固定化生物活性炭纤维处理餐饮废水的研究

采用砂滤-固定化生物活性炭纤维技术处理餐饮废水,通过对油、浊度、COD、UV254四个重要指标去除率的测定评价处理效果。方法:餐饮废水经过砂滤后在中间水池中进行曝气,将曝气后的水样通过固定好微生物的生物活性炭纤维柱,测定出水指标。结果:该工艺处理后水样的浊度去除率为83%、UV254去除率为67%、COD去除率为84%,油的去除率为91%。结论:采用砂滤-固定化生物活性炭纤维技术处理餐饮废水是可行的。该工艺对废水中的浊度、COD、UV254均有很好的去除作用,出水水质比较稳定。     

O_3/Mn_2O_3对钻井废水多相催化臭氧化试验研究

通过静态试验,探讨了Mn2O3催化剂对钻井废水催化臭氧化处理效果.分别考察了催化剂加量、pH值、反应时间、反应温度和强化剂对钻井废水COD去除率的影响,通过正交试验得到了最佳工艺条件,对钻井废水氧化过程中的产物进行了分析,并探讨了Mn2O3催化剂的稳定性能.结果表明:Mn2O3加量从25 mg·L-1增加到50 mg·L-1时,COD去除率由43.6%增加到54.3%;pH分别为5、11时,COD去除率分别为45.4%和64.3%;反应温度为20℃时,COD去除率最高达到59.1%;随着反应时间的延长,COD去除率也随之增加,反应时间为40 min时,COD去除率达到85.3%;由正交试验得知影响因素的主次关系为催化剂加量反应pH反应温度反应时间,最佳处理工艺条件为催化剂加量50mg·L-1、pH值11,反应温度25℃、反应时间35 min;在25 min时,Ca2+的引入使COD去除率增大了7.1%;钻井废水中的有机物得到降解和矿化;Mn2O3催化剂重复使用10次后,对钻井废水COD降解率影响不大,锰离子的溶出量在反应15 min后稳定在3 mg·L-1,Mn2O3催化剂稳定性能较好.     

US/O_3/TiO_2/UV氧化处理苯胺废水实验研究

实验采用US/O3/TiO2/UV氧化技术处理模拟苯胺废水,考察了各种技术组合对苯胺废水的处理效果以及技术组合的影响因素。结果表明,US单独使用对苯胺废水的处理效果较差,需要与其它技术联用;纳米TiO2/UV对苯胺废水的降解速度较慢,停留时间需保证纳米TiO2与废水污染物的充分接触,并且需要对纳米TiO2膜及技术参数进行优化以保证光催化的效果;技术组合中有O3时,COD的去除率有很大的提高;比较而言,US/O3/TiO2/UV技术组合对苯胺废水的处理效果最好。采用US/O3/TiO2/UV技术处理苯胺废水时,苯胺废水浓度的增加会导致COD去除率下降;废水pH值的增加会导致COD去除率轻微下降;随反应的进行,废水pH值会向4～6的区间靠拢;臭氧浓度要适中,过大或过小均会导致处理效率的下降;在优化条件下,该技术组合处理苯胺废水20min时的COD去除率达85%以上,60min时则达到96%。     

絮凝沉淀-H2O2/UV体系处理发制品废水的研究

研究了发制品废水经絮凝沉淀－H2O2／UV体系处理的可行性。结果表明，废水经处理后，COD去除率可达90％以上，色度去除率达100％，探讨了投药量、反应pH、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响，并比较了H2O2／F^2 、H2O2／UV、H2O2／Fe^2 ／UV三种体系的处理效果。     

O_3/UV协同氧化处理黄连素制药废水

分别采用单独臭氧(O3)、单独紫外光(UV)及O3/UV3种方法处理黄连素制药废水,结果表明,O3/UV方法具有明显的协同作用.进而探讨了初始pH,O3投加量及初始ρ(黄连素)等对O3/UV方法的影响,确定了O3/UV方法处理黄连素废水的最佳操作条件.结果表明:ρ(黄连素)为1000mg/L,pH为5的废水,O3投加量为279.0mg/L,处理时间为45min时,黄连素去除率达80%以上;随着废水中初始ρ(黄连素)的升高,废水中CODCr去除率逐渐下降.采用O3/UV方法处理实际黄连素废水表明,该方法是一种有效的预处理技术,废水的可生化性大大提高,其ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)增加了16倍.     

O3／UV处理苯胺废水的研究

比较了O3/UV和03刖V等3种方法对苯胺废水的处理效果,并探讨了O3/UV方法的作用机理。单独采用UV方法时,苯胺的去除率仅为4-2％,而采用O3/UV方法时,在O3通入量为21．4mg／min,初始pH值为6．74和苯胺质量浓度为100mg／L的条件下,反应10min时苯胺的去除率可达99％。随着苯胺初始浓度增大,反应速率变慢,苯胺降解基本符合伪一级动力学反应规律。     

高级氧化技术强化皮革废水生化处理效果初探

皮革废水中含大量难降解有机物,导致常规好氧生化处理速率低、效果差.实验考察了在Us(超声波)、UV(紫外光)、US/Fenton、UV/Fenton等高级氧化技术强化作用下的生化处理效果,结果表明,在相同水质和实验条件下,废水经Us、UV处理30min后可使后续生化反应速率显著提高,分别反应8h、24h后的COD去除率即可达到直接经微生物处理48h后达到的48%,但延长反应时间至48h对COD去除率没有明显提高;Fenton试剂强化US、UV的处理效果要高于单独Us、UV工艺,经30min预处理,随后在微生物作用下分别反应4h和8h即可达到45%和51%的COD去除率,同时延长反应时间也能使最终COD去除率明显提高,反应48h后,COD去除率可分别提高至64%和72%.     

TiO2光催化臭氧氧化-生物活性炭工艺处理城市污水

将TiO2光催化臭氧氧化-生物活性炭(TiO2/UV/O3-BAC)新型组合工艺用于处理城市污水.在优化工艺参数下,该工艺对TOC和UV254平均去除率分别为47.4%和76.9%,比UV/O3-BAC和O3-BAC工艺对TOC平均去除率分别提高10.2和40.2%.3种组合工艺对有机物去除具有协同效应,其中TiO2/UV/O3-BAC工艺的协同效应最大,UV/O3-BAC工艺次之.TiO2/UV/O3过程将水中大分子有机物氧化成小分子,增加了出水的可生化性,从而有利于后续BAC对有机污染物的去除.二级出水中有机污染物主要是酚类和酞酸酯,经氧化处理后,芳香烃和含-C=C-有机物消失或浓度减少,同时也生成一些小分子氧化产物,但经BAC处理后,污染物种类与浓度均大为减少.     

O_3和O_3/H_2O_2法氧化处理制药废水的研究

采用O3和O3/H2O2氧化法对某制药厂的制药废水进行氧化处理,主要考察废水的pH值、O3流量、反应时间对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,O3氧化法的最佳条件为:废水的pH值为9.00,O3流量为5 g/h,反应时间为90 min。在此条件下,废水的COD和TOC的去除率分别达到64.16%和75.34%。O3/H2O2氧化法更能有效的提高废水COD和TOC的去除率,但需要合适的H2O2投加量。处理后两者去除率分别达87.45%和91.49%,且处理后的COD值(351 mg/L)符合该厂排入市政管网的要求(500 mg/L),同时废水的可生化性提高,B/C由0.12提高至0.32。对O3/H2O2处理制药废水的反应机制研究表明,COD的去除率随自由基抑制剂浓度的增加而降低,COD的去除主要是体系中.OH的贡献。另外,采用COD和TOC结合起来作为评价指标更能准确的反映出制药废水中有机物的去除规律。     

光催化氧化法处理化工废水的测试

本研究通过将UV、O3催化剂等主要条件单独或协同降解化工废水,对比了各反应的降解率,探讨了O3与催化剂在光催化反应中的重要作用。并通过简单的反应动力学分析,证明在各反应初期,溶液中有机物的降解基本符合一级反应。UV／O3共同作用表现了有机物降解的巨大潜力,使反应速率和降解率较其他体系有明显的提高。催化剂／UV／O3三者组合也加快了反应速率,不过对于废水中COD的去除催化剂并未体现出明显优势,但催化剂与UV／O3的组合明显提高了废水中总氮的去除率。     

臭氧-紫外光-活性炭联用氧化糠醛废水的研究

采用臭氧-紫外光-活性炭联用对糠醛废水进行了研究,实验考察了处理体系的pH值、糠醛废水的浓度、臭氧浓度、活性炭的使用次数以及臭氧-活性炭、臭氧-紫外光、臭氧-紫外光-活性炭联用几种不同工艺对糠醛去除效果的影响。结果表明,pH值为7.0、臭氧反应时间为160min、臭氧浓度为0.2mg/L,在此条件下进行处理,糠醛、废水的COD、BOD5的去除率可分别达到100%、54.3%、45.2%,废水的可生化性(BOD5/COD)由原来的0.37提高到0.61。活性炭可连续使用10次,对糠醛、废水COD的去除率没有太大影响。臭氧-紫外光-活性炭联用氧化糠醛废水的处理效果分别优于臭氧-活性炭、臭氧-紫外光联用。     

壳聚糖聚乙二醇活性炭共混超滤膜制备及性能研究

研究了壳聚糖制备超滤膜,以及致孔剂聚乙二醇(PEG400)、活性炭含量对膜的水通量和截流率的影响。发现PEG的加入大大提高了壳聚糖超滤膜的纯水透过率和对牛白蛋白溶液的截流率。加入活性炭也同样可以提高膜的纯水通量和截流率。结果表明,选择投加5μL(每100mL铸膜液添加5μLPEG)的水溶性PEG400为致孔剂所制得的膜的水通量和截留率最理想。将此膜应用到洗浴废水上,COD去除率达到75%。     

UV/O3-Na2S2O8处理活性炭再生冷凝废水效能及机理

过热蒸汽法再生活性炭的过程中会产生大量含难降解有机物的冷凝废水,为去除冷凝废水中难降解COD,提高可生化性,采用紫外/臭氧活化过硫酸盐（UV/O₃-Na₂S₂O₈）氧化体系对活性炭再生冷凝废水进行处理,考察了O₃投加量、初始pH和Na₂S₂O₈投加量等因素对有机物处理效能的影响,并采用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光等表征手段探究了冷凝废水处理过程中的变化机理。结果表明:当O₃投加量为30 mg/L,pH值为9.0,Na₂S₂O₈投加量为0.4 g/L时,在120 min内对冷凝废水的COD去除率达到82.1%,色度（CN）去除率达到86.3%。冷凝废水可生化性得到提高,BOD₅/COD值由0.17提升至0.46。由冷凝废水溶解性有机物（DOM）的表征可知,DOM中的腐殖质和发色基团被持续氧化,芳构化程度降低,色氨酸类有机物得到有效去除。结论表明,UV/O₃-Na₂S₂O₈氧化体系可有效去除冷凝废水中的难降解有机物。     

臭氧/活性炭/紫外光联用处理几种高浓度有机废水影响因素

以对硝基苯甲酸废水、鸟嘌呤废水、乙醛废水和乙醇胺废水为例,对臭氧/活性炭氧化去除废水中有机物的效果进行了初步研究,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值和紫外光等因素对臭氧/活性炭催化氧化高浓度有机废水的影响,并在最优条件下,验证了该工艺作为高浓度有机废水预处理手段,在去除废水中COD和提高可生化性(BOD5/COD)等方面的综合效果.结果表明,活性炭作为催化剂与臭氧共同作用,对对硝基苯甲酸废水COD的去除率明显高于单独臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附;臭氧/活性炭氧化对乙醛废水和乙醇胺废水这类短链类有机物降解作用不大,但对硝基苯甲酸废水、鸟嘌呤废水这些含有苯环类、长链类的有机物,去除效率较高;在中性偏碱时,pH的提高有利于COD的去除,但过高pH对COD的降解效果反而有所减弱,pH=9.0是比较合适的;在紫外光催化的条件下,采用臭氧/活性炭氧化工艺处理对硝基苯甲酸废水,COD去除率可达到52%,废水的生化性(BOD5/COD)由原来的0.10提高到0.32,大大提高了废水的可生化性.     

Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process

The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation ( R^2 = 0.9562 and R^2 = 0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R^2 = 0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV254 ( R^2 = 0.855 and R^2 = 0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on.     

O3/UV降解水中的乙酸和硝基苯

利用O3 /UV和O3/H2O2降解了水中的乙酸,结果表明,在相同条件下处理60min后,O3/UV对乙酸的去除率仅比单独臭氧化处理提高了3%,而O3/H2O2在此条件下完全降解乙酸.O3/UV在处理硝基苯过程中却显示较好的氧化降解能力,通过分析表明,硝基苯降解过程中所产生的副产物H2O2对有机物的去除具有很重要的作用.因此,O3/UV氧化降解能力的提高可能有2方面的原因,紫外光对有机物的活化作用;中间产物H2O2催化臭氧分解产生了高活性的羟基自由基. 单独紫外光催化臭氧分解产生羟基自由基的效率极低.     

Effect of short-term atrazine addition on the performance of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process

In this study, an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A²O) wastewater treatment process was implemented to treat domestic wastewater with short-term atrazine addition. The results provided an evaluation on the effects of an accidental pollution on the operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in relation to Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and biological nutrient removal. Domestic wastewater with atrazine addition in 3 continuous days was treated when steady biological nutrient removal was achieved in the A²O process. The concentrations of atrazine were 15, 10, and 5 mg·L⁻¹ on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The results showed that atrazine addition did not affect the removal of COD. The specific NH₄ ⁺ oxidation rate and NO₃ ⁻ reduction rate decreased slightly due to the short-term atrazine addition. However, it did not affect the nitrogen removal due to the high nitrification and denitrification capacity of the system. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was steady, and more than 70% was removed during the period studied. The phosphorus removal rate was not affected by the short-term addition of atrazine under the applied experimental conditions. However, more poly-hydroxy-alkanoate (PHA) was generated and utilized during atrazine addition. The results of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) showed that the respiration of nitrifiers decreased significantly, while the activity of carbon utilizers had no obvious change with the atrazine addition. Atrazine was not removed with the A²O process, even via absorption by the activated sludge in the process of the short-term addition of atrazine.     

Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.     

发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学模拟

发酵液是一种优质的碳源,能够提高生物除磷系统(EBPR)的除磷效果.采用基于碳源代谢的修正ASM2模型,能够较好地模拟发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学变化规律.发酵液作为EBPR唯一碳源时,系统中的异养菌不仅不对聚磷菌(PAO)的生长构成竞争关系,反而促进PAO的生长.发酵液作为实际污水的补充碳源时,优化了污水中的碳源组成,创造了有利于聚磷菌生长的环境,使EBPR中聚磷菌达到微生物总量的40%以上,比实际污水作为碳源的EBPR中的PAO含量提高了3.3倍.