挂膜法,3周即可快速完成挂膜;采用分阶段逐步加压驯化法,第一阶段以难降解物质为选择压力,进水COD浓度1 500 mg/L时,系统出水COD为50 mg/L左右,COD平均去除率95%,A池VFA平均增长率259.4%,酸化率26.8%;第二阶段以盐分为选择压力,含盐量14 g/L时,出水COD浓度保持在220~269 mg/L,COD平均去除率83%,A池VFA平均增长率231.9%,酸化率19.9%;整体驯化完成后,生物膜活性良好,胞外多聚糖浓度为5.4 mg/g MLSS,脱氢酶活性为3.1μg TF/(m L·h);通过扫描电镜观察,A池生物膜以长短不一的杆状菌为主并伴有少量球菌,O池中丝状菌、各种杆菌、球菌以及胞外聚合物在填料表面形成致密的生物膜。     

A/O工艺在高氨氮废水中的应用

介绍了采用A/O工艺处理高氨氮废水的工程实例。通过近一个月的调试,出水氨氮均在5 mg/L以下,COD在50 mg/L以下;该工艺耐冲击,且处理效果稳定,处理后的出水各项指标均达到了《合成氨工业水污染物最高允许排放限值》（GB 13458-2001）的要求。     

微电解/A/O工艺处理浆纱废水的试验研究

研究采用微电解/A/O工艺处理浆纱废水。试验结果表明:经过微电解处理后的废水可生化性得到明显改善;经过系统处理后,出水COD和BOD5浓度分别为126 mg/L和42 mg/L,COD和BOD5的总去除率分别达到94.5%和73.8%,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

A/O生物法处理石化废水的研究

为了处理水质组成复杂,毒性大、有机物浓度较高的石化废水,采用先厌氧后好氧（即A/O生物法）的处理方法。研究结果表明,石化废水经厌氧处理后,其好氧可生化性提高20％～40％;当厌氧反应器进水有机负荷为5.2kgCOD/m³·d,水力停留时间为24h时,BOD5去除率为85％,COD去除率为83％,油去除率为91.1％;当曝气池污泥负荷为0.45kgCOD/kgMLSS·d,水力停留时间为4h时,BOD₅去除率为94.1％,COD去除率为92.7％,油去除率为96.3％。系统COD总去除率为85％～96％,BOD₅总去除率为95％～99％。A/O生物法为石化废水处理提供了理论依据。     

Analysis of organic compounds in coal gasification wastewater

A procedure for analysis of organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater was developed, including a series extraction steps at different pH, followed by LC separation or resin adsorption, then analyzed by GC or GC/MS. More than 200 organic pollutants in 22 categories were determined. CH2CL2 extraction at NaHCO3 presence was used to separate carboxylic acids with phenolic compounds in aqueous. Derivatization with acetic anhydride was used for analyses of mono-, di-, poly-hydroxyl phenolic compounds. 21 mono-hydroxyl phenols and 13 di-hydroxyl phenols were determined from the coai gasification wastewater samples. Derivatization with BF3-CH3OH was used for analysis of carboxylic acid. 17 mono-carboxyl, 4 di-carboxyl acids and 6 aromatic acids were determined from coal gasification wastewater samples.     

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.     

升级A/O工艺污水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因的分布与去除研究

针对北方某采用升级A/O工艺的生活污水处理厂,使用实时荧光定量PCR技术,探究污水厂中ARGs的分布及各处理工艺段对ARGs的去除效果.结果表明:四环素抗性基因(tetA、tetC和tetM)、磺胺抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、大环内酯抗性基因(ermA和ermF)和喹诺酮抗性基因(parC和gyrA)在污水和污泥中均被检出.污水厂进水中ARGs的绝对丰度为2.65×10³～1.01×10⁶ copies·mL^-1,升级A/O工艺未能有效削减ARGs,出水中ARGs的绝对丰度为9.22×10³～1.15×10⁶ copies·mL^-1,污泥中ARGs的绝对丰度为8.07×10⁷～2.65×10¹¹ copies·g^-1.深度处理工艺对ARGs的去除效率对比结果显示,生物活性炭工艺对ARGs的削减效果优于紫外消毒.     

曝气生物流化床(ABFB)处理煤气化废水的研究

介绍一种曝气生物流化床的基本原理及特点,制作了总有效容积为1.5m³的曝气生物流化床(ABFB)中试设备,流化介质为合成高分子多孔材料,其物理性能为:持水量25倍、比表面积≥200m²/g、含氮量6.72%,载体带有-NH₂、-COOH、-OH、环氧基等活性基团可与微生物结合而固定化微生物,载体中生物量平均为28g/L(H₂O),故具有很高的处理效率.对平均值为COD 3450mg/L、NH₄⁺-N 451mg/L、挥发酚为177 mg/L的煤气化废水,经过ABFB处理后,其处理水中COD 57.7mg/L、NH₄⁺-N 0.285mg/L、挥发酚0.434mg/L,其运行效果优于曝气生物滤池(BAF)、接触氧化、活性炭流化床.ABFB具有运行稳定、抗冲击负荷强的特点,是一种先进的水处理技术.     

A/O生物膜法强化处理石化废水及生物膜种群结构研究

采用A/O生物膜反应器处理石化综合废水.反应器在O段添加装有改性聚氨酯泡沫的多孔塑料球载体,强化有机物的降解效率.反应器进水分别为水解酸化池出水(阶段I),石化工业废水与生活污水比例为3:1(阶段II)以及单纯的石化工业废水(阶段III). 结果表明,尽管进水COD和氨氮波动较大,但出水COD和氨氮的去除率保持稳定,说明生物膜反应器具有较好的抗冲击负荷能力.在HRT为30h, COD和氨氮的去除率为74%~77%和96%~93%,总氮和总磷的去除率为58%和79%.第II阶段进水为工业废水和生活污水混合的处理效果最好,出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为(63±12)mg/L和(0.75±0.28)mg/L.出水总氮主要为硝酸氮,亚硝酸氮的浓度很低(小于0.1mg/L),表明硝化作用进行得较为完全.进水中有机物的分子量主要分布在小于1kDa(70.9%)和大于100kDa(10.4%).出水中大于10kDa的有机物所占比例减小,分子量主要分布在小于1kDa(56.6%)和1~5kDa(26.2%),表明A/O生物膜反应器对大分子有机物的降解较好.454高通量测序结果表明: 生物膜中变形菌门菌群所占比例最大(60.0%),其次是浮霉菌门(16.9%)和拟杆菌门(9.8%).在属的水平检测到氨氧化菌(AOB)Nitrosomonas和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB) Nitrospiraceae Nitrospira以及反硝化菌Azospira和Thermomonas.NOB的比例较高,这与反应器较好的硝化作用相一致.     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

A／O工艺处理石油化工废水试验研究

本文介绍了采用Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合处理高浓度的炼油、化工混合废水中试情况，试验结果表明；Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合具有抗冲击性能好，产泥量少，在一定条件下，出水各项指标达标排放，还就填料选择、含氮化合物的消化反应、污泥生物相和各池工艺参数相互关系进行了讨论。     

生物膜A/O法处理PTA废水的试验研究

在含两级Ａ／Ｏ和生物炭的连续运行试验装置上处理ＰＴＡ废水,结果表明：进水ＣＯＤｃｒ为１１０１ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ为４０ｈ,Ｏ２段和生物炭出水中残余ＣＯＤｃｒ分别为８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５５ｍｇ／Ｌ,相应ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率分别为９２％和９５％;进水ＣＯＤｃｒ为１１１２ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ为３２ｈ,Ｏ２段和生物炭出水中残余ＣＯＤｃｒ分别为８６ｍｇ／Ｌ和６４ｍｇ／Ｌ,其去除率分别为９２％和９５％;在上述试验条件下刀;段ＴＡ去除率均为９３％。     

低溶氧 A／O 磁生化法污水处理新工艺中试研究

采用改良型的A2／O工艺试验装置进行试验,在水力停留时间为12 h、溶解氧浓度为0．5～0．8 mg／L的条件下,考察了投加改性的磁性药剂前后进、出水各污染物的变化情况。结果表明,投加改性的磁性药剂前后, COD、NH 3－N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为68％与81％、55％与80％、51％与69％、44％与70％,较投加改性的磁性药剂前,去除率分别提高了19％、45％、35％、59％。中试结果证明,该改性的磁性药剂可以提高反应池对上述污染物的去除效果,应用前景较好。