滇黔接壤地区资源开发中的生态环境问题

本文研究了川滇黔接壤地区的生态系统特征及资源开发过程中产生的各种环境问题。在区域人口负荷大，经济落后，自然灾害频繁，环境污染严重等综合因子的作用下，已使区域生态系统变得十分脆弱，指出了区域自然资源开发过程中做好环壕保护和生态恢复的重要性。     

我国畜禽养殖业引致的环境问题及主要对策

在阐述目前畜禽养殖业引致的主要环境问题及其与可持续发展关系的基础上 ,从生态系统学的角度提出应强化规模化畜禽养殖废弃物的综合利用 ,开展固体废弃物和污水治理等相关领域的研究 ,进一步做好畜禽养殖污染防治工作 ,有效地保护和改善农村生态环境 ,以期促进畜禽养殖环境与经济的协调发展。     

我国畜禽养殖业引致的环境问题及主要对策

在阐述目前畜禽养殖业引致的主要环境问题及其与可持续发展关系的基础上，从生态系统学的角度提出应强化规模化畜禽养殖废弃物的综合利用，开展固体废弃物和污水治理等相关领域的研究，进一步做好畜禽养殖污染防治工作，有效地保护和改善农村生态环境，以期促进畜禽养殖环境与经济的协调发展。     

浙江将建立省市县三级水质监测体系

为加强水资源保护，保障饮用水安全，浙江省决定调整和建设全省水功能区水质监测站点，建立省市县三级水质监测体系，进一步扩大水质监测范围。由浙江省水文局编制的2008-2010年全省水功能区水质监测站点调整和布设建设实施方案，强调了开展水质水量同步监测，要求各地充分利用现有水文站点，采用多种监测方法做好水位、水量、水质同步监测，同时建立省、市、县三级监测体系，依据水功能区的重要程度和管理权限，分工实施建设和组织监测。     

邳州市生态保护现状及对策

通过对邳州市自然资源和生态保护基本情况的调查,分析了生态保护中存在的主要问题及其原因,提出对邳州市今后生态保护的原则和对策。     

美国的流域保护方法(WPA)

本文简要介绍了美国许多州正在实施的流域保护方法,并就流域保护方法的作用、流域保护规划以及流域保护的计算机支持等方面提出了自己的看法。     

保护臭氧层就是保护我们自己

正为保护臭氧层,逐步淘汰消耗臭氧层物质,国际社会分别于1985年和1987年缔结了《保护臭氧层维也纳公约》和《关于消耗臭氯层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》。而我国是国际《保护臭氧层维也纳公约》及相关修正案的缔约国,一直积极行动,维护国际公约权威,采取多种措施,保护大气臭氧层。自加入《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》以来.我国逐步建立完善淘汰消耗臭氧层物质的法律法规和管理制度,积极开展淘汰活动,鼓励替代品和替代技术的应用,已经淘汰了10万多吨消耗臭氧层物质,约占发展中国家淘汰总量的1/2,圆满完成了4种主要消耗臭氧层物质的淘汰任务,为全球保护臭氧层事业做出了突出贡献。     

适应信息时代发展搞好流域水资源保护工作

结合黄河流域实际情况 ,从法制建设、水质监测管理、水资源保护规划和监督管理以及信息技术应用等方面综合论述了流域水资源保护工作在新形势下的新思路 ,并对今后的相关工作进行展望。文中所述综合建设模式具有现实意义 ,对国内其他流域的水资源保护工作同样具有借鉴价值     

关于湿地的生态保护与修复

从建湖县“九龙口”省级风景名胜区湿地的实际出发，分析了湿地生态保护的必要性，根据保护原则，提出了相应的保护措施。     

苏北地区饮用水源保护现状分析与思考

论述了江苏省苏北地区饮用水源保护工作的现状和存在问题,分析了影响苏北饮用水源安全的因素,探讨了加强饮用水源安全的措施建议,为地方政府及环保等部门加强对苏北地区饮用水源保护工作的决策提供参考。     

湖泊围网养殖与水环境保护

针对近年湖泊围网养殖的密度、面积不断增加，造成围网养殖对湖泊渔业及水环境产生的影响，提出了湖泊渔业可持续发展及水环境保护的措施。     

环保疏浚的技术要求与环保绞刀的设计

湖泊底泥环保疏浚是消除内源性污染最快捷、最有效的方法，并为生态恢复创造条件，而环保绞刀是湖泊底泥环保疏浚的必要条件。阐述了环保疏浚的技术要求，设计了绞吸式挖泥船用环保绞刀，满足了湖泊底泥环保疏浚的需要。     

环保疏浚的技术要求与环保绞刀的设计

湖泊底泥环保疏浚是消除内源性污染最快捷、最有效的方法,并为生态恢复创造条件,而环保绞刀是湖泊底泥环保疏浚的必要条件.阐述了环保疏浚的技术要求,设计了绞吸式挖泥船用环保绞刀,满足了湖泊底泥环保疏浚的需要.     

Is Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Possible on Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic?

This paper aims to identify challenges, and threats, and further explore opportunities for a new Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Regime on the Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic. This lake is the second largest high-altitude lake in the world providing recreational and small-scale fishing activities as well as cage culture of introduced species. The populations of several indigenous species are seriously threatened, because many of the introduced species are potential predators. We examine the root causes for overfishing and relationships of alien and endemic fish species in Issyk-Kul Lake and give possible policy options that can help remediate or mitigate the biodiversity degradation. This analysis focuses on necessary legal modifications, institutional cooperation, the protection of selected endemic fish species, control of the alien species, the sustainable extension services and management of fish ponds. Fisheries co-management is one option to explore shared stewardship and empowering user groups on the lake. A comprehensive fisheries management plan is also needed, in addition to immediate action and further studies on the following wider aspects: water management/irrigation issues, water-quality assessment near cage cultures, socio-cultural issues, resource inventory, and assessing fish biology and the lake ecosystem.     

千岛湖生态环境主要问题及保护对策

1998—2000年的研究结果表明,千岛湖的富营养化进程明显加速。千岛湖上游安徽境内输入的大量营养盐、周边地区的生态环境变化、农田地表径流及水土流失是引起湖水水体质量变化的主要原因。控制上游安徽境内的入湖水质、减少农业面源污染和水土流失对水体的影响、恢复与重建湖滨植被保护带、改善整个周边地区的生态环境等是保护千岛湖生态环境的主要对策。     

基于水质污染风险识别的人工湖需水研究

人工湖需水量是指维持湖区水量平衡、满足人工湖水质目标的供水量,人工湖需水量确定是人工湖水体工程设计的主要内容之一。以上虞滨海新城建设的人工湖为例,分析了人工湖建成后的可能污染源,采用TP质量守恒模型,预测了不同生活污水截污率、生态措施作用前后的人工湖需水量及水质要求。结果表明,当生活污水截污率为100%时,若供水TP≤0.10mg/L,则人工湖需水量为240万t/a;当生活污水截污率为95%时,若供水TP=0.05mg/L,不考虑生态措施作用,则人工湖需水量为1 600万t/a;当生活污水截污率为95%时,若供水TP=0.05mg/L,在生态措施作用下人工湖需水量为730万t/a。     

The dissipation,distribution and fate of a branched 14C-nonylphenol isomer in lake water/sediment systems

A single tertiary isomer which is believed to be one of the major branched isomers of the isomeric nonylphenol was synthesized for use in investigations on its metabolism and estrogenicity in aquatic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the isomer were determined to enable the prediction of its behaviour in aquatic environments. From laboratory investigations on its dissipation and distribution in lake water, which are reported in this paper, it was found that it had a half-life of dissipation of 38.1 days and 20.1 days in an open lake water and in an open lake water/ sediment system, respectively, and to be rapidly partitioned in to sediment giving a high concentration factor of 1.76 after 28 days with an initial dose concentration of 2.52 ppm. The main dissipation route was found to occur through volatilization and co-distillation. The isomer was, however, found to be resistant to biodegradation in both the lake water and sediment, showing only a slight 9% loss (after 56 days) and 4.2% loss (after 28 days), of the 14C-residues in lake water and lake water/sediment systems, respectively, by microbial activity. Transformation to other more polar metabolites possibly by hydroxylation was also found to be minimal in both lake water and sediment samples after 14 days by HPLC analysis. After 7 days, only 2.25 and 7.4% transformation to a more polar metabolite was detected in lake water and sediment samples, respectively.     

Physico-chemical characteristics and pollution level of Lake Nainital (U.P., India): role of macrophytes and phytoplankton in biomonitoring and phytoremediation of toxic metal ions

Lake Nainital is the sole source of drinking water for the local people and even to majority of tourists. In background of lake utility and its importance at national level, such study is essential which is focused on toxic metal pollution and current nutrient status of the lake and their magnification by algae and macrophytes. Study has shown that lake water is rich in nutrients which supports growth of many aquatic macrophytes and algal blooms. Besides, water is contaminated with metals like Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Concentration of some of them like Fe, Pb and Ni were higher than the recommended maximum permissible limits. Concentration of these metals were also found high in lake sediments. The level of metals amongst various components of lake varied considerably in different season. Plants and algae growing therein accumulated appreciable amount of metals and water roots of Salix being more efficient than others. High metal removing potential of these plants may be significant for biomonitoring studies and could be a useful phytoremediation technology to restore water quality by harvesting submerged and floating biomass inhabiting littoral zone of the lake.     

Effects of experimental acidification on mobilisation of metals from sediments of limed and non-limed lakes

In order to study the influence of pH on the mobilisation of metals from lake sediments, intact sediment cores with overlying water were sampled from one lime treated lake and one acidified lake. The overlying water of two cores from each lake was successively acidified to pH 4.2 over a period of 3 months. In the acid treated samples from the limed lake, the initial concentrations of Al, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn in the overlying water were generally lower and the final concentrations were higher than in the acid treated samples from the acidified lake. The labile inorganic fraction of Al (Al(i)) was increasingly dominating as pH decreased. Redox potential and pH in the sediment indicated that the upper two centimetres were involved in the exchange reactions. The experiment showed that mobilisation of metals from sediments can occur and the results indicated that mobilisation could contribute to increased concentrations of metals in lake water during reacidification of formerly lime treated lakes.     

湖泊水生植物管理方案探讨

根据湖泊水生植物的分布面积及生物量差异,大致可以将湖泊分为水生植物过量生长、水生植物适度生长以及水生植物高度退化、消亡三大类型.对这3种湖泊进行了分析研究,分别拟订了具有针对性的湖泊水生植物管理方案,并提出了湖泊水生植物管理方案实施的前提条件和有效保障措施,对目前中国富营养化湖泊的治理,特别是水生植物恢复工程实施后的后续管理具有一定的借鉴意义.