共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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Emilio Ortega Belén Martín Encarnación Gonzalez Eduardo Moreno 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(2):302-319
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure should predict and identify the major impacts of a project development that may cause specific spatial and temporal effects. Early in the EIA, the scoping stage provides all the relevant information on the impacts of the project alternatives. In particular, potential effects on the territorial network such as habitat connectivity loss and accessibility improvements should be taken into account in the various proposed layout alternatives when evaluating transport infrastructure projects. However, several authors have identified deficiencies in practice. The aim of this article is to provide a methodology for the assessment of these territorial impacts using adequate indicators in the early stages of the EIA procedure.
The proposed method is based on a comparison of a range of alternative layouts for a railway line linking two population centres, using indicators calculated with geographic information systems. The methodology was applied to a case study – the rail link between Huelva (Spain) and Faro (Portugal) – and the high speed rail (HSR) and conventional rail were evaluated in different layouts. The method was effective in spatially identifying significant impacts on accessibility improvements, which occurred closer to the cross border area. The conventional railway alternatives have similar accessibility values to the HSR. The results also reveal that connectivity loss is not limited to the area around the infrastructure, but extends throughout the territory. The results are at variance with the initiative proposed by Spanish and Portuguese transport decision-makers, and raise the possibility of selecting a conventional railway option. An adequate territorial evaluation methodology enables the new action to be correctly assessed, and supplies the information required to propose the most suitable alternative from a socio-economic and environmental standpoint, regardless of whether this proposal was initially included in the transport policy. 相似文献
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Diamantino Insua Pereira Paulo Pereira José Brilha Leonardo Santos 《Environmental management》2013,52(3):541-552
Geodiversity is considered as the natural range of geological, geomorphological, and soil features, including their assemblages, relationships, properties, interpretations, and systems. A method developed for the quantitative assessment of geodiversity was applied to Paraná, a Brazilian state with an area of about 200,000 km2. The method is based on the overlay of a grid over different maps at scales ranging from 1/500,000 to 1/650,000, with the final Geodiversity Index the sum of five partial indexes calculated on a 25 × 25 km grid. The partial indexes represent the main components of geodiversity, including geology (stratigraphy and lithology), geomorphology, paleontology, and soils. The fifth partial index covers mineral occurrences of geodiversity, such precious stones and metals, energy and industrial minerals, mineral waters, and springs. The Geodiversity Index takes the form of an isoline map that can be used as a tool in land-use planning, particularly in identifying priority areas for conservation, management, and use of natural resources at the state level. 相似文献
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Charnay B 《Environmental management》2011,48(1):189-197
In the last fifty years, many mountain watersheds in temperate countries have known a progressive change from self-standing
agro-silvo-pastoral systems to leisure dominated areas characterized by a concentration of tourist accommodations, leading
to a drinking water peak during the winter tourist season, when the water level is lowest in rivers and sources. The concentration
of water uses increases the pressure on “aquatic habitats” and competition between uses themselves. Consequently, a new concept
was developed following the international conferences in Dublin (International Conference on Water and the Environment – ICWE)
and Rio de Janeiro (UN Conference on Environment and Development), both in 1992, and was broadly acknowledged through international
and European policies. It is the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). It meets the requirements of different uses of water and aquatic zones whilst preserving the natural functions of such
areas and ensuring a satisfactory economic and social development. This paper seeks to evaluate a local water resources management
system in order to implement it using IWRM in mountain watersheds. The assessment method is based on the systemic approach
to take into account all components influencing a water resources management system at the watershed scale. A geographic information
system was built to look into interactions between water resources, land uses, and water uses. This paper deals specifically
with a spatial comparison between hydrologically sensitive areas and land uses. The method is applied to a French Alps watershed:
the Giffre watershed (a tributary of the Arve in Haute-Savoie). The results emphasize both the needs and the gaps in implementing
IWRM in vulnerable mountain regions. 相似文献
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Annette Watson 《Environmental management》2013,52(5):1085-1102
Governments, NGOs, and natural scientists have increased research and policy-making collaborations with Indigenous peoples for governing natural resources, including official co-management regimes. However, there is continuing dissatisfaction with such collaborations, and calls for better communication and mutual learning to create more “adaptive” co-management regimes. This, however, requires that both Western and Indigenous knowledge systems be equal participants in the “co-production” of regulatory data. In this article, I examine the power dynamics of one co-management regulatory regime, conducting a multi-sited ethnography of the practices of researching and managing one transnational migratory species, greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis), who nest where Koyukon Athabascans in Alaska, USA, practice subsistence. Analyzing the ethnographic data through the literatures of critical geography, science studies and Indigenous Studies, I describe how the practice of researching for co-management can produce conflict. “Scaling” the data for the co-management regime can marginalize Indigenous understandings of human–environment relations. While Enlightenment-based practices in wildlife biology avoid “anthropomorphism,” Indigenous Studies describes identities that operate through non-modern, deeply imbricated human–nonhuman identities that do not separate “nature” and “society” in making knowledge. Thus, misunderstanding the “nature” of their collaborations causes biologists and managers to measure and research the system in ways that erase how subsistence-based Indigenous groups already “manage” wildlife: by living through their ethical commitments to their fellow beings. At the end of the article, I discuss how managers might learn from these ontological and epistemological differences to better “co-produce” data for co-management. 相似文献
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Sediment Quality Assessment in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea) Using Complementary Lines of Evidence
Roberta Bettinetti Silvana Galassi Jerzy Falandysz Marina Camusso Davide A. L. Vignati 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1313-1320
Sediments from Polish coastal environments were classified by a quality assessment approach that took into account trace metal
and organic micropollutant concentrations, grain-size distribution, and organic carbon content. Generally, no benthic organisms
were found at sites where sediments were classified as heavily polluted. However, areas characterized by a moderate contamination
showed a variable composition of the benthic community and changing bioaccumulation patterns; therefore, no single species
found in the Gulf of Gdańsk could be considered representative of the whole benthic environment. Although sediment monitoring
must be considered a suitable tool to detect hot-spot pollution areas in coastal and inland waters, it should be complemented
by bioaccumulation measurements to evaluate the actual risk posed by contaminants to benthic organisms. This “biological information”
allows a better appreciation of the real benthic infaunal community exposure to chemicals and can usefully complement the
existing sediment quality guidelines. 相似文献
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Bradley Bereitschaft 《Local Environment》2017,22(7):859-879
This study examines the spatial and statistical relationships between social vulnerability (SV) and neighbourhood walkability across three large U.S. cities with different urban typologies and development patterns: Charlotte, NC (a low-density, fast-growing “Sunbelt” city); Pittsburgh, PA (a moderate density, shrinking “Rust Belt” city); and Portland, OR (a progressive West Coast city known for its sprawl-containment policies). Binary logistic regression, independent-samples t-tests, and mapping techniques are employed to determine whether neighbourhoods with high SV (i.e. older populations, higher poverty rates, more service occupations, lower educational attainment, and a higher proportion of minorities) are as likely as those with low SV to exhibit a high degree of walkability. The publically available Walk Score® metric, based on proximity to amenities, street network connectivity, and density, was used as a proxy for neighbourhood walkability. The results indicate significant variability among cities, with Charlotte exhibiting the greatest potential for inequitable access to walkable urban environments and the most prominent concentration of “walk-vulnerable” block groups (BGs) with high SV and low walkability. Both Portland and Pittsburgh exhibited more equitable access when comparing BGs with high and low SV; however, they each presented unique spatial patterns, visualised using a series of maps. 相似文献
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Johan De Tavernier 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(4):383-388
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