垃圾填埋场稳定化研究（I）

通过填埋场的实验室规律的模拟实验，研究了负温和低温条件下城市生活垃圾的降解行为。经８个月的降解，发现含水率，污泥的加入以及高温均有利于垃圾降解，菜类垃圾的降解率为５０％以上；而含水率６０％的混合垃圾，降解率２０％以下。测定单位垃圾产生的气体和浸取液量以及浸取液的化学耗量量、含水率和无机残渣。讨论了本工作在寒区填埋场工艺设计的实践意义。     

长春市简易垃圾填埋场中垃圾特性研究

从长春市一个封场垃圾填埋场中系统采集了不同填埋年龄(8~12年和25~30年)和不同位置(上层和下层)的垃圾样品,并对其基本特性进行了分析。结果发现,填埋垃圾总体呈弱碱性,含水率随填埋时间的增加而减小,上层垃圾含水率低于下层垃圾;从垃圾组成、有机质和生物可降解物(BDM)来看,8~12年的填埋垃圾仍处于不稳定状态,而25~30年的垃圾基本达到稳定化,但上层和下层垃圾的降解程度无明显区别。这表明传统填埋场中垃圾稳定化至少需要几十年的时间。因此开发能够加速垃圾稳定性填埋场的生物反应器修复技术具有重要意义,填埋垃圾的特性分析则为工程设计提供了必要的基础数据。     

模拟垃圾填埋场稳定化过程研究

采用垃圾填埋堆体模拟装置，对杭州市城市生活垃圾在１９９８年２月至１９９８年１０月期间稳定化过程中的垃圾渗滤液水质指标变化、堆体内部温度变化、垃圾减量化、沉降高度和产气量进行了研究，装入模拟装置的２２１ｋｇ生活垃圾经８个月的降解后，垃圾减量化显著，总量降至１２７ｋｇ，其中有机组分由９４．８ｋｇ（４２．９％）降至２０．９３ｋｇ（１６．５％），无机组分由７２．７１ｋｇ（３２．９％）降至５３．６５ｋｇ（４     

大型垃圾填埋场表面沉降研究

研究了在上海市老港垃圾填埋场１７号填埋单元建造的２０００ｍ＾２小型卫生填埋场及表面沉降规律，结果表明，表面沉降与拉圾的压实程度有关，在填埋过程中，垃圾被充分压实后，学降就相对较小，在所监测的２．５年时间内，最大螺旋沉降大于１ｍ是垃圾填埋初始高度（４ｍ）的２５％，根据垃圾表面沉降的预测结果，讨论了老港垃圾填埋场的利用途径和可能性。     

探讨垃圾填埋场开采回用工程

介绍了垃圾填埋场开采回用的目的、稳定化条件和开采工艺,并结合盐田垃圾场清场处置工程实例,探讨了开采工艺中斜面分层作业和垃圾造堆工艺,得出结论:斜面分层作业和垃圾造堆,可以大大降低垃圾的密度,提高松散度,更有利于保障开挖作业安全。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场产气规律及污染

通过对武汉市垃圾成分的调查,分析了年气温变化对CH4 产生速率的影响,对产气速率模型进行探索性的改进,希望能应用于实践中。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场稳定化影响因素概述

全面综述了垃圾组成、垃圾水分含量、垃圾预处理与填埋操作方式、填埋场地水文气象条件、渗滤液ｐＨ值与氧化还原电位及微生物种群等填埋场稳定化的影响因素。     

大型垃圾填埋场渗滤水氨氮衰减规律

大型试验场 ((30 0 0× 4)m3 )中填入 10 80 0t垃圾 ,对试验场渗滤液氨氮质量浓度进行长达 3 5年的测定 (1— 2周测定一次 ) ,建立了填埋场渗滤液NH3 N质量浓度随时间变化的数学模型 ,并利用模型预测了上海老港填埋场渗滤液NH3 N质量浓度通过自然衰减达到排放标准所需时间 ,同时提出填埋场的规划和设计可以由传统的渗滤液及时外排处理式转变为不及时外排 ,使其在填埋场内NH3 N质量浓度大幅度自然衰减后抽出处理 ,这样可以大量节省费用 ,简化操作工艺 .     

城市生活垃圾简易堆放场稳定化周期的研究

分析了重庆市三峡库区城市垃圾简易堆放场稳定化过程的影响因素，确定有机质含量，浸出液COD，垃圾组分和垃圾产量为垃圾场稳定化程度的判别指标，并且建立稳定化评价标准，通过垃圾采样和实验研究，并进行归类统计分析，得出城市生活垃圾简易堆放场的稳定化周期。     

沈阳市赵家沟垃圾填埋场稳定化与场地回用评价

对沈阳市一个关闭2年左右的垃圾卫生填埋场的稳定化状态进行了研究。对填埋场达到稳定化状态的时间进行预测以及不同时期的稳定化程度进行评价,并提出了填埋土地的再利用方案。     

生活垃圾填埋场垃圾腐殖质组成和变化规律的表征

通过分析上海老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光密度,考察了填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光学特性随填埋龄的变化规律.研究结果表明,填埋龄在1～14 a间的填埋垃圾中腐殖质组分的有机碳绝对含量的波动幅度很大,而腐殖质组分相对含量具有比较明显的变化规律,其中腐殖质总可提取率和wHA/wFA比值分别随填埋龄增加呈线性下降和上升的趋势.另一方面,填埋垃圾腐殖质光学特性研究表明,填埋垃圾可提取腐殖质和富里酸组分的E4/E6比值随填埋龄变化无明显关系,而胡敏酸的E4/E6比值则随填埋龄的增加呈线性下降趋势.因此,填埋垃圾腐殖质的总可提取率、wHA/wFA比值以及胡敏酸组分的E4/E6比值可有效地表征填埋垃圾和填埋场的稳定化进程.     

生活垃圾填埋场陈垃圾基本特性及再利用

填埋场已填埋陈垃圾具有丰富的资源 ,我国填埋量已达几千万吨。通过对上海老港生活垃圾填埋场 6年填埋龄和 1 0年填埋龄陈垃圾基本特性的测试研究 ,揭示出填埋 6年以上的陈垃圾已具有相当稳定的性状 ,原始垃圾特征已完全消失 ,开挖后没有异味 ,在组成上除部分大颗粒无机物和大块难降解有机物外 ,其余部分已腐化为类土壤物质 ,可以开采再利用。陈垃圾中类土壤部分在物理化学性质、水力学和微生物学性质上均表现出在自然条件下难以形成的、极为优良的基质特征 ,可用作污染物生物处理基质或作物培育基质。     

Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their longterm stabilization process.In this paper,this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse.Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate.In this study,aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,biodegradable matter.The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.     

非正规填埋场矿化垃圾理化性质与资源化利用研究

为探索非正规垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾资源化利用问题,以广东省东莞市常平镇桥沥垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾为例,多点采集样品经人工分拣和不同粒径段筛分后,对其物理组成和化学性质进行了分析.结果表明:矿化垃圾中腐殖土主要在40mm粒径段以下,占47.3%,塑料、织物及木竹等可燃轻质垃圾主要在大于80mm粒径段,占40.1%;工程筛分粒径可选40mm,筛上物主要为可燃物,筛下物主要为腐殖土;按照有机肥堆肥腐熟标准,筛下物腐殖土基本可达到腐熟,营养物质含量达到《城市生活垃圾农用标准》(GB8172-1987)要求,但部分重金属含量超标;矿化垃圾经筛分后的轻质垃圾,热值约为6000kJ/kg,可直接进行焚烧处理,将其制备成垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)后,热值可达10000~24000kJ/kg.     

Effect of bio-column composed of aged refuse on methane abatement – A novel configuration of biological oxidation in refuse landfill

An experimental bio-column composed of aged refuse was installed around the exhaust pipe as a new way to mitigate methane in refuse landfill.One of the objectives of this work was to assess the effect of aged refuse thickness in bio-column on reducing CH 4 emissions.Over the study period,methane oxidation was observed at various thicknesses,5 cm (small size),10 cm (middle size) and 15 cm (large size),representing one to three times of pipeline diameters.The middle and large size both showed over 90% methane conversion,and the highest methane conversion rate of above 95% occurred in the middle-size column cell.Michaelis-Menten equation addressed the methanotrophs diffusion in different layers of the bio-columns.Maximum methanotrophic activity (V max) measured at the three thicknesses ranged from 6.4 × 10 3 to 15.6 × 10 3 units,and the half-saturation value (K M) ranged from 0.85% to 1.67%.Both the highest V max and K M were observed at the middle-size of the bio-column,as well as the largest methanotrophs population,suggesting a significant efficiency of methane mitigation happened in the optimum zone with greatest affinity and methanotrophic bacteria activities.Therefore,bio-column is a potential style for methane abatement in landfill,and the aged refuse both naturally formed and artificially placed in the column plays a critical role in CH 4 emission.     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...     

生活垃圾填埋场甲烷自然减排的新途径:厌氧与好氧的共氧化作用

采用暴雨过后垃圾填埋表层30～60 cm的覆土、表层1.5 m以下的垃圾,以及刚刚开挖出来的9年矿化垃圾进行硫酸盐还原菌阳性反应试验,结果表明生活垃圾填埋体不同填埋层都存在不同数量级的硫酸盐还原菌,且底层矿化垃圾中的硫酸盐还原菌的数量最多,表层覆土中最少.颗粒大小比例为50%:50%的垃圾样品表现出最佳的甲烷好氧与厌氧...     

Absorption of phosphorus from wastewater by aged refuse excavated from municipal solid waste landfill

Municipal solid waste(refuse) landfill stabilizes as the refuse degrades. After years of biodegradation, the refuse in the landfill ecomes stabilized and aged, which may vary with the local climate, humidity, and composition of refuse placed. In this work, it is found hat the refuse with an age of over 8 years at Shanghai Refuse Landfill has been significantly stabilized and sufficiently aged and is thus uitable for excavation. The 8-year old aged refuse is mechanically screened, and the fine fractions of refuse(aged refuse) with a diameter ess than 2 cm are then used as a biological absorbent for removal of both inorganic and organic phosphorus in livestock wastewater and repared aqueous solution. It is proved that the aged refuse is very effective for the quantitative removal of both types of phosphorus. The bsorption mechanism is proposed. It is considered that phosphorus is firstly absorbed onto the surface of the aged refuse and then used s a substrate for the growth of microorganisms which ultimately leave the aged refuse as sludge.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液诱发小鼠骨髓细胞微核效应

研究了垃圾填埋场渗滤液诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核(MN)效应.结果表明,渗滤液可诱发微核的形成,且呈明确的浓度(渗滤液COD_Cr)-效应关系.在亚急性染毒条件下,渗滤液COD_Cr为10mg/L时,可诱发微核率和微核细胞率显著高于阴性对照(n=16,P<0.001);在亚慢性染毒条件下,渗滤液COD_Cr为5mg/L时,即可诱发微核率和微核细胞率显著高于阴性对照(n=16,P<0.001).这一结果从整体水平上证明了垃圾填埋场渗滤液对哺乳动物具有遗传损伤效应,同时提示可以以小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果作为渗滤液生物监测指标.渗滤液处理时间越长,引起细胞遗传损伤所需的最低浓度越低,意味着长期接触环境低浓度渗滤液污染有引起体内细胞遗传物质损伤的潜在危险.