共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以污水作为热源,通过热泵机组的作用来提取污水中难以被直接利用的热能的空调系统成为污水源热泵。当前社会对污水的能源回收越来越重视,用污水源热泵系统实现城市污水中能量的回收利用,既能节约煤炭和电能,又能减少城市废热排放,减少环境污染,因此对污水源热泵技术的研究和开发对于建筑的节能降耗具有身份中要的意义。本文介绍了污水源热泵系统的工作原理和特点,并分析了污水源热泵技术的节能和环保特性。 相似文献
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中国东北地区污水余热资源丰富,针对这一特点,提出了在东北地区利用城市污水热能供热的设想。阐述了城市污水的主要特点.并且分析了在东北地区把城市污水用做热泵水源的可行性,讨论了在东北地区应用污水源热泵技术可能存在的问题及应采取的措施。 相似文献
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一、地源热泵系统简介[1][2]
地源热泵是一种利用地下浅层地热资源(也称地能,包括地下水、土壤或地表水等)的既可供热又可制冷的高效节能空调系统.它是利用水源热泵的一种形式,即利用水与地能(地下水、土壤或地表水)进行冷热交换来作为水源热泵的冷热源,冬季把地能中的热量"取"出来,供给室内采暖,此时地能为"热源";夏季把室内热量取出来,释放到地下水、土壤或地表水中,此时地能为"冷源".地源热泵机组的能量流动是利用其所消耗的能量(如电能)将吸取的全部热能(即电能+吸收的热能)一起排输至高温热源.而其所耗能量的作用是使制冷剂(如R22)压缩至高温高压状态,从而达到吸收低温热源中热能的作用.通常地源热泵消耗1kW 的能量,用户可以得到5kW 以上的热量或4kW 以上冷量. 相似文献
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《环境工程》2016,(Z1)
利用"局部循环供氧一体化生物膜"技术处理农业示范区分散污水,系统采用沉淀池和循环池交替回流技术,并对该工艺处理分散污水的效果进行应用研究。在平均处理量100 t/d,水力停留时间(HRT)为2.0 d,稳定运行2年结果表明:工艺对化学需要量(COD)、氨态氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)和固体悬浮物(SS)的去除率分别为64.9%、64.4%、72.0%和72.3%;出水COD、NH3-N、TP和SS的平均浓度分别为54.7,9.2,0.79,16.7 mg/L,出水符合GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放》中的一级B标准,符合分散污水处理要求。 相似文献
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清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,简称CDM)是《京都议定书》规定的3种温室气体减排途径之一,也是发展中国家唯一的参与温室气体减排的机制。本文以我国现阶段CDM项目发展现状为背景,具体针对内蒙古CDM项目现状及存在的问题(截止2010年9月7日)展开分析,提出内蒙古发展CDM项目的解决对策。 相似文献
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建立了一个全球碳排放贸易局部均衡模型(TRCW),用于分析中国实施清洁发展机制(CDM)的市场潜力和市场结构.模型结合相关国际协议的规定,考虑了美国的退出、碳汇项目、热空气规模、交易成本、适应性基金、垄断供给等现实因素.结果表明,在马拉喀什协议下,中国的CDM市场规模大大缩小,仅为61MtC/a,利润收入约1.5亿$/a,其中重工业和电力分别约占41%和20%左右;如果俄罗斯不出售其拥有的热空气,中国的CDM规模将提高67%;在CDM市场上中国几乎不存在垄断力量. 相似文献
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辽宁清洁发展机制(CDM)项目开发现状分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
清洁发展机制(CDM)是《京都议定书》确定的,是发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式,与发展中国家进行合作实现温室气体减排的一种合作机制。辽宁是工业大省,节能减排潜力巨大,具有良好的CDM项目发展潜力。总结了辽宁CDM项目开发现状,分析了CDM项目开发中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策和建议。 相似文献
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广西重点行业二氧化碳减排潜力分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为加快CDM项目的开发,以广西为试点,采用自下而上的方法针对其重点行业的二氧化碳减排潜力进行评价,具体地包括:高耗能工业(冶金、有色金属、建材、化工、制糖、造纸等)、电力(火电、水电、风电)、户用沼气池、木薯制燃料酒精、有机废液利用等。结果表明到2010年广西上述领域的碳减排潜力(以碳计)可达1623万t。为促进广西的可持续发展,不仅应在水电、风电、提高能效等已有方法学的领域积极开展CDM项目,还应加强其它领域如木薯制燃料酒精、户用沼气池等CDM方法学以及CDM项目的开发。 相似文献
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Qishe Yan Chang-Bo Zhou Peng Qu Rui-qin Zhang 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(8):793-804
The clean development mechanism (CDM), one of three flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, has received noticeable attention
in cement industry in china. In this paper we will discuss in past the utilization ratios of waste heat generated in cement
industry are at low level in China and at present it is at high level and how the CDM contributes to upgrade cement industry
structure. Making fully use of the opportunity brought by clean development mechanism can help cement enterprises in china
to recover the waste heat generated in the process of cement production. Implementing the development of clean development
mechanism projects in cement industry field, mainly focusing on waste heat for power generation projects, can not only reduce
environmental pollution, but also bring certain economic and social benefit. It is in favor of promoting the upgrade of cement
industrial structure, and will contribute to positive and far-reaching effect toward sustainable development of cement industry
in China. 相似文献
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能源供应安全视角下中印生物质能源利用的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国和印度是世界上两个人口最多的国家,中印两国作为世界上两个能源消费大国,如何满足众多人口和经济快速增长对能源的需求,以及提供安全的能源供应是中国和印度都在考虑并试图解决的紧迫问题,分析印度的生物能源利用政策对我国有重要的现实意义和参考价值。我国在1993年成为石油净进口国,1994年我国进口的原油仅为290×104t,进口依赖度为1.9%。到2009年我国石油净进口量为21 888.5×104t,进口原油的依赖度上升到了52.5%。我国日益增加的对国际石油市场的依赖对我国能源安全供应构成了极大的风险和挑战。我国在"十一五"期间,在生物质能源的利用上取得了很大的成绩。但还存在一些问题,主要问题是原料来源和成本不稳定、缺乏统筹规划、发电上网制度不完善、相关政策配套措施和实施细则不完善等因素在一定程度上影响了生物质能产业的发展。印度政府积极支持的生物质利用技术,包括利用清洁发展机制大量开发的生物质能CDM项目,这类项目大约占印度全部注册CDM项目的三分之一左右。印度从能源多元化供应的角度和扶持乡村可持续发展的角度上开发利用生物质能项目的实践是值得我国借鉴的。 相似文献
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Stephanie Byrom Sebastian Thomas Paul Dargusch 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(1):33-44
This paper addresses synergies between the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and considers how the CDM can facilitate the MDGs in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). To date, only 6 CDM projects have been registered in PICs, highlighting the ‘lose-lose’ business case that applies to this type of project development. This paper identifies constraints on and opportunities for CDM project development in PICs, and proposes a range of specific policy reform measures that could alter existing negative investment profiles. Key findings are that small-scale agricultural projects providing renewable energy from existing sources of biomass (currently seen as waste) are ideal candidates for CDM investment in PICs, and that the single most important reform to facilitate CDM activity and contribute to achieving the MDGs would be the implementation of a regional approach to CDM administration, in which a regional body became the designated CDM Authority for all states in the region. This would offset investment risk, improve governance transparency, and facilitate a targeted approach to sustainable development activities in the Pacific region. 相似文献
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The clean development mechanism (CDM) is a flexible mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, which makes it possible for developed countries to offset their emissions of greenhouse gases through investing in climate change mitigation projects in developing countries. When the mitigation benefit of a CDM project is quantified, measurable uncertainties arise that can be minimised using established statistical methods. In addition, some unmeasurable uncertainties arise, such as the rebound effect of demand-side energy efficiency projects. Many project types related to land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) have been excluded from the CDM in part because of the high degree of statistical uncertainty in measurements of the carbon sink and risk of non-permanence. However, recent discussions within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have opened up for the possibility of including more LULUCF activities in the future. In the light of this discussion, we highlight different aspects of uncertainties in LULUCF projects (e.g. the risk of non-permanence and the size of the carbon sink) in relation to other CDM project categories such as renewables and demand-side energy efficiency. We quantify the uncertainties, compare the magnitudes of the uncertainties in different project categories and conclude that uncertainties could be just as significant in CDM project categories such as renewables as in LULUCF projects. The CDM is a useful way of including and engaging developing countries in climate change mitigation and could be a good source of financial support for LULUCF mitigation activities. Given their enormous mitigation potential, we argue that additional LULUCF activities should be included in the CDM and other future climate policy instruments. Furthermore, we note that Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are currently being submitted to the UNFCCC by developing countries. Unfortunately, the under-representation of LULUCF in comparison to its potential is evident in the NAMAs submitted so far, just as it has been in the CDM. Capacity building under the CDM may influence NAMAs and there is a risk of transferring the view on uncertainties to NAMAs. 相似文献