共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
建立了环境水样中三氯卡班(TCC)的预处理和测定方法。考察了3种固相萃取(SPE)小柱、5种洗脱液对TCC回收率的影响。结果表明,采用ENVI-18 SPE小柱、以乙酸乙酯/乙腈(1:1)为洗脱液、高效液相色谱仪-紫外检测器(HPLC-UV)检测,以蒸馏水为背景溶液TCC的加标回收率高达95%,仪器检出限与定量限分别为2.37与7.89μg/L。该方法用于实际环境水样,TCC加标浓度1~10μg/L,污水厂进水、出水与地表水中TCC的加标回收率分别在89.38%~96.90%、87.74%~94.34%与83.64%~94.61%之间,表明所建立的SPE-HPLC法适合城市生活污水和地表水中痕量TCC的检测。运用该方法测定实际环境水样中的TCC含量,集美污水处理厂进水与出水中TCC浓度分别为1.35与0.22μg/L;华大污水厂进水与出水中TCC浓度分别为1.05与0.53μg/L;白鹭湖水样中的TCC浓度为1.11μg/L。 相似文献
3.
The work aims to characterise PCDDs/Fs in environmental matrices by high resolution gas chromatography coupled to low resolution quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry (GC-QITMS/MS). In particular, the study was mainly focused in different environmental samples such as sewage sludge, soils, and sediments and in combustion residues as fly ashes. Previous experiences have already detected and quantified PCDDs/PCDFs in all matrices studied. Moreover, isomer-specific analysis of 2,3,7,8-PCDDs/Fs compounds corroborated good correlation between GC-QITMS/MS and a well-established technique such as high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Finally, QC measures included the participation in intercalibration exercises. Successful results were achieved using GC-QITMS/MS in the analysis of fly ashes, soils and sediment materials. In general, GC-QITMS/MS constitutes an interesting alternative for routine analysis of dioxins in such as matrices. 相似文献
4.
A method for the analysis of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) has been developed. It is based on a simple clean-up procedure using activated carbon and a mass fragmentographic analysis using the negative ions formed during chemical ionization (NCI). Unlike the technical PCN products we have analyzed, a few isomerides containing four to six chlorine atoms dominate the PCN pattern in the environmental samples. The levels found in samples of biota from fresh water and marine environments in Sweden were between 3 and 62 ng PCN per gram lipid. 相似文献
5.
6.
Manabe S Wada O Morita M Izumikawa S Asakuno K Suzuki H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1992,75(3):301-305
The carcinogenic amino-alpha-carbolines, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole and AalphaC, have been measured in airborne particles, rain water, soil and cigarette-smoke-polluted indoor air by high-performance liquid chromatography. These carcinogens were found in all kinds of environmental samples examined, although MeAalphaC was not detected in soil. Considering the present results, together with the previous findings that these carcinogens were present in foodstuffs, cigarette smoke and diesel-exhaust particles, amino-alpha-carbolines are likely to be ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Our data also support the hypothesis that amino-alpha-carbolines are formed through combustion of various materials such as food, grass and petroleum. 相似文献
7.
Dioxins and dioxin-like (DL) compounds are some of the most toxic chemicals being highly persistent in the environment. The toxicological effects of dioxins are mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Compounds of diverse structure and lipophility can bind and activate AhR. The AhR transactivation bioassay is utilized in an array of projects to study the AhR-mediated activities of individual chemicals and mixtures and for epidemiological purposes.This review summarizes a series of studies regarding the DL-activity of single compounds and complex compound mixtures in the environment and humans.We found that some pesticides, plasticizers and phytoestrogens can activate the AhR, and the combined effect of compounds with no or weak AhR potency cannot be ignored.The significant DL-activity in the wastewater effluent indicates the treatment is not sufficient to prevent contamination of surface waters with dioxins. Our results from human studies suggest that the serum DL-activity reflect the complex mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Greenlandic Inuit had lower serum DL-activity level compared to Europeans, probably due to long distance from the dioxin sources and UV degradation of the high potent dioxin and/or the inhibitory effect of the high level of non-DL POPs. Selective bioaccumulation of PCBs in the food chain may contribute to the negative correlation between serum POPs and DL-activity observed in Greenlandic Inuit.Hence the AhR transactivation bioassay provides a cost-effective and integrated screening tool for measurement of the DL-activity in human, environmental and commercial samples. 相似文献
8.
Adsorption of anionic and nonionic surfactant mixtures from synthetic detergents on soils 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Adsorption of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, SDBS) and nonionic surfactant (an alcohol ethoxylates with 12 carbons and 9 oxyethyl groups, A12E9) mixtures, widely used as the major constituents of synthetic detergents in China and become the most common pollutants in the environment, on soils was conducted to investigate the behavior of mixed surfactants in soils. The effects of addition order and mixing ratios of two surfactants, associated with pH and ion strength in solutions, on adsorptions were considered. The results show that saturated adsorption amount of SDBS and A12E9 on soils decreased respectively when A12E9 was added into soils firstly compared with that secondly, possibly resulting from the screening of A12E9 to part adsorption sites on soils and the hydrocarbon chain-chain interactions between SDBS and A12E9. The adsorption of SDBS and A12E9 on soils was enhanced each other at pre-plateau region of isotherms. At plateau region of isotherms, the adsorption of SDBS on soils decreased with the increase of molar fraction of A12E9 in mixed surfactant solutions, while that of A12E9 increased except the molar ratio of SDBS to A12E9 0.0:1.0. With the increase of pH in mixed surfactant solutions, adsorption amount of SDBS and A12E9 on soils decreased, respectively. The reduction of ion strength in soils resulted in the decrease of adsorption amount of SDBS and A12E9 on soils, respectively. 相似文献
9.
The inhibitory effect of aniline in photochemical smog reactions was studied using actual Toronto air samples. An aniline concentration of 0.81 pphm had negligible effect in a light traffic air sample containing negligible NO, whereas 20 pphm in a heavy traffic sample caused a 70% decrease in the oxidant dosage, a 50% decrease in the NO2 peak and a four-fold increase in the NO half-life. In experiments with propylene in synthetic mixtures, the half-life of propylene was increased from 144 min. to 192 min. by the present of 20 pphm of aniline. In addition, a thirty-fold increase in condensation nuclei was produced following a one hour induction period. A chemical mechanism is proposed which is consistent with these results. Although the condensation nuclei detected may be too small to produce light scattering, they may be retained in the lung. In addition they may grow in size. These consequences do not favour the use of aniline as an inhibitor in photochemical smog. 相似文献
10.
Computerized methodologies for the quantification of total PCBs, PCB in Aroclor mixtures and individual PCB congeners in environmental samples are presented. The method for total PCBs is based on a multiple-linear regression analysis using data from capillary gas chromatography of Arocolor standards. PCB congeners were identified and their weight percentages determined in Aroclor mixtures by GC/MS. PCB congeners and total PCBs were accurately quantified in predetermined test data and environmental samples. 相似文献
11.
In order to isolate novel bacteria able to degrade alpha-halocarboxylic acids a variety of culturing strategies were implemented. Eight pure cultures were obtained and were found to be associated with the Gram negative Proteobacteria and the Gram positive Bacillus and Enterococcus genera. Furthermore, several strains were obtained which were able to degrade the DL-halocarboxylic acids anaerobically. Molecular analysis of the pure cultures led us to conclude that they may possess novel enzymes involved in the biodegradation of the alpha-halocarboxylic acids. These results are the first for nearly 40 years to describe the isolation of Gram positive isolates on an alpha-halocarboxylic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy, which also show the ability to de-toxify the test substrate by releasing chloride. 相似文献
12.
Fowler B 《Chemosphere》2000,41(4):487-492
A method is described for the analysis of toxaphene in environmental samples by high resolution gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry in selected ion electron capture negative ion mode. Toxaphene is detected by monitoring [M-Cl]- fragments ions of chlorobornanes (Cl6-Cl10) and chlorobornenes (Cl6-Cl7) using formal ion ratio criteria. The method shows high sensitivity and excellent specificity for the detection of chlorobornanes with negligible interference from of a wide range of common environmental organochlorines including chlordanes, PCBs and PCB-oxygen adducts. The analytical scheme is applicable to sediment and biological tissue samples and typically provide sample detection limits of less than 0.2 ng/g technical toxaphene for a 10 g sample. 相似文献
13.
14.
Saktrakulkla Panithi Dhakal Ram C. Lehmler Hans-Joachim Hornbuckle Keri C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(9):8859-8871
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are oxidative metabolites of PCBs and residuals found in original Aroclors. OH-PCBs are known to play... 相似文献
15.
Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) in sediment, soil, and fly ash samples collected in Japan were analyzed and their dioxin-like endocrine-disruption potential and photodegradability investigated. PCDTs were detected in all three types of sample, although the concentrations were lower than those of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). An Ah-immunoassay confirmed that 2,3,7,8-TeCDT, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDT, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDT, and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDT had Ah receptor-binding activities, which means that these PCDTs have the potential to cause dioxin-like endocrine-disruption. Photodegradation of PCDTs by UV irradiation was accompanied by dechlorination. The photodegradation rates of 2,3,7,8-TeCDT and OCDT were lower than the rates for the corresponding PCDF isomers (2,3,7,8-TeCDF and OCDF), which indicates that PCDTs are more stable than PCDFs to photodegradation. 相似文献
16.
Dariusz Guziejewski Mariola Brycht Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Sylwia Smarzewska Witold Ciesielski Sławomira Skrzypek 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):550-556
The electrochemical behavior of new generation fungicide acibenzolar-s-methyl (S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate, ASM) on the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was investigated using square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. This method of determination is based on the irreversible reduction of ASM at the HMDE. The well-defined ASM peak was observed at ?0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in BR buffer at pH 2.2. The reduction peak current was proportional to concentration of ASM from 1.0 × 10?8 to 6.0 × 10?8 mol L?1 with detection and quantification limit 3.0 × 10?9 and 1.0 × 10?8 mol L?1, respectively. The applicability of the developed method for analysis of spiked samples of tap water, river water, and soil is illustrated. The effect of adsorption on the mercury electrode was studied in detail using the AC impedance method. Possible interferences with other common pesticides and heavy metal ions were examined. Clarification of the electrode mechanism was made using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. 相似文献
17.
Speciation of inorganic arsenic in alimentary and environmental aqueous samples by using derivative anodic stripping chronopotentiometry (dASCP) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The purpose of this research was to develop a sensitive and accurate chronopotentiometric method at a gold film electrode, to determine trace and ultra trace levels of As(III) and As(V) in alimentary and environmental water systems. As(III) was directly determined in the aqueous matrix at a deposition potential of -300 mV for 180 s and at a constant anodic current of 2.5 microA, without any sample pre-treatment; moreover the chronopotentiometric method did not require a time-consuming de-oxygenation step prior to the analysis. A 3M HCl solution was chosen as the best stripping medium. The direct analysis of As(V) required the application of a high negative over-potential and, thus, measurements were characterized by poor reproducibility; therefore As(V) was determined after reduction to As(III) with KI in a strong hydrochloric acid solution. Under the optimised electrochemical conditions, detection limits of 0.08 microg As(III) l(-1) were achieved and no significant interferences from Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and organic substances were observed. As(V) was the most abundant species in all the studied environmental and alimentary aqueous matrices. Amongst the beverages, tea and coffee presented the As(V) highest concentration ranges (934-1740 microg l(-1) and 850-1290 microg l(-1), respectively) while bottled mineral water the lowest (<1.61 microg l(-1)); whereas As(III) levels lower than 5.0 microg l(-1) were detected only in wine samples. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
The profiles of chlorinated terpenes in Finnish environmental samples were compared by GLC-SIM technique with those of toxaphene and Eastern European “dark”. The profiles in the seal blubber in the Northern and in the Eastern Baltic Sea proved to be similar. Chlorinated terpenes were found to be present in Finnish human milk.The spent bleach liquor of pine kraft pulp mill contained components having similar retention times and responses to those from toxaphene components. 相似文献