骆马湖浮游植物演替规律及驱动因子

江苏骆马湖作为南水北调工程的重要调蓄湖泊,水生态系统结构变化不容忽视.为研究骆马湖浮游植物群落结构演替规律及其与环境因子的关系,于2014~2018年进行了逐月监测.研究期间骆马湖总氮、高锰酸盐指数、电导率等参数呈逐年升高趋势,氟离子浓度呈逐年下降趋势.共鉴定有浮游植物7门71属,月均生物量变化范围0.16~5.51mg·L^-1.硅藻和绿藻为绝对优势门类,其次为甲藻及隐藻;主要优势属为针杆藻（Synedra sp.）、隐藻（Chroomonas spp.）、直链硅藻（Aulacoseira spp.）、锥囊藻（Dinobryon sp.）、栅藻（Scenedesmus spp.）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria spp.）、转板藻（Mougeotia sp.）、纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus sp.）和裸藻（Euglena spp.）.2014~2018年骆马湖浮游植物群落结构年际差异较大,其变化主要体现在浮游植物生物量的再分配,硅藻和绿藻继续保持优势外甲藻和蓝藻的优势度增加.非度量多维尺度分析显示,骆马湖浮游植物群落变化与总氮、氟离子、水温、总磷、溶解氧、pH、电导率和高锰酸盐指数等因素有关,广义可加模型同样显示总氮、氟离子浓度和水温是主导骆马湖浮游植物群落结构变化的主要因素.总氮、氟离子浓度是影响浮游植物群落年际变化的环境因子,而水温是引起浮游植物群落季节变化的主要因子.结合近几年管理部门采取的措施,浮游植物群落年际变化可能与骆马湖实行禁止采砂和拆除围网等管理修复措施有关.     

哈尔滨城市河网丰水期浮游植物群落分布特征及驱动因子

本研究于2019年丰水期（6~8月）,在哈尔滨城市河网选取23个典型采样点,包括松花江哈尔滨段、何家沟、马家沟和阿什河,研究其浮游植物群落的分布特点及水环境的驱动因子.本研究期间共鉴定浮游植物149个分类单位,在丰水期6~8月期间,哈尔滨城市河网浮游植物群落组成由硅藻门及绿藻门占据绝对优势逐渐转化为硅藻门与蓝藻门占据优势.优势种主要包括：梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing）、谷皮菱形藻［Nitzschia palea（Kützing）W.Smith］、肘状针杆藻［Synedra ulna（Nitzsch）Ehrenberg］、狭形纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus angustus Bernard）、湖泊假鱼腥藻［Pseudanabaena limnetica（Lemmermann）Komárek］和卵形隐藻（Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg）等.单因子交叉相似性分析（One-way crossed ANOSIM）显示研究期间松花江哈尔滨段与其它支流间浮游植物组成差异性显著（P<0.05）,整体上松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物丰富度大于其他河段.冗余分析（RDA）表明,TP与pH是引起哈尔滨城市河网各河段浮游植物群落结构差异的主要环境因子.本研究旨在通过研究哈尔滨城市河网浮游植物群落及环境相关性,丰富对城市河网生态评价的研究,为今后城市河网生态监测、治理与恢复提供理论基础.     

三峡库区典型支流水库浮游动植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了探讨三峡库区典型支流水库（长寿湖）浮游动植物结构与环境因子间的关系,于不同季节对其水环境因子和浮游动植物进行调查,利用Pearson相关性分析法对调查结果进行分析.对浮游动植物的鉴定结果表明：浮游植物共有8门107种,主要由相对丰度达61%的蓝藻门组成,优势种群包括纤细席藻、点状平裂藻和类颤藻鱼腥藻这3种浮游植物.共鉴定出浮游动物4门82种,其中轮虫相对丰度达88%,其优势种群包括螺形龟甲轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫和盖氏晶囊轮虫等6种浮游动物.浮游动植物丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数的空间差异均不显著,除浮游动物生物多样性指数季节性差异不显著外,其余指标均有显著的季节性差异.夏季浮游植物的丰度最高,春季次之,冬季最低,而浮游动物春季丰度最高,春季浮游动植物的生物量均显著高于冬季.夏季浮游植物的种类数,Shannon-Wiener指数（H''）、Pielous均匀度指数（J）和Margalef丰富度指数（D）显著低于冬季和春季.水质评价结果表明,冬、春季节长寿湖水质处于清洁-寡污状态,夏季处于中度污染状态,长寿湖整体处于富营养化状态.影响长寿湖浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子包括：Chla、DOC、TP、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、DO、Eh和T.冬春夏3个季节影响浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子存在差异.     

三峡库区支流浮游植物群落稳定性及其驱动因子分析

浮游植物群落稳定性变化不仅带来一系列水体生态环境变化,而且也影响了水体生态系统的服务功能.为了揭示库区水体浮游植物群落稳定性变化,分别于春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对三峡库区支流花溪河的11个样点进行浮游植物采集,并对资源利用效率（RUE_PP）、物种丰富度（S）、物种均匀度（J）和群落更替值（BC）进行研究.结果表明,花溪河全年共检测出藻类8门103属380种,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别采集到264、181、197和183种,绿藻种类最多,其次是硅藻、裸藻和蓝藻;S0样点物种数量和细胞密度最小,S2样点物种数量和细胞密度最大;夏季RUE_PP最大,秋季RUE_PP最小;BC与RUE_PP、物种均匀度、总磷（TP）、正磷酸盐（PO₄^3--P）、总氮（TN）、硝氮（NO₃^--N）、高锰酸盐指数和电导率（Spc）呈显著负相关,而与物种丰富度和溶氧（DO）呈显著正相关系,表明蓄水对花溪河浮游植物群落结构具有显著的影响,导致浮游植物群落不稳定,易发生更替,其更替程度受生物因子和非生物因子共同作用.     

珠海市磨刀门水道输水水源水库群浮游植物群落特征及其环境驱动因子

磨刀门水道是珠江水系的主要出海口,也是粤港澳大湾区珠海和澳门等多个城市的重要水源地.于2021年丰、枯两季（8月和10月）对珠海市磨刀门水道13个采样点的水质和受其供水的4个饮用水水源水库群21个采样点水质状况和浮游植物开展了调查,并探究了相关驱动机制.4个水库浮游植物群落结构的解析结果显示,浮游植物共有8门73属150种,种类和相对丰度均以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主,其中大镜山水库（DJS）和杨寮水库（YL）蓝藻在丰、枯两季的相对丰度均超过90%,竹仙洞（ZXD）和竹银水库（ZY）的蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻在不同时期分别占优,且分布较均衡.Shanno-Wiener指数（H）、Pielous均匀度指数（J）和Margalef丰富度指数（D）说明竹银水库的浮游植物生物多样性最丰富,指示水体最优,竹仙洞水库次之,大镜山水库是4个水库中浮游植物多样性最少的水库.PCoA分析表明大镜山水库和杨寮水库浮游植物群落结构具有相似性（P>0.05）,且该2个水库和竹仙洞水库、竹银水库均具有显著差异性（P<0.05）.冗余分析（RDA）结果显示,硝酸盐氮（NO₃^-）、总溶解性有机碳（TOC）、总磷（TP）、氯化物（Cl^-）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子.研究结果揭示了4个水库浮游植物群落受磨刀门水道输水带来的营养盐外源影响较大,提示应着重改善磨刀门水道水质,以达到改善和预防水库水体富营养化,确保饮用水水源安全的目的.     

丹江口水库早春真核浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

采用高通量测序技术研究了2019年早春（2月）丹江口水库浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果显示：①本次调查共检测到浮游植物6门57属,主要包括绿藻门、硅藻门、金藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门等,其中,绿藻种类（47种）>硅藻（24种）>金藻（17种）,硅藻相对丰度（58.8%）>绿藻（27.2%）>金藻（11.8%）,各采样点浮游植物群落结构总体相似;②浮游植物优势种为硅藻门的冠盘藻（Stephanodiscus suzukii）、变异直链藻（Melosira varians）,绿藻门的葡萄藻（Botryococcus braunii）、索囊藻（Choricystis sp.）,以及金藻类的近囊胞藻一种（Paraphysomonas sp.）;③Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.76~2.52,Pielou均匀度为0.28~0.38,依据多样性指数水质评判标准判断水质整体处于β-中污带;水质符合Ⅱ类标准,但总氮（TN）除外,浓度为0.93~1.21 mg·L^-1;④相关性分析表明,香农-威纳指数（H''）与Pielou均匀度指数（J）、Simpson多样性指数显著相关（p<0.01）;冗余分析表明,pH、NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N是影响丹江口水库早春季节浮游植物群落结构最主要的环境因子.总体而言,丹江口水库水质较好,但早春季节冠盘藻（Stephanodiscus suzukii）的大量繁殖使丹江口水库发生水华的风险增加,因此,要加强对丹江口水库水质的检测和防范意识.     

蓝藻暴发对太湖梅梁湾底泥中铁氨氧化速率的影响

作为近年来新发现的氮循环过程,铁氧化物还原耦合氨氧化（Feammox）越来越受到人们的关注.然而,目前鲜有研究报道蓝藻暴发对湖泊底泥中铁氨氧化速率的影响.因此,本研究采集了湖泊聚藻区和无藻区的底泥,对其理化性质进行分析,同时利用稳定同位素示踪技术测定了铁氨氧化速率,并运用高通量测序技术探究了底泥的微生物群落组成.结果表明,无藻区底泥的铁氨氧化速率为0.29 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,显著高于聚藻区底泥（0.01~0.05 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,而且铁氨氧化速率与pH、Fe（Ⅲ）和TOC（总有机碳）均具有显著的相关性（p<0.05）.此外,高通量测序结果表明,在不同底泥中6种主要的铁还原菌（Thiobacillus、Geobacter、Desulfobacca、Pseudomonas、Anaeromyxobacter和Desulfosporosinus）被检测到,并且铁还原菌的丰度在无藻区底泥中为5.65%,比在聚藻区底泥（3.25%~4.44%）中的高.总之,本研究结果说明蓝藻暴发会减弱湖泊底泥中的铁氨氧化反应.     

庞泉沟自然保护区土壤呼吸空间分异性影响因素探测

土壤呼吸是维持全球碳平衡的重要过程.以庞泉沟自然保护区为研究区域,基于实地测量的土壤呼吸（R_s）数据,结合海拔（ELE）、土壤温度（T）、土壤水分（SWC）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、坡度（slope）、土壤全碳（C）、总氮（N）和土壤容重（BD）,运用地理探测器模型分析了R_s空间分异的主要驱动力及其交互作用.结果表明：①研究区R_s及其影响因子的空间变异均为中等变异.R_s与NDVI、T和土壤N呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与ELE、slope和SWC呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,R_s与BD显著负相关（P<0.05）,与C相关性不显著（P>0.05）.②NDVI和T构成的多元线性模型可以解释R_s空间分异的64.3%.③ELE、T和NDVI为研究区R_s空间分异性的主导驱动力,可以解释64%、59%和48%的空间变异.④双因子的交互作用均能增强对R_s空间分异性的解释力,最大交互因子分别为ELE∩BD （q=0.73）和T ∩ slope （q=0.74）.因此,在R_s的估算过程中,结合地形及环境条件,应考虑多种因子之间的交互作用.     

蓝藻水华过程中优势种群演替模式、效应及驱动因子分析

不同蓝藻种类形成水华的条件不尽相同,因此,蓝藻水华过程中常出现不同优势种群的演替,增加了蓝藻水华生态效应的不确定性和复杂性.然而,关于蓝藻水华过程中优势种群内部的演替模式、生态效应及其驱动因素,尚未受到足够关注.因此,于2018年4月至9月对重庆市内饮用水源地南彭水库进行浮游植物群落动态和水环境监测分析.结果表明：①南彭水库共检出浮游植物8门59属108种,其中优势种4门13种,以拉氏拟柱孢藻（Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii）优势度最高,其次为假鱼腥藻（Pseudoanabaena sp.）;② 5月和7月分别出现蓝藻密度峰值,此时水华优势类群分别以假鱼腥藻和拟柱孢藻为主,且Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于其它月份;③ NMDS结果显示拟柱孢藻和假鱼腥藻与周边浮游植物群落关联程度分别为0.58和0.48,而VPA结果显示群落变化可由环境因子解释47.51%,拟柱孢藻和假鱼腥藻仅分别能解释其中的12.04%和12.74%;④拟柱孢藻丰度受到WT、pH和RUE_N的显著正影响,受到SD和RUE_P的显著负影响;假鱼腥藻丰度受到高锰酸盐指数的显著正影响,受到EC和DO的显著负影响.以上结果说明两种蓝藻在大量生长繁殖时均对周边浮游植物群落产生了显著的影响,而与假鱼腥藻相比,拟柱孢藻对水生态系统影响更加明显;氮限制和温度升高的共同作用能促使拟柱孢藻取代假鱼腥藻,形成优势种群.     

不同水源补给河流浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为探究不同水源补给河流浮游植物群落结构的差异,于2019年5~11月对北京市北运河水系和永定河水系7条河流进行逐月采样调查,分析不同水源补给河流浮游植物群落结构特征,并采用相关性分析和冗余分析（RDA）探究浮游植物群落与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,7条河流共监测到9门127种浮游植物,硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为优势种群,分别占种类总数的40.94%、34.65%和10.24%.浮游植物密度介于（0.24~169.14）×10⁶ cell·L^-1之间,均值为38.20×10⁶ cell·L^-1,生物量介于0.21~78.50 mg·L^-1之间,均值为16.49 mg·L^-1.浮游植物种类、密度和生物量均表现为：混合水源补给组>完全再生水补给组>无再生水补给组.浮游植物生物多样性指数H''均值介于1.56~2.18之间,均匀度指数J均值介于0.47~0.67之间,H''和J均表现为：无再生水补给组>混合水源补给组>完全再生水补给组.RDA排序结果表明,影响混合水源补给组浮游植物优势种的主要环境因子为DOC、pH、Chla、DO和TP,影响无再生水补给组和完全再生水补给组优势种的主要环境因子为TN、NH₄⁺-N、N/P和ORP.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.