电凝聚法对活性红241染料废水脱色实验的研究

通过实验研究了铁阳极电凝聚法对活性红241废水的脱色处理效果,考察了电流密度、染料溶液初始pH值、电介质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度对染料脱色效率的影响,结果表明:在一定实验条件下活性红241模拟废水的脱色效率达97%;电流强度、染料浓度、电解液初始pH值、电解液温度、电解质的浓度及种类对脱色效率均有不同程度的影响;以铁为阳极的原位电凝聚处理活性红241模拟废水混凝过程中主要作用机理以吸附电性中和为主;电凝聚过程中活性红241发生了阴极还原反应.     

UV/氯降解铜络合物的特性与机理

本研究选取Cu-EDTA、Cu-NTA、Cu-柠檬酸和Cu-酒石酸4种典型的铜络合物来探讨UV/氯工艺在酸性和中性条件下降解重金属络合污染物的潜力,并以Cu-EDTA为代表物详细考察了[NaClO]_0/[Cu]_0(物质的量比)、初始溶液pH值和NO~-_3、SO■等共存物质对UV/氯破络性能的影响.结果表明,UV/氯对多种铜络合物具有高效的氧化破络能力,可将Cu浓度从初始的19.2 mg·L~(-1)降至1.0 mg·L~(-1)以下.在[NaClO]_0/[Cu]_0为60、初始溶液pH为3.0～5.0的条件下, UV/氯对Cu-EDTA的破络效果较好,Cu和TOC的去除率分别高于95%和70%,但共存的NO~-_3、SO■、Ca~(2+)和NOM对Cu-EDTA的破络有一定抑制作用.自由基捕获实验和竞争动力学研究结果表明,UV/氯通过HO·和Cl·两者的共同作用实现Cu-EDTA破络,在pH=5.0时的贡献分别为60%和40%.产物鉴定结果证明,Cu-EDTA降解为N—C键逐步断裂的脱羧过程,其中,—N—(CH_2—COOH)_2和—N—CH_2—CH_2—N—基团上的N—C键断开生成Cu-ED3A和Cu-NTA,分别贡献约80%和20%.UV/氯对实际络合铜废水仍具有良好的处理效果,Cu浓度由初始的20.4 mg·L~(-1)降至约1.0 mg·L~(-1).     

UV/Cl工艺对三氯生的去除与降解机理研究

对UV/Cl高级氧化工艺降解水中广谱抗菌剂三氯生（TCS）进行研究,对比单一UV、单一Cl和UV/Cl工艺对TCS的去除效果.考察UV光强、余氯初始浓度、溶液pH值和氨氮浓度等因素对反应的影响,探究TCS在UV/Cl工艺中的降解机理,评估其生态风险.结果表明,与单一UV、单一Cl相比,TCS在UV/Cl工艺中降解效果较好,反应符合准一级反应动力学,降解速率常数随UV光强、余氯初始浓度增大而增大,随NH₄⁺-N浓度的增加而减小.基于HRMS Q-TOF解析出17种中间产物,提出了降解反应路径.发光细菌毒性分析和ECOSAR预测均表明,TCS在UV/Cl工艺中产生毒性较高的中间产物,随着反应的进行,产生了毒性较低的中间产物,生态环境风险得以减少.     

Comparison of degradation reactions of Acid Yellow 61 in both oxidation processes of H2O2/UV and O3

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｌｏｒｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓｉｎｄｙｅｉｎｇｅｆｆｌｕｅｎｔｓｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｃａｕｓｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｙｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓａｒｅｈｉｇｈｌｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ (Ｈａｍｚａ ,1980 ;Ｇｉｎｏｃｃｈｉｎｉｏ ,1984 ;ＭａＫａｙ ,1980 ) .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｅ…     

紫外光和基于紫外光的高级氧化工艺降解农药的研究进展

由于农药的环境持久性及毒性,饮用水源中的农药微污染日益受到水处理行业的关注.在众多水处理工艺中,紫外光及基于紫外光的高级氧化工艺因其灭菌效率高、产生消毒副产物少等特点受到广泛关注.本文综述了紫外光及其相关高级氧化工艺对多类广泛使用的农药(包括有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、氯乙酰胺和三嗪等)的降解效果,详细讨论了农药的降解...     

UV/H2 O2法对印染废水生化出水中不同种类有机物的去除效果

采用UV/H2O2高级氧化法对印染废水生化出水的处理进行研究,探讨了不同反应时间、H2O2投加量、反应初始pH值等因素对UV254,ADMI7.6、DOC和COD去除效果的影响.结果表明,以UV254、ADMI7.6、DOC和COD的去除率为筛选依据,确定出最佳参数组合为:反应初始pH值为原水pH 7.4～8.1,H2O2投加量为4.5 mmol.L-1,紫外光照射时间为50 min,在最佳处理条件下,UV254、ADMI7.6、DOC和COD的去除率分别达到77%、94%、40%和69%.通过XAD-8/XAD-4吸附树脂联用技术将印染废水生化出水中溶解性有机物分为疏水酸、非酸疏水物质、弱疏水物质及亲水物质4类有机物,研究了UV/H2O2氧化工艺对生化出水中各种有机物及色度的去除效果.实验结果表明,对于该印染废水的生化出水,疏水性物质是引起色度的主要物质,所占比例以ADMI7.6表征时为92%,其中以非酸疏水物质的贡献最大,达到53%.UV/H2O2高级氧化法处理此水样中的弱疏水性有机物、疏水酸和非酸疏水物质均有较好的处理效果,对亲水性有机物的处理效果较差.实验表明,相对分子质量>10 000的大分子有机物对DOC和ADMI7.6的去除贡献较大,对UV254的去除贡献接近一半.     

载铁沸石催化H2O2降解阳离子红X-GRL染料废水

以天然沸石为载体,FeSO₄·7H₂O溶液为浸渍液,采用浸渍蒸干法制备载铁沸石非均相类Fenton反应催化剂,并用其催化H₂O₂降解阳离子红X-GRL染料废水。结果表明,浸渍液浓度为0.18 mg/L、煅烧温度为300 ℃时制备的催化剂铁含量较高、催化效果和稳定性较好。当反应时间为120 min、溶液pH为3.0、催化剂投加量为20.0 g/L、H₂O₂投加量为30.0 mmol/L时,催化降解效果最佳,对染料废水TOC、色度、COD_Cr和TN的去除率分别为60.3%、99.4%、55.5%和49.9%;载铁沸石催化剂重复使用3次后,仍具有一定的催化效果。     

UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对水中DMP的去除效果和降解机理分析

采用UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对自来水本底条件下邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除效果、特性及降解机理进行了对比和分析.采用单独的UV光照射不能有效去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对DMP具有良好的去除效果.在DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,UV光强为133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量为20 mg·L-1的条件下,30 min后DMP的去除效果可以达到73.08%,在降解过程中,监测到DMP氧化产物;当DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,O3投加量为3 mg·L-1时,单独O3氧化DMP的去除率为55.81%;UV-O3联用工艺对DMP的去除效果略优于单独O3氧化,去除效果提高了10%左右.单独O3和UV-O3氧化在初始氧化阶段可形成不同于UV-H2O2工艺的降解产物;UV-H2O2-O3联用工艺能高效氧化水中DMP,O3的投加不但极大的增强了UV-H2O2工艺的氧化性能,同时抑制了UV+H2O2降解过程中DMP氧化产物的生成,并使生成的产物快速降解.几种氧化工艺对DMP去除效果顺序依次为UV＜O3＜UV-O3＜UV-H2O2＜UV-H2O2-O3.     

天然矿物负载Fe/Co催化H2O2氧化降解阳离子红3R

类Fenton反应关键是催化剂的活性,利用浸渍法负载铁、钴双金属对天然矿物材料进行改性,提高其催化活性,并运用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段对负载前后的材料进行表征分析.结果表明负载后材料中生成Fe2O3和Co Fe2O4两种新物质.将合成的催化剂用于催化H2O2氧化阳离子红3R染料废水,在催化剂投加量3 g·L-1,H2O2投加量0.3 m L·L-1,反应时间1 h条件下,100 mg·L-1阳离子红3R废水脱色率可达99.8%,TOC去除率可达58.4%,催化剂中活性组分主要为表面负载的Fe2O3和Co Fe2O4,电子自旋共振(ESR)分析表明催化氧化过程中产生羟基自由基,阳离子红3R发色基团在1 min已被完全破坏,光谱分析表明反应过程中有小分子物质生成.催化氧化效果受染料废水初始p H值影响小,适应p H范围广,解决了传统Fenton反应p H条件苛刻的问题.研究结果为印染废水处理提供了具有工程应用潜力的技术方法.     

Removal of elemental mercury by photocatalytic oxidation over La2O3/Bi2O3 composite

La₂O₃/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation of Bi₂O₃ with an aqueous solution of lanthanum precursor followed by calcination at different temperatures. The composite materials were used for the first time for the photocatalytic removal of Hg⁰ from a simulated flue gas under UV light irradiation. The results showed that the sample containing 6 wt.% La₂O₃ and calcined at 500°C has the highest dispersion of the active sites, which was promoted by the strong interaction with the support (i.e., the formation of Bi-O-La species). Since they are fully accessible on the surface, the material also exhibits excellent optical properties while the heterojunction formed in La₂O₃/Bi₂O₃ promotes the separation and migration of photoelectron-hole pairs and thus Hg⁰ oxidation efficiency is enhanced. The effects of the various factors (e.g., the reaction temperature and composition of the simulated flue gas (i.e., O₂, NO, H₂O, and SO₂)) on the efficiency of the Hg⁰ photocatalytic oxidation were investigated. The results demonstrated that O₂ and SO₂ enhanced the efficiency of the reaction while the reaction temperature, NO, and H₂O had an inhibitory effect.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced CIO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuO_x/Al_2O_3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method usingγ-Al_2O_3 as a supporter.CuO and Cu_2O were loaded on the surface of Al_2O_3,characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).In the presence of CuO_x/Al_2O_3,the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide(ClO_2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol.The factors influencing phenol removal were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage,extensive pH range.Under a given condition(ClO_2 concentration 80 mg/L,microwave power 50 W,contact time 5 min,catalyst dosage 50 g/L,pH 9),phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%,corresponding to 79.13% of COD_(Cr) removal.The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics.Compared with traditional ClO_2 oxidation,ClO_2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO_2 oxidation,microwave-induced ClO_2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency.It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

UV/H_2O_2氧化处理水中去污剂

表面活性剂是一类特殊的有机污染物,在去污、洗衣、印染等废水中广泛存在.本文以某电厂实用的5种去污剂为研究对象,考察了UV/H2O2对5种去污剂的矿化能力,研究了H2O2和去污剂初始浓度、初始p H值、去污剂种类、辐照时间等因素对氧化效果的影响.结果表明,5种去污剂在254 nm处均无较强吸收,单独UV辐照对其降解效果不明显.当去污剂初始DOC浓度为50 mg·L-1,H2O2最佳投加量为1 m L·L-1,反应时间为90 min时,对5种去污剂的矿化率(即DOC去除率)在53%~87%,矿化率随去污剂种类的不同而不同.对去污剂的矿化率随着UV辐照时间的延长而增大,去除率曲线符合一级反应动力学方程.废水初始p H值对氧化效果的影响不显著,H2O2/DOC比值对氧化效果有显著影响.研究表明,UV/H2O2技术能高效矿化水中的去污剂,H2O2/DOC比值和UV辐照时间是影响氧化效率的关键因素.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

降解偶氮染料AO7的研究：动力学及反应途径

紫外光分解过硫酸盐(S2O2-8)是一种新型的高级氧化技术,可以产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基(SO-4).以偶氮染料AO7为目标污染物,重点研究了反应体系氧化剂K2S2O8浓度、溶液初始pH值和无机阴离子(H2PO-4、HCO-3、NO-3和Cl-)对反应体系的影响.结果表明,AO7的降解遵循准一级动力学,当AO7初始浓度为0.14 mmol/L时,最佳的氧化剂K2S2O8与污染物AO7的摩尔比为20.pH值对UV/K2S2O8体系降解AO7的反应速率影响较大,增大pH有利于SO-4转化为·OH.溶液中的无机离子对反应体系有一定的抑制作用.采用GC/MS分析了UV/K2S2O8体系降解AO7的主要中间产物(萘酚、1,2-苯并吡喃酮、邻苯二甲酸),并根据中间产物的分析推测了降解途径.     

Advanced treatment of oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding by UV/H2O2/O3 and fine filtration

In order to purify oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding （ORWPF） in tertiary oil recovery in oil fields, advanced treatment of UV/H2O2/O3 and fine filtration were investigated. The experimental results showed that polyacrylamide and oil remaining in ORWPF after the conventional treatment process could be effectively removed by UV/H2O2/O3 process. Fine filtration gave a high performance in eliminating suspended solids. The treated ORWPF can meet the quality requirement of the wastewater-bearing polymer injection in oilfield and be safely re-injected into oil reservoirs for oil recovery.     

Fe(II)活化O2高级氧化降解罗丹明B染料

基于传统Fenton体系中H₂O₂利用率低,修复费用高,对环境副作用大的缺点,通过向溶液中投加三聚磷酸钠（STPP）,形成Fe（Ⅱ）-STPP配合物,氧气替代H₂O₂作为氧化剂,构建Fe（Ⅱ）/O₂/STPP的新型高级氧化体系,研究了该反应体系对模拟罗丹明B染料废水的降解性能.结果表明该体系对于罗丹明B具有良好的降解效果,并且在较广泛pH值（5-9）条件下罗丹明B降解率均在70%以上,废水中常见金属阳离子对降解效果基本没有影响.通过自由基掩蔽实验证明体系中对罗丹明B起降解作用的主要是·OH.该新型高级氧化体系更加绿色、可持续,在难降解染料等废水的处理中具有广泛的应用前景.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

厌氧水解酸化-好氧氧化Ａ1/Ａ2/O工艺剩余污泥减量对系统运行效果的影响

在碱减量印染废水Ａ₁/Ａ₂/O生物处理系统中,利用污泥回流可以实现对剩余污泥的有效减量.剩余污泥回流到Ａ₁段,增加了Ａ₁段中污泥的有机负荷,却提高了系统对COD的去除率.在Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、水力停留时间为9.45 h和7.56 h条件下,Ａ₁段COD的去除率分别由15.9％提升至23.9％,12.3％提升至22.8％.在进水COD浓度1 000 mg/L、Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、进水色度450倍、系统温度30℃条件下,Ａ₁段出水色度有污泥回流时较无污泥回流下降30％以上,系统出水的色度比无污泥回流时降低30％左右.回流剩余污泥使Ａ₁段出水pH略低于无污泥回流的情况,但对Ａ₂段和O段pH值影响不大.在有剩余污泥回流的系统中,系统各段出水的SS浓度均比无回流系统大.长期污泥回流会造成系统内难生物降解物质的积累,必须适时地进行排泥、气水冲刷等恢复系统污泥活性的措施.     

Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activities and identification of intermediate products during phytoremediation of an anionic dye (C. I. Acid Blue 92) by pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris)

The potential of pennywort(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)for phytoremediation of C.I.Acid Blue 92(AB92)was evaluated.The efects of various experimental parameters including pH,temperature,dye concentration and plant weight on dye removal efciency were investigated.The results showed that the optimal condition for dye removal were pH 3.5 and temperature 25°C.Moreover,the absolute dye removal enhanced with increase in the initial dye concentration and plant weight.Pennywort showed the same removal efciency in repeated experiments(four runs)as that obtained from the first run(a 6-day period).Therefore,the ability of the plant in consecutive removal of AB92 confirmed the biodegradation process.Accordingly,a number of produced intermediate compounds were identified.The efect of treatment on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in plant roots and leaves were evaluated.The results revealed a reduction in photosynthetic pigments content under dye treatments.Antioxidant enzyme responses showed marked variations with respect to the plant organ and dye concentration in the liquid medium.Overall,the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under AB92 stress in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves.Nevertheless,no significant increase in malondialdehyde content was detected in roots or leaves,implying that the high efciency of antioxidant system in the elimination of reactive oxygen species.Based on these results,pennywort was founded to be a capable species for phytoremediation of AB92-contaminated water,may be efective for phytoremediation dye-contaminated polluted aquatic ecosystems.