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矿山企业发展循环经济的探索与实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
郝壮 《再生资源与循环经济》2008,1(8):14-17
详细介绍了首钢矿山公司发展循环经济的基本思路和主要做法,结合其多年的探索与实践,指出发展循环经济既是矿山企业适应时代变化的必然趋势,也是矿山生存与发展的应有前提,是提升矿山企业核心竞争力的合理选择。 相似文献
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《矿山资源开发利用与环境保护》2001,(2):1-3
煤矸石是煤炭开采和加工过程中排放的废弃岩石,主要有掘进井巷时排出的煤矸石、选煤排出的煤矸石和露天采煤产生的剥离矸石。一般认为,煤矸石综合排放量占原煤产量的15%~20%,全国每年除综合利用约6000Mt外,其余部分作为工业固体废弃物混杂堆积。据资料统计,全国累计堆存煤矸石已达30Gt,形成了1500座矸石山,占地12万hm^2,造成煤矿周边地区或流域的环境问题,影响煤矿的可持续发展。 相似文献
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介绍了化工区域环境评价中主要噪声源的特征及其噪声级的理论估算,用实测数据说明了电厂放空噪声与乙烯火炬放空噪声的危害及其影响程度,对区域性环境评价中重点噪声源的影响范围作了初步探讨,并提出了粗浅的看法。 相似文献
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既有建筑节能改造市场有序运行需要各方主体积极参与并承担相应的社会责任,要提高社会责任履行的有效性就必须构建其市场主体社会责任共担机制。基于既有建筑节能改造市场特征认识,解构既有建筑节能改造市场主体构成及职能,概述社会责任发展历程,阐释既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任的基本内涵,揭示既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任履行基本特征,将奠定既有建筑节能改造市场主体社会责任共担机理研究的基石。 相似文献
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张灿军 《再生资源与循环经济》2016,(6):6-11
工业(产业)园区经过多年的发展探索,已经逐渐超越经济技术开发区、技术产业园等传统园区建设模式,向能够顺应经济社会绿色循环发展需求的循环型的生态工业(产业)园区发展。当前,生态工业(产业)园区的表现形式是多重多样的,但是其发展实质上都是系统地运用循环经济思想来组织企业或生产单元,在共生层次上实现园区物质、能源和信息的循环利用。循环园区是一个由经济、环境、社会等多个因子组成的复杂系统。若采用一个或少数几个指标很难全面、客观地反映园区的发展状况及未来趋势,因此,综合诸多学者的前期研究成果,结合我国正在开展的园区循环化改造的工作实际,分别提出了园区循环化改造的典型特征和评价园区循环化程度的指标体系。 相似文献
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以多水期污染监测数据为基础,采用内梅罗污染指数(Pn)法对某在役炼化场地的特征污染物进行识别,并对识别结果进行分析。研究表明:该炼化场地土壤中优先控制的特征污染物有砷、钴、苯、苯并[a]芘、乙苯和石油烃(C10~C40),一般特征污染物有铊、铍、铅、钒、镍、间/对-二甲苯和二苯并[a,h]蒽等;地下水中优先控制的特征污染物有钒、铊、钼、苯乙烯、苯并[a]芘、石油烃(C10~C40)、苯、硫化物、氨氮、耗氧量、硫酸盐、挥发酚和氯化物,一般特征污染物有钴、砷、镍、铍、铅、甲苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯、二苯并[a,h]蒽、氟化物、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐;本工作构建的特定场地特征污染物识别方法简捷有效、科学合理。 相似文献
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A comprehensive approach for the evaluation of the economic feasibility of landfill mining (LFM) should take into account not only the direct costs and revenues for the private investor, but also the social benefits or costs (generally called externalities), in such a way that projects generating major social benefits (and no significant private revenues) are not overlooked.With a view to contributing to the development of a common framework for the evaluation of LFM projects, this paper presents the results of a case study where the issue of the assessment of social benefits from a LFM project is addressed. In particular, the Contingent Valuation Method is applied for the monetary assessment of the community-perceived benefits from the remediation of an old uncontrolled waste deposit by means of LFM and the conversion of the area into a park.Based on the results of a survey carried out on a random sample of people living near the old landfill, the economic values of the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for LFM and the subsequent creation of a public park were calculated and the correlations with the relevant variables (distance from the landfill site, age, income, sex, education level) assessed. The results were then suitably extended and the monetary value of the welfare increase of the whole population resident in the area and potentially affected both by LFM and the creation of the park was calculated. 相似文献
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Landfills have historically been seen as the ultimate solution for storing waste at minimum cost. It is now a well-known fact that such deposits have related implications such as long-term methane emissions, local pollution concerns, settling issues and limitations on urban development. Landfill mining has been suggested as a strategy to address such problems, and in principle means the excavation, processing, treatment and/or recycling of deposited materials. This study involves a literature review on landfill mining covering a meta-analysis of the main trends, objectives, topics and findings in 39 research papers published during the period 1988-2008. The results show that, so far, landfill mining has primarily been seen as a way to solve traditional management issues related to landfills such as lack of landfill space and local pollution concerns. Although most initiatives have involved some recovery of deposited resources, mainly cover soil and in some cases waste fuel, recycling efforts have often been largely secondary. Typically, simple soil excavation and screening equipment have therefore been applied, often demonstrating moderate performance in obtaining marketable recyclables. Several worldwide changes and recent research findings indicate the emergence of a new perspective on landfills as reservoirs for resource extraction. Although the potential of this approach appears significant, it is argued that facilitating implementation involves a number of research challenges in terms of technology innovation, clarifying the conditions for realization and developing standardized frameworks for evaluating economic and environmental performance from a systems perspective. In order to address these challenges, a combination of applied and theoretical research is required. 相似文献
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This article describes landfill-mining tests, including excavation, screening, and fraction characterization, carried out in the Msalycke and Gladsax landfills for municipal solid waste (MSW) in Sweden. The excavated waste in these two sites was 17–22 and 23–25 years old, respectively. The main part of Msalycke was unaffected by degradation, and during excavations no substantial amount of biogas was detected. After screening, three size fractions were obtained: <18mm, 18–50mm, and >50mm. Soil amendment and anaerobic digestion with energy extraction are suggested for the first and second fraction, respectively. Incineration with energy recovery is possible with the third fraction after any coarse (inert) material is removed, and construction/demolition waste can easily be recycled provided that it is not contaminated by hazardous material. Excavated waste taken from different depths was also analysed and compared in relation to composition, calorific value, and leachate constituents. 相似文献
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S. Masi D. Caniani E. Grieco D.S. Lioi I.M. Mancini 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(3):702-710
The present study addresses the theme of recycling potential of old open dumpsites by using landfill mining. Attention is focused on the possible reuse of the residual finer fraction (<4 mm), which constitutes more than 60% of the total mined material, sampled in the old open dumpsite of Lavello (Southern Italy). We propose a protocol of analysis of the landfill material that links chemical analyses and environmental bioassays. This protocol is used to evaluate the compatibility of the residual matrix for the disposal in temporary storages and the formation of “bio-soils” to be used in geo-environmental applications, such as the construction of barrier layers of landfills, or in environmental remediation activities. Attention is mainly focused on the presence of heavy metals and on the possible interaction with test organisms. Chemical analyses of the residual matrix and leaching tests showed that the concentration of heavy metals is always below the legislation limits. Biological acute tests (with Lepidum sativum, Vicia faba and Lactuca sativa) do not emphasize adverse effects to the growth of the plant species, except the bioassay with V. faba, which showed a dose–response effect. The new developed chronic bioassay test with Spartium junceum showed a good adaptation to stress conditions induced by the presence of the mined landfill material. In conclusion, the conducted experimental activities demonstrated the suitability of the material to be used for different purposes. 相似文献
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新疆某油田企业于2007年进行了第一轮清洁生产审核工作,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无/低费方案9项,中/高费方案5项,产生的直接、间接经济效益总计为4057.27万元/a。该企业于2011年完成了第二轮清洁生产审核,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无/低费方案6项,中/高费方案8项,总计清洁生产方案产生经济效益1954.142万元/a。通过两轮清洁生产审核工作,企业产生了较好的经济效益与环境效益。 相似文献
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Frederick W. Cubbage 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(1):131-142
In response to federal and state clean water laws, forestry best management practices (BMPs) have been developed and implemented to prevent nonpoint source water pollution. Ellefson and Miles (1985) found that estimated BMP costs in the Midwest could amount to more than half of the net returns on national forest timber sales. Henly et al. (1988) found that government costs to implement forest practice rules ranged from as little as $100,000 per year in Idaho and Nevada to more than $4 million annually in California. A review of studies in the South indicates that estimated BMP costs have increased over time. Lickwar et al. (1992) estimated Southeast average costs of $12.45 per acre, $2.34 per MBF, or 2.87% of gross stumpage values based on 1987 BMPs and prices. Woodman and Cubbage (1994) estimated Georgia average BMP costs of $24.33 per acre or $3.02 per MBF for forest industry lands and $41.65 per acre or $5.39 per MBF for NIPF lands. For Virginia, Shaffer et al. (1998) estimated median BMP costs of $18.90 per acre. These moderate cost increases could be attributed to a higher level of standards in the revision of each state BMP guidelines manual, as well as moderate price inflation. BMPs such as better road construction, water bars, culverts, and broad-based dips have been most expensive so far. To date streamside zones have not been very expensive because the rules allow most of the valuable residual tees to be harvested as long as heavy equipment does not operate near the streams. However, this limitation may become much more difficult and costly – as indicated by Kluender et al. (2000) – as fewer chainsaw fellers and cable skidders are available. Stricter BMPs, such as those already adopted to implement forest certification standards in the South or those used to protect salmon habitat in the West, could prompt more expensive southern BMPs for landowners and state agencies in the future. 相似文献
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After closure, municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills must be managed and controlled to avoid adverse effects on human health and the environment (HHE). Aftercare (or post-closure care) can be brought to an end when the authorities consider the landfill to no longer pose a threat to HHE. Different approaches have been suggested for long-term landfill management and evaluation of aftercare completion. In this paper, research on aftercare and its completion is analyzed and regulatory approaches for the completion of landfill aftercare are reviewed. Approaches to aftercare could be categorized as (i) target values, (ii) impact/risk assessment, and (iii) performance based. Comparison of these approaches illustrates that each has limitations and strengths. While target values are typically used as screening indicators to be complemented with site-specific assessments, impact/risk assessment approaches address the core issue about aftercare completion, but face large uncertainties and require a high level of expertise. A performance-based approach allows for the combination of target values and impact/risk assessments in a consistent evaluation framework with the aim of sequentially reducing aftercare intensity and, ultimately, leading to the completion of aftercare. At a regulatory level, simple qualitative criteria are typically used as the primary basis for defining completion of aftercare, most likely due to the complexity of developing rigorous evaluation methodologies. This paper argues that development of transparent and consistent regulatory procedures represents the basis for defining the desired state of a landfill at the end of aftercare and for reducing uncertainty about the intensity and duration of aftercare. In this context, recently presented technical guidelines and the ongoing debate with respect to their regulatory acceptance are a valuable step towards developing strategies for the cost-effective protection of HHE at closed MSW landfills. To assess the practicality of evaluation methodologies for aftercare, well-documented case studies including regulatory review and acceptance are needed. 相似文献