共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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新农药硫肟醚在土壤中的降解 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在实验室条件下对新农药硫肟醚[o-(3-苯氧苄基)-2-甲硫基-1-(4-氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚]在不同地区土壤中的降解动态进行了研究.结果表明,硫肟醚在土壤中的降解遵循一级动力学方程.硫肟醚在非灭菌与灭菌长沙粉砂质黏土中的降解速率常数(k)分别为8.106×10-3和1.630×10-3,半衰期分别为85.5d和425.2d,微生物对硫肟醚在土壤中的降解具有显著的影响.硫肟醚在3种土壤中的降解速率大小依次为湖南永州重黏土>甘肃天水黏土>辽宁沈阳粉砂质黏土,其降解半衰期分别为46.1,63.8,70.0d,降解速率常数分别为1.503×10-2,1.087×10-2,9.904×10-3.根据国内农药在土壤中的残留期划分标准,硫肟醚属于较易降解类农药. 相似文献
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敌草快在水溶液中的光解动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
常温常压条件下,用500 w高压汞灯和太阳光分别照射处理敌草快水溶液,考察光照和初始浓度对敌草快在水溶液中光降解的影响。研究表明,分别用500 w高压汞灯和太阳光照射下,敌草快的光解反应均符合一级动力学规律,降解半衰期分别为0.11 d和240.63 d;敌草快的初始浓度越大,其光解率越小,光解率与其初始浓度呈负相关。 相似文献
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常温条件下,用400W高压汞灯和太阳光分别照射处理异丙草胺水溶液,考察光照和初始浓度对异丙草胺在水溶液中光降解的影响研究表明,太阳光照射下,异丙草胺的光解反应符合一级动力学规律,降解速率相对很小,在石英试管中1h的光解率只有5.5%;汞灯照射条件下异丙草胺的光解过程可用双室降解模式来描述,1h时的光解率可达80.9%;异丙草胺的初始浓度越大,其光解率越小,降解产物的生成影响异丙草胺本身的光解进程.运用GC-MS技术鉴定出异丙草胺的主要光解产物有6种,光解过程中苯环保持完好,并推测了异丙草胺的光解反应机理. 相似文献
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有机磷农药在土壤环境中的降解转化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
有机磷农药是世界上应用最广泛的农药种类之一。有机磷农药是属于比较容易降解,而且对环境污染较小的一类农药,从有机磷农药的性质出发,着重讨论了有机磷农药的水解,光解和微生物降解等,在土壤中的主要降解转化过程。 相似文献
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从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤-水环境中的化学行为:一是土壤对该药的吸附,结果表明,吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关,Freundlich常数k_f=0.94W_(OM)+0.65W_(CLAY)-9.59pH(r ̄2=0.94);二是吸附机理研究,发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物,并证实了与Cu ̄(2+)形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性;三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性,不易水解;四是它在<350nm的光辐照下,易脱羧转化,速度较快,光解产物有较好的稳定性。 相似文献
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小球藻对新杀虫剂HNPC-A9908的富集与降解 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
HNPC-A9908[O-(3-苯氧苄基)-2-甲硫基-1-(4-氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚]是国家南方农药创制中心湖南基地研制成功的具有自主知识产权的一种新型杀虫剂.作者研究了蛋白核小球藻对HNPC-A9908的富集与降解.结果表明,蛋白核小球藻具有降解HNPC-A9908的能力,在20,100,400mg/L的浓度下,5d内HNPC-A9908的降解率分别为90.50%、66.02%和43.19%,日平均降解速率分别为3.60,13.20,34.55mg/L,其降解动力学方程可用二级反应动力学方程很好地拟合,拟合度达到83%以上.此外,蛋白核小球藻对HNPC-A9908也具有一定的富集能力,当浓度为20,100,400mg/L时达到最大富集的时间分别为24,48,48h,富集量分别为11.58,15.15,16.42mg/gFW,此后随时间的延长而逐步降低. 相似文献
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Zhongbin Lu Zhiguang Hou Xiumei Wang Siwei Wang Yanyan Shang Xing Yuan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(11):1774-1778
HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself. 相似文献
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HNPC-A9908 (o-(3-phenoxybenzyl)-2-methylthio-1-(4-chlorophenyl) propyl ketone oxime), a novel oxime insecticide, is a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide which can be widely used to control many species of foliar insects on various crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the fate of HNPC-A9908 and study the degradation dynamics of HNPC-A9908 residue in vegetable field ecosystem. The results showed that degradation of HNPC-A9908 was much faster in vegetable pakchoi than in soil, and its half-life in pakchoi and soil was 1.32 and 3.75 d, respectively. The final residue of HNPC-A9908 in pakchoi was at the undetectable level to 0.122 mg/kg. As a conclusion, a dosage of 90 g/hm^2 was suggested and considered to be safe to human beings and animals. 相似文献
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Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5–9. The PAEsolutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation ratevia hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan.The e ciency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-nbutylphthalate (DBP), at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was consideredto contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of diisononylphthalate (DINP) catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completelyremoved during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life (t1=2) obtained in the experiments, theabiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence: DINP (32–140 d) > DBP (50–360 d), BBP (58–480 d) > DEHP (390–1600 d)under sunlight irradiation (via photolysis plus hydrolysis). Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are muchlower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic oralkaline condition. 相似文献
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以气相甲苯为对象,研究其在波长为254 nm紫外光下的光氧化降解反应.同时,考察了甲苯初始浓度、光强和相对湿度对甲苯转化率的影响,分析了甲苯降解中间产物的生成机理.结果表明,随着甲苯初始浓度的增加,甲苯转化率缓慢下降;随着光照强度的增强,甲苯转化率逐渐增加;而提高相对湿度,甲苯转化率则为先升高后降低.在甲苯降解动力学分析中发现其光氧化降解过程符合伪一级反应动力学,且表观速率常数与光照强度成正比.通过对甲苯降解中间产物的分析,发现随着光照强度的增加,含苯环物质的降解更为充分,乙醇、乙酸等的相对含量逐渐增加,苯甲醇、苯甲醛缩二甲醇等的含量逐渐降低,在此基础上提出了甲苯生成含苯环产物及开环生成2-戊酮等的降解机理. 相似文献
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DSA类电极催化降解硝基苯动力学及机理的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
用新兴的电化学催化系统,以特殊工艺自制的DSA类电极作阳极,对模拟硝基苯废水进行了降解处理,得出了该试验范围内的最佳条件,降解过程符合一级反应模型.根据分析,推测硝基苯分子主要先被阴极产生的H还原为亚硝基苯、苯胺等,然后再扩散到阳极附近被HO*氧化为偶氮苯、氧化偶氮苯等,最后进一步氧化开环,生成苯基丁二酸等酸类物质以至二氧化碳,同时硝基苯分子也可以直接在阳极附近得到氧化生成2-硝基苯酚.最后,对硝基苯的降解途径进行了描述. 相似文献
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采用乙酸作为臭氧氧化降解土霉素(OTC)的介质,考察了臭氧/OTC初始投加量比、臭氧流量、自由基抑制剂叔丁醇(TBA)、金属离子等因素对OTC降解效果的影响.结果表明,臭氧在乙酸水溶液中有较好的稳定性和溶解度;OTC在乙酸溶液中具有较高的去除率和反应降解速率;随着OTC/臭氧初始投加量比的增加,OTC在乙酸中去除率明显减小;适当的臭氧流量,有利于OTC去除率的提高;添加叔丁醇能够明显抑制OTC在乙酸体系中的氧化降解,表明乙酸中同时存在直接臭氧氧化和间接臭氧氧化反应;当反应体系中存在Fe3+和Co2+时,OTC的氧化降解明显受到抑制. 相似文献