湿法烟气脱硫工艺中烟气再热方式的选择

分析了湿法烟气脱硫烟气再热原因，介绍了多种烟气再热方法，并对其进行了技术分析，为湿法烟气脱硫工程的烟气再热系统设计提供了依据。     

湿法烟气脱硫工艺中烟气再热方式的选择

分析了湿法烟气脱硫烟气再热原因,介绍了多种烟气再热方法,并对其进行了技术分析,为湿法烟气脱硫工程的烟气再热系统设计提供了依据。     

烧结烟气污染物综合减排工艺分析

为解决钢铁企业烧结烟气污染问题，分析了烧结烟气的排放状况及其烧结烟气治理的现状，针对烧结烟气的特点，特别推荐了适合烧结机烟气治理的烧结污染物最大减排技术（Maximized Emission Reduction of Sintefing，简称MEROS工艺），介绍了该技术的工艺流程和特点，为烧结烟气污染治理提供了一种高效可靠的方法。     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化技术探讨及实践

焚烧城市固体垃圾所产生的烟气是一种含有有机化合物和无机化合物的复杂混合物。文章分析了垃圾焚烧烟气的产生与特性 ,探讨了一些典型垃圾焚烧厂的烟气净化方法 ,比选推荐了垃圾焚烧烟气净化的主工艺 ,以确保焚烧后烟气排放降低到最低水平 ,满足日趋严格的环保排放标准。介绍了生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气净化处理的最新实例     

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术种类较多。本文综合评述了各种烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术，重点介绍了电晕放电脱除烟气中NOx的最新研究成果。对燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术的研究和开发具有实用价值。     

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术种类较多.本文综合评述了各种烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术,重点介绍了电晕放电脱除烟气中NOx的最新研究成果.对燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术的研究和开发具有实用价值.     

用于臭氧氧化烟气脱硝与烟气余热回收的一体化实验台

锅炉烟气中的NO_x是大气污染的重要原因之一。针对燃气锅炉NOx超低排放的要求、以及烟气中大量余热被浪费的现状,提出了烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法,搭建了一体化实验台,在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,进行了采用臭氧氧化烟气脱硝、并同时回收烟气余热的实验研究。研究了O_3/NO摩尔比、液气比、碱液吸收对脱硝效果的影响,并对脱硝与余热回收的耦合关系进行了分析。在实验室实验的基础上,进一步进行了实际工程的中试研究。结果表明,烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化是可行的,实验台实验中,当烟气温度为83.0℃、喷淋水温度为46.4℃、液气比为14.8 m~3·L~(-1)、O_3/NO摩尔比为1.6时,脱硝率为30%,同时回收烟气余热量18.5 kW。     

半干法烟气脱硫除尘多级功能处理装置技术与应用

文中介绍了一种炉窑烟气调质、烟气除尘、烟气脱硫在一个单体结构中的一体化装置和在烟气除尘脱硫技术上的应用,并对该脱硫除尘装置与传统的半干法烟气脱硫除尘装置进行了比较。     

火电厂烟气脱硫产业化和运营市场化探讨

就国家有关经济政策对火电厂烟气脱硫的作用、烟气脱硫产业的发展和存在的问题及如何推向烟气脱硫设施的运营市场化进行了探讨。     

中国电力工业烟气脱硫的现状及发展趋势

研究我国电力工业燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫的现状及其发展趋势 ,包括我国电力工业大气SO2 污染状况 ,烟气脱硫现状 ,烟气脱硫综合经济技术评价 ,烟气脱硫技术的选择和烟气脱硫的发展趋势。研究与开发有针对性和较强应用前景的烟气脱硫技术 ,发展具有独立自主知识产权的烟气脱硫技术 ,是我国电力工业烟气脱硫技术及设备国产化的必经之路     

一种新型烟气脱硫技术在燃煤锅炉上的扩大试验

介绍了用硫化碱加TFS添加剂进行燃煤锅炉煤气脱硫并副产硫代硫酸钠的中试成果。     

Formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products in viticulture

Background, aim and scope  The use of sodium hypochlorite (HYP) in viticulture results in effluents which are contaminated with halogenated substances. These disinfection by-products (DBPs) can be quantified as group parameter ‘adsorbable organic halogens’ (AOX) and have not been determined in effluents of viticulture yet. The substances that are detected as AOX are unknown. The AOX can be composed of harmless substances, but even toxic contaminants. Thus, it is impossible to assess ecological impacts. The aim of this study is to determine the quantification of AOX and DBPs after the use of HYP. This will be helpful to reduce environmental pollution by AOX. Materials and methods  The potential of HYP to generate AOX was determined in laboratory-scale experiments. Different model solutions were treated with HYP according to disinfection processes in viticulture and conditions of AOX formation in effluents were simulated. AOX were quantified using the flask-shaking method and identified DBPs were investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results  Treatment with HYP resulted in the formation of AOX. The percentage conversion of HYP to AOX was up to 11%. Most important identified DBPs in viticulture are chloroform, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetaldehyde. In addition, the formation of carbon tetrachloride (CT), 1,1,1-trichloropropanone, 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2-chloro-/2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid was investigated. It was demonstrated that reaction temperature, concentration of HYP and type of organic matter have important influence on the formation of chlorinated DBPs. Discussion  The percentage conversion of HYP to AOX was similar to other published studies. Although a correlation of single compounds and AOX is difficult, chloroform was the predominant AOX. Generation of the volatile chloroform should be avoided due to possible adverse effects. The generation of dichloroacetic acid is of minor importance on account of biodegradation. Trichloroacetaldehyde and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone are weak mutagens and their formation should be avoided. Conclusions  The generation of AOX and chlorinated DBPs can be minimised by reducing the concentrations of the organic materials in the effluents. The removal of organic matter before disinfection results in a decreased formation of AOX. HYP is an effective disinfectant; therefore, it should be used at low temperatures and concentrations to reduce the amount of AOX. If possible, disinfection should be accomplished by the use of no chlorine-containing agents. By this means, negative influences of HYP on the quality of wine can also be avoided. Recommendations and perspectives  Our results indicate that HYP has a high potential to form AOX in effluents of viticulture. The predominant by-products are chloroform, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetaldehyde. In further research, wastewaters from a winery and the in- and outflows of two sewage treatment plants were sampled during vintage and analysed. These results will be discussed in a following paper.     

不同絮凝剂处理焦化废水的研究

相同条件下用3种常用的聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂（PASS，PZSS，PFSC）和高铁酸钠（Na2FeO4）处理焦化废水，实验结果表明，除聚硅酸铝在去浊方面优于高铁酸钠外，高铁酸钠无论在CODCr、色度去除率及固体悬浮物生成量等方面均优于聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂。     

活性炭吸附有机蒸气过程中的初始浓度测定

以PTA生产尾气为实验体系，讨论了在活性炭对有机气体动态吸附过程中，有机气体初始浓度的三种测定方法，即气相色谱法、吸附称量法和气体方程计算法。结果得出，吸附称量法误差最小，其次是气体方程计算法，误差最大的是气相色谱法。     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的实验研究

研究了进口气体中苯乙烯浓度、气体流量和液体流量等3个因素对生物膜填料塔净化苯乙烯废气的影响.研究结果表明,当进口气体中苯乙烯浓度为1000 mg/m3以下、气体流量为200L/h、循环液流量为10L/h的操作条件下,废气中苯乙烯的去除率可达90%以上.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的实验研究

研究了进口气体中苯乙烯浓度、气体流量和液体流量等3个因素对生物膜填料塔净化苯乙烯废气的影响。研究结果表明，当进口气体中苯乙烯浓度为1000mg／m^3以下、气体流量为200L／h、循环液流量为10L／h的操作条件下，废气中苯乙烯的去除率可达90％以上。     

Nitrogen as an indicator of mass transfer during in-situ gas sparging

Aiming at the stimulation of intrinsic microbial activity, pulses of pure oxygen or pressurized air were recurrently injected into groundwater polluted with chlorobenzene. To achieve well-controlled conditions and intensive sampling, a large, vertical underground tank was filled with the local unconfined sandy aquifer material. In the course of two individual gas injections, one using pure oxygen and one using pressurized air, the mass transfer of individual gas species between trapped gas phase and groundwater was studied. Field data on the dissolved gas composition in the groundwater were combined with a kinetic model on gas dissolution and transport in porous media. Phase mass transfer of individual gas components caused a temporary enrichment of nitrogen, and to a lower degree of methane, in trapped gas leading to the formation of excess dissolved nitrogen levels downgradient from the dissolving gas phase. By applying a novel gas sampling method for dissolved gases in groundwater it was shown that dissolved nitrogen can be used as a partitioning tracer to indicate complete gas dissolution in porous media.     

离子液体R_3NANR_3的制备及其脱硫性能

以二元酸和短链叔胺为原料,合成了已二酸三乙胺盐离子液体———R3NANR3。对该离子液体进行SO2气体的循环吸收和解吸行为的研究。实验结果表明,R3NANR3离子液体能对SO2气体进行有效的化学吸收。该吸收过程分二步进行,以第一步吸收为主。室温下（20℃）该离子液体在3 h以内吸收速率较快,3 h后吸收速率减慢并逐渐达到平衡。R3NANR3离子液体与SO2气体饱和吸收量的物质的量之比为1.08。较高温度将导致SO2气体的解吸,在90℃时饱和吸收液能较充分地解吸,残留量为0.0010 mol/L。多次吸收和解吸测试表明,R3NANR3离子液体能实现对SO2气体的循环吸收和分离,将成为烟气中SO2气体的脱除和利用的重要循环吸收剂。     

HPLC determination of chlorate metabolism in bovine ruminal fluid

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are two bacteria that are important causes of human and animal disease worldwide. Chlorate is converted in the cell to chlorite, which is lethal to these bacteria. An HPLC procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of chlorate (ClO₃ ^?), nitrate (NO₃ ^?), and nitrite (NO₂ ^?) ions in bovine ruminal fluid samples. Standard curves for chlorite, nitrite, nitrate, and chlorate were well defined linear curves with R² values of 0.99846, 0.99106, 0.99854, and 0.99138, respectively. Concentrations of chlorite could not be accurately determined in bovine ruminal fluid because chlorite reacts with or binds a component(s) or is reduced to chloride in bovine ruminal fluid resulting in low chlorite measurements. A standard curve ranging from 25 to 150 ppm ClO₃ ^? ion was used to measure chlorate fortified into ruminal fluid. The concentration of chlorate was more rapidly lowered (P < 0.01) under anaerobic compared to aerobic incubation conditions. Chlorate alone or chlorate supplemented with the reductants sodium lactate or glycerol were bactericidal in anaerobic incubations. In anaerobic culture, the addition of sodium formate to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid appeared to decrease chlorate concentrations; however, formate also appeared to moderate the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli. Addition of the reductants, glycerol or lactate, to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid did not increase the killing of E. coli at 24 h, but may be useful when the reducing equivalents are limiting as in waste holding reservoirs or composting systems required for intense animal production.     

A characterization of solution gas flaring in Alberta

Information reported here is the result of a detailed analysis of data on flared and vented solution gas in the Province of Alberta in 1999. A goal of characterizing these flares was to aid in the improved management of solution gas flaring. In total, 4499 oil and bitumen batteries reported flaring or venting with a combined gas volume of 1.42 billion m3. There was significant site-to-site variation in volumes of gas flared or vented, gas composition, and flare design. Approximately 5% of physical batteries generate 35.7% of the gas flared and vented from oil and bitumen batteries. Therefore, if one were to attempt to mitigate flaring, significant progress could be made by starting with only the largest sites. The monthly variability of gas volumes was considered because high variability could affect implementation of alternative technologies. It was found that slightly more than 40% of the sites were reasonably steady and had monthly deviations of 100% or less from the average flared volume. The variability in monthly volumes was less for the larger batteries. Data from individual well sites show significant variability in the relative concentrations of each of the major species contained in solution gas.