沱江枯水期内江段集中式供水的致突变性研究

本文以Ames试验检测了以沱江为水源的内江市东兴水厂枯水期原水和新、旧两两种工艺处理的出厂水的有机浓集物的致突变性,并对两种工艺去除三卤甲烷前体物的能力进行了比较。研究结果表明:在本试验条件下,其原水未检出致突变性;两种处理工艺的出厂水均能检出较弱的致突变性;新工艺能更有效地去除原水中的三卤甲烷前体物。     

岷—沱江汞环境背景值研究

本文介绍了用冷原子荧光法测定岷—沱江原水(总汞)、过滤水(溶解性汞)、悬浮物(悬浮态汞)及沉积物中汞含量。方法检测限为0.004μg/l。经选用W检验、Vistelius置信带法和偏度、峰度法联合进行汞含量分布类型检验,综合判断、研究得出岷—沱江水系河水中汞背景值(总量)为0.25μg/l,汞主要以溶解态存在于水体中,沉积物中汞背景值为0.018mg/kg。岷—沱江水系汞背景值无论与国内各水系还是同世界河流水平相比,均处于相同和较低水平。     

“十三五”期间沱江流域水质及变化趋势

为了科学地提出沱江水污染防治的建议，系统地对前期水质情况进行梳理十分必要。根据“十三五”期间沱江流域断面的水质例行监测数据，利用内梅罗污染指数法、Spearman秩相关系数法，分析了2016～2020年沱江干流水环境质量及其变化趋势；阐述了2020年沱江流域水环境质量的时空分布。结果表明2016～2018年，干流断面中三皇庙水质相对较差，2019～2020年沱江干流沿程水质变化不大；“十三五”期间，整体上沱江流域水质变好，其中沱江干流大多数断面水质转好显著；2020年，沱江干流水质相对较好，水质较差断面位于支流，9～11月水质相对较好，3～5月水质相对较差。系统的对沱江流域水环境质量和变化趋势开展分析评价，可为沱江水环境改善及污染防治提供依据。     

四川沱江流域污染防治第三次学术交流会在盐都召开

由四川省环境科学学会、四川省化学化工学会于1986年5月20—23日在四川盐都—自贡市联合召开了“沱江流域污染防治第三次学术交流会”。参加会议的代表来自沱江沿岸各市、地、县环保系统及厂矿企业环保机构主管环保工作的科技人员和管     

基于MIKE11的航电枢纽建设工程水质模拟

为分析沱江干流自贡段航电枢纽建设前后对河道水质的影响,针对沱江干流污染现状,以沱江干流主要污染物COD、氨氮、TP为指标,应用MIKE 11模型建立能客观反映模拟河段水动力、水质时空演变规律的模型,分析了银蛇溪枢纽建库前后对沱江干流水质的影响。模拟结果表明:在污染负荷不增加的情况下,李家湾、黄葛浩、银蛇溪断面在建库后枯水年枯水月COD预测浓度月均值有所超标;枯水年NH3-N预测浓度较建库前增加率最高,平水年次之,丰水年最低;枢纽建设后,各断面TP浓度进一步升高。本研究以沱江自贡段航道建设工程为例,分析不同典型年下航电枢纽建设前后水质情况,研究结果可为沱江干流航电枢纽建设项目水质影响预测提供科学依据。     

沱江流域水资源的保护与利用

本文研究了沱江流域水资源的开发利用问题。由于流域内水资源贫乏和开发利用程度较高,枯水期中下游区无法保证水资源的需要。随着工业的发展,沱江水质污染将日趋严重致使枯水期有限的水资源变成不能使用的污水。因此,本文较详细地研究了沱江水质保护规划。在水目标、水污染控制最优方案、总量控制标准、流域水质保护区划等方面进行了探讨,文中从水量和水质两方面着手,根据系统工程原理求得解决水资源问题的最佳方案。     

浅谈沱江泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统的改进

本文对沱江流域泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统运行初期的部分改进进行了分析与陈述，并根据对长江流域泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站和泸州大磨子水质自动监测站的经验，总结出该系统部分改进前后的利与弊，希望能给岷、沱江流域各水质自动监测站的管理人员和仪器设备商提供借鉴。     

武汉市饮用水中挥发性卤代烃分布规律与特性研究

本文首次对武汉市不同季节饮水中卤代烃的种类和含量分布特性进行了调查和研究。调查与研究结果表明,武汉市水厂水源卤代烃含量范围为0.02—0.55μg/l,年平均含量低于0.2μg/1,水源水经氯化消毒处理后,出厂水卤代烃含量增加高达百倍,含量范围是1.3—6.20μg/l,年平均含量为13.9μg/l。饮水中卤代烃的主要成份是氟仿,约占卤代烃总量的90％。自来水加热至沸时,卤代烃含量增加约一倍。自来水中卤代烃主要来自源水氯化消毒过程中的卤仿反应,影响卤代烃含量的主要因素是源水水质。保护水厂水源提高水源,水质是解决武汉市饮水卤代烃污染的主要途径。     

第三水厂参观记

正5月18日下午,我们跟随王老师和瞿老师参观了第三水厂,了解了从长江水到自来水的整个生产过程。常熟共有三个水厂,第三水厂就是其中之一,它的日供水量高达40万吨,常熟的供水量是87.5吨,可以提供给200万人。走进大厅,两位工人叔叔热情地为我们介绍:"第三水厂的水取自长江水,通过沉淀(加矾)、过氯(加氯)、蓄存、输出这几个繁琐的工序,才     

沱江内江段饮用水源的污染防治

通过加强对沱江内江段的水源污染进行防治,以及加快自来水厂制水工艺的改进,使集中式供水水质得到了明显改善,已取得较好的社会效益和环境效益     

对饮用水中有机污染物的控制

以保护饮用水的水质为出发点，控制饮用水中有机污染物为目的，本文介绍了有机污染物对饮用水水质的影响，着重从治理污染源和加强饮用水的深度处理等方面讨论了对饮用水中有机污染物的控制。     

Artificial recharge of humic ground water

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of soil in removing natural organic matter from humic ground waters using artificial recharge. The study site, in western Denmark, was a 10,000 ml football field of which 2,000 m2 served as an infiltration field. The impact of the artificial recharge was studied by monitoring the water level and the quality of the underlying shallow aquifer. The humic ground water contained mainly humic adds with an organic carbon (OC) concentration of 100 to 200 mg C L(-1). A total of 5,000 mS of humic ground water were sprinkled onto the infiltration field at an average rate of 4.25 mm h(-1). This resulted in a rise in the water table of the shallow aquifer. The organic matter concentration of the water in the shallow aquifer, however, remained below 2.7 mg C L(-1). The organic matter concentration of the pore water in the unsaturated zone was measured at the end of the experiment. The organic matter concentration of the pore water decreased from 105 mg C L(-1) at 0.5 m to 20 mg C L(-1) at 2.5 m under the infiltration field indicating that the soil removed the organic matter from the humic ground water. From these results we conclude that artificial recharge is a possible method for humic ground water treatment.     

THE TENDENCY OF A NEW WATER DISINFECTANT TO PRODUCE TOXIC TRIHALOMETHANES1

A new organic N-chloramine disinfectant (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its tendency to react with organic matter in water to produce toxic trihalomethanes. Agent I reacts much less readily with organic demand than does calcium hypochlorite. This study shows that agent I should be safe to use as a disinfectant for water containing appreciable organic load in either sunlight or darkness. On the other hand, calcium hypochlorite may not be a satisfactory disinfectant from the toxicity standpoint for water which contains organic load which must be stored for extended time periods in either sunlight or darkness.     

Nanosponges for water purification

We synthesized a new class of organic nanoporous polymers using cyclodextrins as basic building blocks. These processible nanoporous polymers were named 'nanosponges' because they have nanometer-size pores (distribution 0.7-1.2 nm) and exhibit superior ability to absorb organic molecules in water. Cyclodextrin cavities provide a hydrophobic environment and hence generate a strong affinity to organic molecules at water-solid interfaces. Indeed, the formation constant (K) of polymeric cyclodextrins and organic guest molecules is more than eight orders of magnitude larger than molecular cyclodextrin systems in water, and yet the process is completely reversible in organic solvents such as ethanol. The significant potential of these results is that hazardous organic contaminants may be reduced to parts-per-trillion levels in water by these polymers, as measured by ion-trap mass spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy.     

干旱地区发展有机农业的探索——节水技术在淖毛湖晚熟哈密瓜的应用

哈密伊吾淖毛湖是一个干旱缺水地区,生态环境十分脆弱.干旱缺水地区如何提高水的利用效益,如何发展有机农业？伊吾县淖毛湖农场通过多年研究探索,采用膜下滴灌技术种植有机晚熟哈密瓜,较好地解决了这一问题.将节水灌溉技术与发展有机食品有效结合,节约了宝贵的水资源,扩大了灌溉面积.提高了有机哈密瓜的品质,改善了生态环境.对加快缺水地区的农业产业化、推进干旱区域的高效农业、提高水的利用率方面有积极示范推广作用.     

水环境中挥发性有机物的监测方法

挥发性有机物具有种类多、含量少以及毒性大等特点,已成为我国水质监测优先控制污染物。本文叙述了近年来水中挥发性有机物在环境监测中的研究现状,主要介绍了4种预处理技术和两种分析方法,同时简单介绍了水环境中挥发性有机物的发展方向。     

嘉陵江C市段源水中有机污染物定性研究

采用XAD-2树脂富集水中有机物，用GC＼MS进行定性分析。对嘉陵江C市段水源水中有机污染物进行分析，共检出有机污染物13种，其中以多环芳烃，邻苯二甲酸酯类为主，并且有3种物质为中国环境优先控制污染物，分别是邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、荧蒽。     

川西北高寒草地沙化土壤特征及治理模式探讨——以阿坝州红原县为例

通过对川西北高寒草地不同类型的沙化样地0—10cm,10～20cm和20～30cm土壤有机质、pH和含水量进行分析。结果表明：（1）随着沙化程度加重,土壤有机质含量和土壤含水量明显降低;（2）随着土层深度增加,土壤有机质含量降低;未沙化、轻度沙化样地的土壤含水量随土层深度增加而降低,重度沙化样地则相反;（3）中度和重度沙化样地土壤pH约7．0,未沙化和轻度沙化pH值在6．5左右;沙地土壤有机质与pH值呈显著负相关关系,沙化土壤有机碳与水分损失是一个正反馈。鉴于川西高寒草地特殊环境,探讨了选用适宜的多年生高原药用植物或者其他高价值资源植物作为固沙材料,将治沙与经济发展相结合,建立高寒沙化草地治理模式。     

GROUND AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF NORTH CAROLINA SANITARY LANDFILLS1

ABSTRACT: Ground and surface water quality monitoring data from 71 municipal sanitary landfills in North Carolina were analyzed to determine the nature and extent of current contamination problems and identify any common characteristics associated with this contamination. A total of 322 surface and 411 ground water quality records were analyzed using the SAS data system. Almost all the landfill records included inorganic and heavy metal analyses while approximately half of the records also included organic analyses by CC/MS. Our analysis indicates that landfills are having measurable impacts on ground and surface water quality, but these impacts may not be as severe as is commonly assumed. Statistically significant increases were detected in the average concentrations in ground water and downstream surface water samples when compared to upstream surface water samples. The largest percentage increases were observed for zinc, turbidity, total organic carbon, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and lead. Violations of ground water quality standards for heavy metals and hazardous organic compounds were detected at 53 percent of the landfills where adequate data existed. The moat common heavy metal violations were for lead (18 percent), chromium (18 percent), zinc (6 percent), cadmium (6 percent), and arsenic (6 percent) (percentage of landfills violating shown in parenthesis). The organic compounds that appear to pose the greatest threat to ground water are the chlorinated solvents (8 percent), petroleum derived hydrocarbons (8 percent), and pesticides (5 percent). A comparison of monitoring data from sanitary landfills and secondary wastewater treatment plants suggests that the concentrations of heavy metal and organic pollutants discharged to surface waters from these two sources are similar.     

饮用水中半挥发性有机物的GC／MS分析方法研究

介绍用毛细管气相色谱／质谱联用技术（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对饮用水中半挥发性有机物的分析研究。饮用水经吸附富集、洗脱、浓缩后，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定，定性检出５０种半挥发性有机物，并对１９种主要的半挥发性有机污染物进行定量分析。