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常温下内循环厌氧反应器的启动研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了内循环厌氧反应器(IC反应器)在常温下处理葡萄糖配水的启动特性。结果表明:在运行温度为25~35℃的条件下,反应器经70 d启动完成,且IC反应器具有较好的处理效果,反应器内能形成大量的颗粒污泥。启动完成后,进水COD浓度在3 000 mg/L左右时,COD去除率一直保持在95%以上,出水COD浓度维持在200 mg/L左右。当HRT为5.8 h,容积负荷为11.9 kg/(m3.d)时,出水VFA低于200 mg/L,产气量为33 L/d,反应器运行正常。 相似文献
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进水浓度对UASB颗粒污泥形成的影响研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用人工葡萄糖配水,在相同的操作条件下,研究了进水浓度对UASB反应器颗粒污泥形成的影响。试验结果表明,9000mg/L COD的高浓度进水能够培养出良好的颗粒污泥,颗粒直径1.0—2.5mm(大多为2.0mm),SVI 16.03 ml/g,沉降性能良好.颗粒化过程在二个多月的试验周期内基本完成。反应器容积负荷达30.8kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率大于85%.而采用1000mg/L COD的低浓度进水,也能培养出颗粒污泥但过程较慢,颗粒直径较小,约0.5—1.5mm,反应器容积负荷最高为10.2kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率约75%。本文还就处理实际废水时的操作控制技术进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
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根据阿维菌素废水水质的特性.采用高负荷UBF厌氧处理工艺进行实验研究.分析了进出水COD浓度的变化情况及有机负荷对COD去除率的影响,并测定了UBF的产沼气率。实验结果表明:在中温(37±1)℃条件下,当进水COD质量浓度为7500mg/L左右,水力停留时间为18h时,UBF的COD有机容积负荷达到11.5kg/(m^3·d),出水p(COD)约为2000mg/L,COD去除率可达到75%左右,每去除1kgCOD平均可产生0.6m^3沼气,且反应器运行稳定。 相似文献
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UASB处理高浓度畜禽养殖废水启动及产气性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用外循环上流式厌氧污泥床反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度畜禽养殖废水,研究反应器的启动影响因素和产气性能,分析反应器运行特征。在容积负荷为8.1 kg COD/(m3·d)时反应器取得最佳的运行效果,此时COD平均去除率86.9%,出水VFA为204.0 mg/L。该负荷下单位容积平均产气率2.2 L/(L·d),消耗单位有机物平均产气率316.9 m L/g COD,甲烷平均含量70.5%。该研究可为UASB处理高浓度养殖废水的启动提供依据。 相似文献
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在9L、4格室的厌氧折流反应器(ABR)中,处理以葡萄糖为共基质的含硝基苯废水,温度为5~10℃,进水COD浓度为200-400mg/L,HRT为3h。结果表明ABR对有毒废水浓度变化的适应能力强,当进水硝基苯的浓度为0.48mg/L时,出水COD在21天恢复正常,运行稳定,反应器经硝基苯连续3天冲击(0.48mg/L)后,经历了原有微生物死亡、新微生物生长直到最终项级群落和稳定发酵类型的形成的过程。 相似文献
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UASB处理生物柴油废水的效果研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理地沟油回收制备生物柴油废水,通过试验研究了UASB反应器各个阶段对该类废水的处理效果,并考察了甲基磺酸、对甲基苯磺酸两种预酯化催化剂对该类废水处理效果的影响。结果表明:当进水COD为15g/L、容积负荷为15kg/(m3·d)时,UASB反应器COD的去除率稳定在87%左右,出水VFA为4~6mmol/L,沼气产量为16.8L/d;当容积负荷稳定在5kg/(m3·d),进水甲基磺酸浓度为5500mg/L时,UASB反应器COD的去除率达83%以上,进水对甲基苯磺酸浓度为1 000mg/L时,UASB反应器COD的去除率为58.3%,从废水处理的难易程度角度考虑,建议采用甲基磺酸为预酯化催化剂。 相似文献
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在16.2L厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)中,以五氯酚钠配水进行了毒物冲击负荷试验当进水COD为1100~1200mg/L,HRT为24h时,连续两大投加五氯酚钠 17.72、17.48mg/L,再以 1~2mg/L连续进水结果表明,ABR具有较强的抗毒物冲击自助,反应器后段 COD去除率在第6d可基本恢复到冲击前水平,整个系统活性恢复约需4周仲击负荷后系统微生物依次经历明显被抑制的阶段及其代谢活性恢复的阶段用COD去除率比值和CODvfa与CODfilt值可以表征系统恢复的历程 相似文献
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将布水装置优化后的新型内循环(IC)反应器应用于某山梨醇生产企业实际废水的二级厌氧生化处理,获得了较好的处理效果。调试阶段的结果表明:经过IC反应器的处理后,废水COD浓度由处理前的2 374~4 967 mg/L降至301~823 mg/L,COD去除率达81.4%~91.2%,COD容积负荷达8.1~13.7 kg/(m3·d);总体来说,当水力负荷增大时,COD容积负荷也相应增大;IC反应器的出水挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)基本控制在200 mg/L以下;厌氧出水再依次经过接触氧化池和絮凝沉淀池等配套工艺的处理后,COD降至80 mg/L以下,实现达标排放。 相似文献
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CLR反应器是在IC反应器的基础上优化的厌氧反应装置,详细介绍了改进的工艺和实验方案,对垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的渗滤液,采用CLR厌氧反应器进行实验研究,结果表明:在中温的环境下,CLR厌氧进水COD从4 200 mg/L逐渐提高到42 000 mg/L的情况下,并稳定进水COD浓度42 000 mg/L左右时,出水COD在8 400 mg/L左右,COD去除率为80%以上.CLR反应器处理实际渗滤液的负荷能够达到42 kgCOD/(m3·d),产气效率为0.4L沼气/gCOD,从处理效果的分析为生产规模工程设计提供参考. 相似文献
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采用高效菌提高普通活性污泥系统抗2,4-DCP负荷冲击能力 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
研究了用于处理生活污水的普通活性污泥反应器(CAS)受到2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)间歇性负荷冲击时,投加高效菌的生物强化系统和对照系统对污染物的响应及系统稳定性,并考察了长期运行过程中强化系统对目标污染物去除能力的变化.结果表明,投加5%和15% 2,4-DCP复合高效菌的强化CAS系统,其对目标污染物的降解能力及抗负荷冲击能力得到显著提高.当系统受到间歇性2,4-DCP负荷冲击[110.37~171.60 mg/(L·d)]时,对于单次投菌后前30日内发生的间歇性负荷冲击,强化系统有效保持了对目标污染物的强化效果;在无2,4-DCP存在的情况下连续运行70d,当系统再次受到2,4-DCP负荷冲击时,强化系统的强化效果与前几次相比已明显下降,不能够快速有效去除污染物并维持系统稳定,因此有必要再次投加高效菌. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2000,8(1):49-60
An LCA was performed on organic and conventional milk production at the farm level in Sweden. In the study, special focus was aimed at substance flows in concentrate feed production and nutrient flows on the farms. The different feeding strategies in the two forms of production, influence several impact categories. The import of feed by conventional dairy farms often leads to a substantial input of phosphorus and nitrogen. Organic milk production is a way to reduce pesticide use and mineral surplus in agriculture but this production form also requires substantially more farmland than conventional production. For Swedish conditions, however, a large use of grassland for grazing ruminants is regarded positively since this type of arable land use promotes the domestic environmental goals of biodiversity and aesthetic values. 相似文献
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针对膜污染的动态变化问题,通过计算流体力学(CFD)手段建立了中空纤维膜的二维轴对称模型,综合考虑了污染物间粘附力及水流剪切力的影响,提出有效剪切应力的概念,在模型中耦合了变形几何、自由多孔介质流动及稀物质传递3种物理场,将污染物法向积累、切向有效剪切与污染物界面处的网格速度相关联,建立了膜面污染物截留的动态模型.依据死端过滤与错流过滤的实验数据,确定出模型的匹配参数.在此基础上,研究了不同进给方式(连续流与脉冲流)对膜面污染物的影响.模拟结果表明,当水流剪切力足以克服污染物的临界粘附力时,可对膜面污染物起冲刷作用;与连续流相比,脉冲流具有更高的有效剪切速率,在对膜面污染物的冲刷作用方面更具优势. 相似文献
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J. Aubin E. Papatryphon H.M.G. van der Werf S. Chatzifotis 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(3):354-361
When evaluating the environmental impacts of finfish production systems, both regional impacts (e.g., eutrophication) and global impacts (e.g., climate change) should be taken into account. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is well suited for this purpose. Three fish farms that represent contrasting intensive production systems were investigated using LCA: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in freshwater raceways in France, sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in sea cages in Greece, and turbot (Scophtalmus maximus) in an inland re-circulating system close to the seashore in France. Two main characteristics differentiated the three farm systems: feed use and energy use. Emission of nitrogen and phosphorus accounted for more than 90% of each farm's potential eutrophication impact. In the trout and sea-bass systems, feed production was the major contributor to potential climate change and acidification impacts and net primary production use (NPPU). In these systems, the main source of variation for environmental impacts was the feed conversion ratio. Results from this study indicate that the sea-bass cage system was less efficient than the trout raceway system, with a higher level of potential eutrophication (65% greater) and NPPU (15% greater). The turbot re-circulating system was a high energy-consumer compared to the trout raceway system (four times higher) and the sea-bass cage system (five times higher). Potential climate change and acidification impacts were largely influenced by energy consumption in the turbot re-circulating system. In the turbot re-circulating system 86% of energy use was due to on-site consumption, while in the sea-bass cage farming system 72% of energy use was due to feed production. These results are discussed in relation to regional contexts of production and focus attention on the sensitivity of each aquatic environment and the use of energy carriers. 相似文献
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Deyin Hou Jun Wang Changwei Zhao Baoqiang Wang Zhaokun Luan Xiangcheng Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1860-1867
The direct contact membrane distillation applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater was investigated.The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes.The maximum permeate flux 35.6 kg/(m2 ·hr) was obtained with the feed solution at 80°C and the cold distillate water at 20°C.The feed concentration had no significant impact on the permeate flux and the rejection in fluoride.The precipitation of CaCO3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with increasing concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed,which resulted in a rapid decline in the module efficiency.This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed.The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed.The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated,which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF2 deposits on the membrane surface.In addition,a 300 hr continuous fluoride removal experiment of acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0,the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected. 相似文献
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构建纳米铁(nZVI)-生物耦合系统,探讨连续流反应器中耦合系统处理刚果红废水的可行性和可控性.研究发现nZVI将刚果红大分子降解为小分子后,提高了废水的可生化性(由0.04提高至0.69)并降低了毒性(由90.25%降至30.57%),为生物单元提供良好的环境条件.反应器连续运行期间,耦合系统对初始浓度为500mg/L的刚果红废水脱色率达99%,COD从167mg/L降低到约50mg/L.而单一生物系统的脱色率仅为30%~70%,COD降至116mg/L,且波动较大.研究结果表明,nZVI-生物耦合系统是一种能够深度处理难降解有机染料废水的技术手段. 相似文献