南岳森林土壤的研究-Ⅲ.土壤颗粒组成

本文介绍了南岳森林土壤颗粒组成状况及其与环境间的关系,以及土壤的颗粒组成状况对其理化性质的影响。研究表明,南岳土壤质地主要为粉壤土、面砂土和壤粘土等。土壤质地的差异主要受植被类型、植物生长状况、放牧严重与否的影响,其次是受坡度和气候条件的影响。土壤颗粒组成状况显著地影响土壤的速效磷、速效钾、浸水容重、吸湿率、烧失率、pH值等,对土壤紧实度、有机质、碱解氮也有一定的影响。     

Modeling farmer adaptations to climate change in South America: a micro-behavioral economic perspective

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper evaluates behavioral adaptation models to climate change using South American agricultural data. This paper finds that the Ricardian model with...     

Intergenerational equity: The capital-environment trade-off

This paper examines the trade-off between capital accumulation and environmental quality that determines an intergenerationally equitable program according to the Rawls maximin criterion. This trade-off is explored by an analysis of regular maximin programs in the framework developed by Brock. This results in a constant utility path supported by competitive prices with government imposed effluent charges and environmental rentals. Sufficient conditions for a regular maximin path to satisfy a Hartwick rule in deciding on the combination of capital and environmental quality left to future generations are given.     

Spillover effect of environmental investment: evidence from panel data at provincial level in China

This paper considers pollution density as a function of environmental investment. The higher environmental investment, the lower pollution density. The lower the pollution density is the higher production technology becomes. This is called the spillover effect. We collected China's panel data at the provincial level from 2005 to 2009, and tested the spillover effect of environmental investment. This paper finds that the environmental investment influenced production technology positively. There is a significant positive relation between government expenditure and spillover effect.     

Applications of natural polysaccharide-based beads for slow release herbicide formulation

This work deals with the use of polysaccharide-based beads for controlled release of the herbicide atrazine. This article discusses the release of the herbicide atrazine from neem-alginate-clay-based beads. Formulation characteristics such as entrapment efficiency, bead size, and diffusion mechanism for release of atrazine have been evaluated.     

欧美国家规划层次上的战略环境评价的理论与实践

介绍了欧美国家战略环境评价研究进展及其在实践中的应用,分析了欧美国家规划层次上的战略环境评价的特点、作用与不足,总结了战略环境评价应用到规划中在介入时机、技术方法等方面的经验,对我国开展规划环境影响评价具有很大的借鉴意义。     

Relationships of the dimensions of sustainability as measured by the sustainable society index framework

This article presents a study of the interrelationships between the different dimensions of sustainability as measured by the sustainable society index framework. We examine the statistical relationships between the four indices making up the sustainable society index framework. The analysis uses the complete existing data set provided by Sustainable Society Foundation for the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 and for 151 countries. While the time period where data are available is quite short, we can make some preliminary observations about the apparent trends in the interrelationships of the different dimensions of sustainability. This study shows that the three dimensions of sustainability are far from all being synergic and positively correlated. There is a strong negative correlation between human well-being and environmental well-being. This is problematic from the point of view of the Brundtland Commission’s three-pillar definition of sustainability. However, the trade-off relationship between economic and environmental development measured by the economic well-being index and environmental well-being index is decreasing and the dimensions are becoming more de-linked. This trend is promising from the sustainability perspective.     

Mapping the intertidal vegetation of the harbours of southern England for water quality management

This paper discusses a research project dealing with the mapping of the intertidal vegetation of several harbours along the southern coastline of England. It describes in detail the methods used to map the vegetation and gives examples of the results from these studies. This paper then goes on to explain how these results are applied by the Environment Agency of England and Wales to improve water quality in the harbours. This type of vegetation mapping is useful in monitoring the development of the intertidal species includingSpartina, Zostera and of particular importance to this study the green algaeUlva andEnteromorpha. The work was undertaken with funding from the Environment Agency and at present has taken place over a four year period. The data collected will be used by the Environment Agency to assess macro-algae covervalues for the intertidal area of the harbours concerned. This forms part of the Agency's commitment to the EU Nitrates Directive and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Some of the species mapped act as suitable indicators of water quality and are symptoms of entrophication. Other species are of interest for nature conservation and were recorded to provide a record for longer-term trends in vegetation patterns within the harbour. This paper aims to provide readers with an understanding of the techniques involved as well as an evaluation of the methodology.     

生物絮凝剂除浊脱色作用的初步研究

本文报道了产生ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂的菌株的培养方法和筛选结果，着重讨论了此类生物絮凝剂对染料水样和非染料水样进行处理过程中ｐＨ值对处理效果的影响。并利用开发出的生物絮凝剂对实际排污河水进行处理，证明生物絮凝剂对悬浮水体的处理效果较好，可用于去除藻类。     

A comparison of the water management systems in France and China

This paper compares legal systems for water management in France and China, with a focus on integrated water resources management and regarding in particular the formulation of policies and their implementation. The research shows that China has committed itself to the efficient management of water resources through the development of various policy tools during the current period. This commitment, however, has often been interrupted and distorted by politics, resulting in the neglect of socioeconomic and environmental priorities. France has developed a legislative framework and practical instruments to apply integrated water resources management at the river basin level since the 1960s. This experience and the current implementation of the European Water Framework Directive brings elements that can contribute to Chinese society meeting its water challenges.     

人工增氧型复合湿地污染物净化效果

针对传统人工湿地负荷低、硝化能力弱和易堵塞的缺点,结合曝气生物滤池与人工湿地强化理论的研究成果,自主开发了人工增氧型复合湿地工艺,即生物接触氧化预处理+微曝气垂直流湿地+水平潜流湿地。通过对滇池北岸城郊混合制污水处理的模型试验,分析该工艺流程各净化单元的污染物去除效果。结果显示,人工增氧型复合湿地对不同水力负荷和污染负荷都体现了较强的缓冲调节能力和较高的净化效果。对污染物的总去除率分别为SS 94.5%、CODCr71.3%、氨氮72.3%,在进水总氮10.0 mg.L-1条件下实现了41.9%的总氮去除率,出水总氮均值为5.8 mg.L-1。     

取代氮杂环类有机物水溶解度的估算与测定

本文采用一种修正的分子连接性指数研究了氮杂环类化合物水溶解度的定量结构性性质关系，这种修正的分子连接性指数是由原子半么取代原子的点价计算得来。逐步多元统计回归表明氮杂环的水溶解度和２阶及５阶原子半么分子连接性指数呈良好的相关性。     

代谢组学方法在生态毒理学中的应用进展

代谢组学方法越来越多地用于研究有机体与生态环境的相互作用。近年来,该方法已被应用于化学物风险评价和野生动物的疾病诊断,成为环境科学,特别是生态毒理学中充满活力的研究方向之一。本文介绍了应用于代谢组学研究的核磁共振波谱和质谱2种检测技术,着重讨论了生态毒理学研究中代谢组学方法在生物标志物的发掘和毒性评价,以及有机体对环境影响因子的代谢响应、野生水生动物疾病的诊断和监测等方面的应用。这些代谢组学在生态毒理学领域的应用将促进对有机体与环境相互作用的认识。     

创建机关ISO 14001环境管理体系探析

围绕天津市环境保护局创建机关ISO14001环境管理体系过程中的环境因素识别这一核心问题,进行了深入研究和探讨,并对体系的概况,特点和创建体系的意义等进行了概述和分析,为全国环保机关建立ISO14001环境管理体系提供了借鉴。     

Regulator reputation, enforcement, and environmental compliance

This paper explores empirically the impact of enforcement efforts on environmental compliance, focusing on the role of regulator reputation spillover effects. We find that, on the margin, the impact of a fine for water pollutant violations is about a two-thirds reduction in the statewide violation rate in the year following a fine. This large result obtains through the regulator's enhanced reputation; the deterrence impact on other plants in a state is almost as strong as the impact on the sanctioned plant. Focusing only on the response of the sanctioned plant, as in previous studies, may therefore seriously underestimate the efficacy of fines and other sanctions. This paper also examines the relative effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement instruments. Non-monetary sanctions contribute no detected impact on compliance, and the marginal fine induces substantially greater compliance than the marginal inspection.     

分析毒理中生物指标的研究

生物指标提供了人体接触有毒化学物质的机体负荷、作用指标和易感性等信息，是现代分析毒理研究中的一个重要内容。本文以多环芳烃的接触指标尿中１－羟基芘的研究为例，着重讨论了生物指标研究在环境健康风险评价中的意义。     

松嫩盆地生态环境地质图编图方法研究

松嫩盆地是一个生态环境脆弱地区。本文以松嫩盆地为典型研究区域,采用定性指标与定量化手段相结合的方法,综合考虑干旱、洪涝、盐渍化、荒漠化、沼泽化和水土流失等一系列生态环境地质问题,编制出反映生态环境地质问题鲜明醒目、层次清晰和规律清楚、具有一定预测功能的生态环境地质图。     

恶臭污染物的排放与监测

概括介绍恶臭污染源的形成、排放特征及恶臭污染物的监测技术,重点介绍了我国测定恶臭的国家标准方法“三点比较式臭袋法”及其实际操作中若干问题解析。     

Nachhaltigkeit in der Pflanzenproduktion

Part I gives an overview on the origin and the development of the term “sustainability” in general and for agriculture in particular. This overview shows that the term “sustainability” is used widely in discussing ecological, social and economic aspects; however, there is no generally accepted definition for this term neither for the different aspects, nor for a concept including all the discussed aspects of “sustainability”. This makes a determination and practical implementation of the term “sustainability” difficult. Therefore a definition for a sustainable crop production from the ecological point of view is elaborated based on the discussion of the development of the term and on the identification of the most important applied aspects. This definition forms the basis for a methodological approach to the practical implementation of a sustainable crop production (»part II).