聚合硅酸铝铁(PSAF)的制备与絮凝性能研究

以硫酸铝、硫酸铁、水玻璃为主要原料 ,制备了聚合硅酸铝铁 (PSAF)絮凝剂。研究了不同 Al/ Fe/ Si摩尔比、碱化度 B* )值、p H值、投加量等因素对絮凝效果的影响 ,考察了 PSAF的絮凝性能 ,并与传统絮凝剂作了比较。结果表明 :在 p H值为 6- 8,投药量为 1.5× 10 - 5mol·L- 1 (以 Si O2 计 ) ,PSAF中 Al/ Fe/ Si摩尔比为 1∶ 1∶ 1,B*为 0 .8时絮凝效果最佳 ,其絮凝去浊性能明显优于硫酸铝、硫酸铁及聚硅酸     

聚硅酸硫酸铁絮凝剂的制备及应用

制备了不同 Fe/Si含量比的聚硅酸硫酸铁 (PSFS)。比较了不同 Fe/Si的 PSFS的絮凝效果及稳定性 ,实验了 p H值及絮凝剂用量对絮凝效果的影响。研究表明 ,当 p H=3左右 ,Fe/Si含量比为 1∶ 2时制备的PSFS具有较好的絮凝效果。在实验条件下 ,絮凝剂的最佳用量为 8mg/L。     

聚硅酸铝盐系列絮凝剂的制备

摘要：硅酸钠、硫酸铝为原料制备了聚硅酸硫酸铝絮凝剂,在此基础上制备了不同Zn／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝锌絮凝剂及不同Mg／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝镁絮凝剂。结果表明：Zn／Si摩尔比和Mg／Si摩尔比是影响絮凝效果的最主要的因素。     

无机-有机复合絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究

以硫酸铁、硅酸钠、硼砂和聚丙烯酰胺为主要原料,制备了无机-有机复合絮凝剂。采取正交实验设计方法,以COD去除率为指标,研究了Si/Fe摩尔比、Si/B摩尔比、聚丙烯酰胺浓度三种因子对复合絮凝剂处理印染废水效果的影响。结果表明:复合絮凝剂最优制备条件为:Si/Fe为1.5/1、PAM浓度为250mg/L、Si/B为3.5/1;采用最优条件下制备的复合絮凝剂处理印染废水时,最佳投加量(以SiO_2计)为90mg/L,最佳pH值为8.5～9.0,絮凝效果明显好于聚合硅酸硫酸铁。     

印染废水的神经网络法优化絮凝处理

为获得新型絮凝剂的最佳制备条件,采用人工神经网络(ANN)结合加速遗传算法(AGA)对絮凝剂性能影响因素进行全局寻优。在影响絮凝剂处理性能的主要因素Fe、Al与Si的摩尔比n(Fe+Al):n(Si),B、Mg和Si的摩尔比n(B+Mg):n(Si)以及熟化时间的有效作用范围内,用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)实验设计方法,产生15组影响因素组合作为输入样本,经对印染废水的絮凝处理实验得到相应的COD和色度去除率输出样本,由神经网络方法对15组输入、输出样本数据建模,得到反映絮凝剂制备条件和絮凝剂去除效果的响应关系,并采用加速遗传算法全局优化,得到最大COD去除率和色度去除率条件下的最优絮凝剂制备条件组合,即n(Fe+Al):n(Si)=5.08,n(B+Mg):n(Si)=0.55,熟化时间为2.1 d,对应的印染废水COD去除率为88.10%,色度去除率为95.37%。模型验证实验显示,实验值与模型预测值的最大相对误差不超过5%。相对于响应曲面法,用神经网络结合加速遗传算法优化得到的新型絮凝剂去除印染废水中COD和色度的能力更高,进一步验证了神经网络法在新型絮凝剂制备条件优化中的有效性。     

聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂中铁的形态分布与转化

以AlCl₃·6H₂O ,FeCl₃·6H₂O ,Na₂CO₃,盐酸和硅酸钠为原料制备了不同碱化度B及不同n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)摩尔比的系列聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂 (PAFSC) ,采用Fe -Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PAFSC中铁的形态分布情况 ,考察了熟化时间、制备工艺及n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)对PAFSC中铁的形态分布的影响情况。研究结果表明 :随着熟化时间的延长 ,铁和聚硅酸摩尔数的增加 ,PAFSC中铁的形态由低聚物向高聚物转化.      

含活性硅酸碱式氯化铝铁净水剂的性能研究

本文对影响含活性硅酸碱式氯化铝铁(PAFCS)净水剂混凝去浊效果的有关主要因素进行了考察研究,确定了PAFCS净水剂具有较佳混凝去浊效果的Si:Al:Fe摩尔比和OH/(Al Fe)摩尔比以及较佳投药量范围;考察了PAFCS对水质变化的适应性;并与常用净水剂进行了混凝去浊效果的对比试验。     

聚硅酸铝铁复合絮凝剂性能的研究

利用铝盐和铁盐与聚硅酸形成复合絮凝剂可以优势互补的特点,制备了不同n(Al):n(Fe)摩尔比的聚硅酸铝铁复合絮凝剂(PAFSS),并对其性能进行了研究。当n(Al):n(Fe)=1:3时,PAFSS对腐植酸的絮凝去除率可达92.9%,且形成的絮体粒度最大,其中位粒径为110滋m。PAFSS的红外光谱图中有M(Fe和Al)—O—Si振动峰出现,表明金属盐和聚硅酸成键聚合。通过对腐植酸溶液和絮凝出水的Zeta电位测定,及对PAFSS絮凝腐植酸的絮凝过程中的粒度变化的在线分析,结果表明PAFSS具有较强的电中和性能,且絮体具有较强的抗破碎能力。     

聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂硅铁反应过程研究

以水玻璃、硫酸亚铁及氯酸钠为原料,用共聚法制备不同Si/Fe比的聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂(PSF0.5、PSF1、PSF3分别指Si/Fe摩尔比为0.5、1、3),同时监测制备过程中pH的变化,并就不同共聚反应时间的样品,分别采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)、紫外吸收(UVA)扫描法、透射电镜法(TEM)、光子相关光谱法(PCS)及红外光谱法(IR)对其反应过程的微观品质进行多方面表征.结果表明,PSF是硅铁反应的共聚物,而不是简单的原料复配.不同Si/Fe比的PSF具有不同的硅铁成键速度、成键方式及成键稳定性,低Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Fe—O—Si键络合的物种,而高Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Si—O—Si键络合的物种,Fe—O—Fe键的形成速度快并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互促进作用,而Si—O—Si键(硅酸聚合)形成速度慢并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互阻碍作用,Fe—O—Fe键的稳定性比Si—O—Fe或Si—O—Si键差.对于PSF中硅铁不同成键模式的分析为合成高性能、高稳定性的硅酸铁类混凝剂以及为优势形态控制提供了一定的理论基础.     

两种聚合硫酸硅铁絮凝剂硅铁形态的比较分析

分别以引入硫酸铁和聚合硫酸铁的方式合成聚合硫酸硅铁(PFSS和PFS-PS)，采用Fe-Ferron和β-Siciloeomobdate相结合的方法分析两种絮凝剂中硅铁的形态分布，考察Fe／Si摩尔比、碱化度及熟化时间对硅铁形态分布的影响，为聚硅铁絮凝剂研制提供理论基础。     

Reaction mode between Si and Fe and evaluation of optimal species in poly-silicic-ferric coagulant

A kind of Fe-polysilicate polymer, poly-silicic-ferric （PSF） coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization （hydroxylation of mixture of Fe^3＋ and fresh polysilicic acid （PS））, in which PSF0.5, PSF1 or PSF3 denotes Si/Fe molar ratio of 0.5, 1 or 3, respectively. The effects of Si/Fe ratio and reaction time （co-polymerization time or aging time） on the reaction mode between Si and Fe were studies, and the optimal species of PSF was evaluated by pH change during the preparation of PSF and coagulation tests. The results showed that the characteristics of PSF are largely affected by both reaction time and Si/Fe ratio. PSF is found to be a essential complex of Si, Fe, and many other ions. The reaction mode between Si and Fe differs with various Si/Fe ratios. The pH of PSF0.5, PSF1 or PSF3 tended to be stable when reaction time is 10, 25 or 55 rain, respectively, which is almost consistent with the time reaching the relative stable morphology that is just the optimal species of higher coagulation efficiency. The optimal reaction time reaching optimal species can be evaluated by measuring the pH change during the polymerization process.     

纳米Fe、Si体系对3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯的脱氯降解

研究了纳米Fe、Si体系降解3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯(PCB77)的动力学差异.结果表明,纳米Fe0、纳米Fe3O4和纳米Si0对PCB77均有降解作用,该降解为还原脱氯反应.降解过程符合准一级反应动力学,反应速率常数Kobs分别为0.0177,0.0038,0.0045h-1.PCB77初始浓度为5mg/L,纳米材料投加量为5g/L,溶液pH4.5条件下,纳米Fe0体系对PCB77降解效果最为显著,64h时PCB77残留率仅为19.83%,氯离子浓度为50.3μmol/L,反应体系pH值从4.5升至5.26.纳米双元体系Fe0和Si0、Fe3O4和Si0对PCB77降解过程也符合准一级反应动力学,反应速率常数Kobs分别为0.0114,0.004h-1,其中纳米Fe0和Si0体系降解效果优于纳米Fe3O4和Si0体系.PCB77残留率分别为34.91%和66.62%,氯离子浓度分别为40.07,20.47μmol/L,反应体系pH值变化不明显.随着溶液初始pH值增加,纳米Fe0、纳米Fe3O4降解PCB77效果明显降低,但溶液pH值升高有利于纳米Si0对PCB77的降解.两组纳米双元体系对PCB77的降解效果受pH值影响小.     

活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究

以硅酸钠，硫酸和聚合硫酸铁为原料制备活性硅酸合硫酸铁，测定了ＡＳＰＦＳ红外光谱，了Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比和水样ＰＨ值等因素对产品和除浊效果的影响当Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比为１．５时产品稳定性和除浊效果均较好。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

富硅稻壳灰对水稻吸收砷的调控作用

通过向土壤中添加富硅稻壳灰提高土壤溶液中Si浓度可以有效抑制水稻对As的吸收. 为了探索富硅稻壳灰对水稻吸收As的内在调控机理,于2020年在湖南省永州市道县开展了大田试验. 结果表明:富硅稻壳灰的添加使土壤孔隙水中Si浓度较对照组显著增加了866.0%,这为水稻生长提供了充足的Si,使Si在与As的竞争吸收中占据主导作用,同时富硅稻壳灰促进了土壤铁氧化物的沉淀,使孔隙水中As浓度下降了20.3%,这一过程中由于铁氧化物的还原溶解而释放的As重新被固持. 水稻根系铁膜的形成对As的截留作用是抑制As向地上部转运的关键,富硅稻壳灰通过促进通气组织的形成来增加根系氧化能力,使水稻根表铁膜铁浓度(DCB-Fe)较对照组增加了47.3%,使根表铁膜As浓度(DCB-As)较对照组增加了41.0%. 富硅稻壳灰为水稻生长供应的足量Si,通过下调水稻根系中Si转运蛋白Lsi1和Lsi2的表达,从而限制了水稻根系对As(Ⅲ)的吸收,结果显示富硅稻壳灰使精米中无机As浓度降低了29.1%,低于GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》标准限值. 该研究通过大田试验,从土壤孔隙水、水稻根表铁膜以及Si与As在水稻茎叶和稻米运输中的竞争作用三方面系统论述了低温燃烧条件下制备的富硅稻壳灰对水稻吸收As的调控作用,结果表明以0.2%的施加比例施加富硅稻壳灰有效降低了水稻籽粒中无机As 含量,为As污染土壤的水稻安全生产利用提供有效的解决途径.      

Properties and coagulation mechanisms of polyferric silicate sulfate with high concentration

Polyferric silicate sulfate （PFSS） with high concentration was prepared using the composite-poly method. The coagulation properties and mechanisms of this new complex were probed using TEM, Fe-Ferron timed complex-colorimetric method, and infrared spectrum method. The results showed that the flocculating effect of polyferric silicate sulfate had an advantage over polyferric sulfate （PFS）, as the optimum coagulation effect could be obtained when the Si/Fe mole ratio was 0.75 in accordance with its macrostructure of PFSS. According to the Fe-Ferron timed complex-colorimetric method, the Si species was mainly Sic, whereas, the Fe species were Fea and Fec in the copolymerization system. The infrared spectra indicated that the structure of these new flocculants was formed by polymers, mainly by olation, which was different from polyferric sulfate, and the vibration of M-OH-M of around 1100 cm^-1, also proved that there existed Fe-OH-Fe and its polymers in some forms.