加强企业能源计量是节能工作的基础

国家印发了《加强能源计量的工作意见》，该意见指出了当前能源计量工作存在的6个主要问题如下： （一）对能源计量的重要性认识不足，片面追求产量和产值，忽视能源计量管理；（二）一些企业能源计量器具配备不符合国家计量法律法规和标准的要求，有些能源计量器具老化、落后，导致计量数据的准确性和可靠性降低；     

冷凝水回收装置的应用

阪东机带（天津）有限公司所产生的蒸汽冷凝水经过降温池后直接排放到污水井中,没有重新回收利用,造成了水和热量白白的流失,既浪费了能源,又造成生产成本的增加,也不符合国家提倡的节能、环保型的企业要求。本项目的实施,既符合国家环保产业政策,又能提高公司的综合竞争能力,同时又降低生产成本,提高产品的市场竞争力。     

医药制造企业能源审计案例研究

医药制造业作为精细化工行业,是资源能源密集型产业,对医药制造行业开展能源审计工作是促进其绿色发展的有效途径。以天津市BF制药企业能源审计为例,分析了医药制造业能源消耗情况、重点耗能原因及节能措施。通过能源审计,发现企业在计量系统、锅炉运行系统、照明系统、重点用电设备和蒸汽系统5个方面存在巨大节能潜力,并提出5项针对性节能技改项目建议,项目实施后可有效提高企业市场竞争力和社会经济环境效益。最后总结了落实该行业能源审计工作时面临的4个首要问题及相关建议,希望促进该行业能源审计工作的有效开展。     

T/CUWA 70052—2023《城镇污水资源与能源回收利用技术规程》编制思路与要点解读

城镇污水处理厂是潜在的资源、能源、水工厂,如何最大程度地全面实现资源能源回收、水循环利用和环境友好,已经成为城镇污水处理的主导发展方向。为提高我国城镇污水资源化能源利用的技术水平,系统推进城镇污水资源化能源化利用工作,中国城镇供水排水协会组织编制并于2023年7月发布了T/CUWA 70052—2023《城镇污水资源与能源回收利用技术规程》。该规程首次提出了我国城镇污水资源能源回收的技术路线、工艺参数和运行管理要点,可为处理技术或工艺选择、工程设计、运行优化等提供指导。该规程的实施,对于城镇污水处理系统转变为资源、能源与水工厂,促进我国城镇污水处理的绿色低碳高质量发展具有积极意义。     

某采油厂CO2采集处理工程职业病危害控制效果评价

目的:分析某采油厂CO2采集处理工程存在的职业病危害因素,评价职业病危害防护设施及其效果,提出职业病控制措施和建议.方法:采用现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测法、检查表法等方法进行综合分析与评价.结果:该某采油厂CO2采集处理工程存在的主要职业病危害因素有氨、二氧化碳、噪声等,上述危害因素的检测结果均符合国家法律法规及相关标准.项目总体布局、生产设备布局、职业病防护设施、个人使用的防护用品、职业卫生管理、卫生辅助用室设置等均符合国家有关规定.结论:该项目采取的职业病危害防护设施符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求,从职业卫生角度分析,该项目可行.     

王禾丘农村能源系统生态工程可持续发展效应评价指标体系的研究及其应用

为全面、准确评价农村能源系统生态工程的社会效益及其能源生态经济效应，我们研究提出三个层次共１５个指标组成的农村能源系统生态工程综合评价指标体系，并运用ＡＨＰ法确定指标体系中各层次的权值．最后再运用该指标体系对课题组研究的“二六”工程规划进行可量化的评价，在此基础上提出了有效规划方案，让决策者面对多种农村能源系统生态工程建设方案有选择的科学依据．     

某地下储气库职业病危害控制效果评价

目的:分析某地下储气库项目存在的职业病危害因素,评价职业病危害防护设施及其效果,提出职业病控制措施和建议.方法:采用现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测法、检查表法等方法进行综合分析与评价.结果:该地下储气库项目存在的主要职业病危害因素有甲烷、其他低碳烃类化合物、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、噪声、工频电场和高温等,所有危害因素的检测结果均符合国家法律法规及相关标准.项目总体布局、生产设备布局、职业病防护设施、个人使用的防护用品、职业卫生管理、卫生辅助用室设置等均符合国家有关规定.结论:该项目采取的职业病危害防护设施符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求,从职业卫生角度分析,该项目可行.     

陕西省能源消费的组合预测

组合预测理论及建模技术对于信息不完备的复杂经济系统具有一定的实用性。鉴于能源消费系统的复杂性及非线性的特征,文章首先利用陕西能源消费量的历史数据,分别采用指数回归模型、能源需求弹性回归模型及灰色模型建立了陕西省能源消费系统的单项预测模型。其次,采用标准差法进行非负权重分配,建立了陕西省能源消费量的组合预测模型。结果表明,加入时间虚拟变量和分段建模的预测精度明显提高,且组合预测模型的精度高于单项预测模型。最后,应用该模型对陕西未来10年的能源消费量进行了预测。     

不确定性能源电力系统-碳贸易模型及其应用——以天津为例

文章将不确定能源电力系统碳贸易模型用于天津市的能源系统规划与碳管理中。研究基于融入区间和随机不确定性优化理论构建了区间随机碳贸易模型,可以处理表现为随机和区间形式的不确定性信息,并可以有效的对能源电力系统中的碳允许排放定额进行再分配。通过将该模型应用于天津市能源电力系统内,可以证明该模型的可行性。文章提出的模型具体可以实现:保证碳排放量达标的前提下,实现能源电力系统的规划与管理;以及在系统成本最小前提下,生成CO气体减排方案。2     

能源和环境与区域经济协调发展研究

为了使陕西省的能源、环境和经济协调发展,文章基于陕西省目前能源和环境与经济发展现状,构建了能源和环境与经济协调发展的评价指标体系,提出"协调度"来描述该系统的发展状况,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算出各评估指标的权重和分数,分析评价了能源和环境与区域经济发展的协调性。结果表明:陕西省能源、环境和经济目前处于中级协调。     

Energy and environmental attitudes in the green state of Denmark: Implications for energy democracy,low carbon transitions,and energy literacy

This article investigates how a mix of energy-users from Denmark perceives energy and environmental issues such as the affordability of electricity and gasoline, the seriousness of climate change, and preferences for different energy systems. Its primary source of data is a pilot survey and energy literacy test distributed in English and Danish to 328 respondents spread across the country. The survey results are used to test four propositions about energy prices, being “green,” public knowledge and competence about energy issues, and self-sufficiency and sustainable technology. The data supports the propositions that Danes identify with “being green” and prefer national and local policies that endorse sustainable technology and being self-sufficient. However, the data also challenges the propositions that Danes would prioritize low energy prices and affordability as key energy concerns and that they are knowledgeable about energy and environmental issues. In this way, a problematic gap may exist between what many academic articles (and previous surveys) report Danish attitudes to be and what this study suggests they are. Given Denmark's ambitious low-carbon goals, these findings have clear relevance to other communities and countries seeking to decarbonize their own energy sectors.     

Does the energy labelling system for domestic tumble dryers serve its purpose?

Tumble dryers sold on the market today are labelled according to their energy efficiency. This labelling system has primarily two purposes: to guide buyers to a product with low energy use, lower cost and lower environmental impact and to encourage producers to develop even more energy-efficient products. Tumble dryers are optimized for their maximum capacity, which is used as the standard load for determining the energy label. Three different tumble dryers have been tested with different drying loads. Results indicate that all the tested tumble dryers have significantly lower energy efficiency when drying small loads. In order to encourage the development of tumble dryers with high energy efficiency at drying loads used in ordinary households, the standards for the energy labelling system should be revised.     

Partitioning of resources in production: an empirical analysis

Industrial economies ingest materials, energy and information to produce goods and services and excrete wastes and emissions. Wastes can be minimized and the relative amounts of resources, which go into goods and services, as opposed to waste, are essential to clean production and to the sustainability of the production system. A regression model based on empirical data is presented that provides a partition coefficient expressing the ratio of energy (or material) resources invested in goods to energy going to waste. Partition coefficients are developed for five countries and are shown to be related to GDP, energy and material consumption and energy and waste intensities. Higher partition coefficients mean higher productivity and lower energy, waste and material intensities. In addition, energy use/capita and pollution/capita is lower. The price of energy to the industrial sector is related to the partition coefficient. The policy implications are that partitioning of resources to goods should be maximized and waste minimized for economic as well as environmental reasons.     

新时期如何增强监测站活力的思考

论述了在建立新的社会主义市场经济体制的进程中，监测站要想增强活力，必须走向市场。阐述了监测站走入市场后必奖促进监测事业的发展，提高监测总体技术水平。     

Transport of fish from Norway: energy analysis using industrial ecology as the framework

In this article, industrial ecology is used as a framework for analysing transport energy and its implication for products. The importance of the energy use for transport in a natural resource production system is analysed. By using fish as a case study, it is shown that the amount of energy for transport is highly dependent on the transport mode used. When applying industrial ecology principles for making assessments of the environmental impacts of products, the whole product chain is examined. This is an extended life-cycle approach, which also includes the transport of the finished products from the exporter to the importing country. This last part of the transport chain can be extremely energy demanding, as is shown for the case of fish transport. This finding has implications for the products, and for the form in which the products should be transported. Increasing the energy efficiency of production systems is an important industrial ecology principle, and must be taken into consideration when analysing product chains. A revision of today's practice of transporting large quantities of fresh whole fish by transcontinental airliners is bound to be necessary. This is a consequence of the demands for increased energy efficiency of tomorrow's industrial production systems.     

Seven suppositions about energy security in the United States

Changing the patterns of energy use requires investigating how energy consumers - not experts - conceive of energy challenges. This article explores the varying beliefs, attitudes, and views on energy security in the United States among experts and residents. Based primarily on an academic literature review to distill expert views, and a survey distributed to hundreds of residents in the U.S. to capture consumer views, the study begins by explaining its methodology before identifying seven suppositions related to energy security. These suppositions involve security of fuel supply, energy democracy, energy research and development, affordability of energy services, environmental pollution, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. The second section of the study tests these suppositions with a survey distributed to 427 respondents in the United States. Three suppositions are supported, two are unsupported, and two are neither supported nor unsupported. The final section of the study offers implications for U.S. energy policy and scholarship.     

Improving the environmental performance of machine-tools: influence of technology and throughput on the electrical energy consumption of a press-brake

Machine-tools have been identified as one of the main energy-using products to be analyzed in an Ecodesign perspective, targeting the reduction of their environmental impact. Following this, machine-tool manufacturers are committed to anticipate eminent regulations and are looking for guidelines to improve their products on an effective and low-cost manner. This paper describes part of the energy consumption study followed in the frame of the Ecodesign of a commercial press-brake. All-hydraulic and all-electric commercially available systems, of different capacities and working in real production scenarios, have been included. From this study, a preliminary version of an LCI dataset for the bending process is proposed, structured in technology, machine capacity and usage mode categories, and using the bending cycle as the reference unit. The energy consumption per category was estimated based on a specific process energy model built as a function of the referred parameters. The contribution of the respective machine-tool structure to the environmental impact of the machining process is to be included, targeting the completion of such machining unit process dataset. The full LCA of an all-hydraulic system revealed the significant contribution of the machine-tool structure to the global life-cycle environmental impact of the machine (about 40%), while electricity during use phase contributes with about 46% to the total impact. This contradicts the general results published for other metal and non-metal forming processes, and is understood to be related with the discrete loading character of such forming processes here discussed.     

Life cycle assessment of coated white board: a case study in China

Life cycle assessment was carried out using IMPACT2002+ to estimate the environmental impact of coated white board production, which is common in China. Normalized results showed that the potential impacts of respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming, and non-renewable energy had a dominant contributions to overall environmental impact. Specifically, emissions from chemical and energy production processes exhibited higher potential impact (more than 80% of the total contribution) on the environment than that of emissions generated from transport, landfill, wastewater treatment, and paper plants infrastructure. Energy recovery from black liquor and energy generation based on natural gas are key factors in reducing overall environmental potential impact. The current paper presents improvements on the environmental performance of a coated white board production site in China.     

改善能源结构控制大气污染

分析了秦皇岛市能源结构变化及大气环境污染发展的趋势,对2000,2010年大气环境质量及能源消费结构状况进行了预测,分别提出了在秦皇岛市推广使用型煤、改善能源消费结构的具体方案,并预测其控制大气污染的效果。      

区域能源效率测算及影响分析——基于三阶段DEA方法

文章运用三阶段DEA方法,测算了2010～2017年间全国30个省、市能源效率,并将剔除环境要素和随机扰动影响的效率值与传统DEA分析结果进行比较.结果显示,剔除环境要素和随机扰动之前,我国绝大多数省规模效率高于纯技术效率,导致规模效率被高估,存在投入不足的情况;通过三阶段DEA结果,中国地区间规模报酬都处于递增趋势,...