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1.
Gilbert Gude 《The Environmentalist》1984,4(1):47-50
Summary When people are in government, they are always involved in some type of information communication, but for more than five
years now I have been involved with the Congressional Research Service, CRS, an institution which is totally committed to
research and transfer of information to the United States Congress. The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for
congress—for al the members and all the committees; and CRS’s scope—information, reference and research—covers all subject
areas, including environmental issues, which are of congressional interest. The inquiries from members and staff—by phone,
letter or in person—exceed 400 000 a year, and the number of requests has increased at an average rate of almost 9 percent
each year over the past decade. Small wonder the service employs about 825 people, 550 of whom are professionals.
Gilbert Gude is Director of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, appointed by Librarian Daniel J.
Boorstin in January 1977. Mr Gude’s career in public service began in 1953 when he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates;
he served as a Member of the Maryland State Senate from 1962–1966, before being elected to the US House of Representatives
for the 8th District of Maryland in 1967. During his 10-year career in the House he served as ranking member of the Subcommittee
on Conservation, Energy and Natural Resources of the Government Operations Committee and ranking member of the Committee on
the District of Columbia; he was also a member of the Select Committee on Aging. Mr Gude’s legislative work concentrated in
the areas of urban and regional affairs and environmental issues. He was a key sponsor of the bill creating the C&O Canal
National Historical Park and developed a number of legislative initiatives involving the Potomac River. Mr Gude is Vice Chairman
of the Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America and a member of the National Academy of Public Administration.
He is a former member of Members of Congress for Peace Through Law and former chairman of the 1976 Anglo-American Conference
on Africa. Mr Gude received a B.S. from Cornell University in 1948 and an M.A. in public administration from George Washington
University in 1958. 相似文献
2.
Summary A comparative study of Survey of India topo-maps of 1929 and land satellite imageries in False Colour Combination (FCC) of
1975 indicates a loss of 43% and 46% of the reserved forest around Sambalpur and Jharsuguda respectively, besides other forest
types in a radius of twenty miles. Deforestation is found to be an accelerating process where the rate of loss is estimated
to be more during 1970–75 and 1960–70 in comparison to 1950–60 from a semilogarithmic trend curve between 1929 and 1975. This
curve also fits to a hypothesis that the rate of deforestation is faster after 1950 (after developmental plan periods came
into force).
An analysis of the climatic data indicates a decrease in rainfall and number of rainy days, and morning relative humidity.
The mean minimum and maximum temperature, evening relative humidity and atmospheric pressure show increasing trends.
Relationships between forest loss and climatic parameters are significant for morning relative humidity, rainy days, maximum
temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Considering the loss of storage capacity of the Hirakud reservoir due to severe deforestation in the catchment area, suggestions
are given for natural forest preservation.
Arttabandhu Mishra graduated in Science (Zoology Honours) and Education from Utkal University; postgraduated from Berhampur
University, India. At present he is a Lecturer in School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University and Secretary of Orissa Environmental
Consciousness Society. His fields of interests are Productivity and Energetics of Forest Ecosystems, Environmental Education
and Community Education. He has published seven papers on the above fields and a number bf popular articles. He tries to use
folk literature as media to carry scientific messages.
Madhab C. Dash, obtained his B.Sc. (Hens), M.Sc. from Utkal University, India and Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada.
At present he is Professor and Head, School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, a fellow of the Zoological Society of
India, the National Institute of Ecology and the National Academy of Sciences, India. His major areas of research and writing
are on the functional role of soil organisms in the decomposer subsystem of ecosystems, He has published seventy-five papers
on taxonomy, biology, population ecology, metabolic functions, energy flow modelling, role in soft fertility and waste conditioning
ability of Oligochaetes, nematodes, protozoa and soil microorganisms. Professor Dash has contributed specialised chapters
in major treaties published by Cambridge University Press, UK; John Wiley and Sons, USA; and Academic Press, New York, USA. 相似文献
3.
Robert C. Baron 《The Environmentalist》1982,2(2):133-141
Summary The growth in the application of computers is one of the major developments of the last half of the 20th Century. There have
already been substantial changes in society because of the computer, but even greater changes lie ahead. This paper defines
some of the characteristics and applications of computers, as well as some of their limitations. It closes with comments on
the implications of the development of ‘a new class of illiterates’—those who are unfamiliar with or even afraid of the computer
as an aid in measurement, analysis, record keeping, communication and education.
Robert C. Baron has over 25 years experience in the computer industry, as an engineer and as an executive. He was program
manager for the Mariner II (Venus) and the Mariner IV (Mars) on board space computers. He was worldwide systems manager for
Honeywell's minicomputer business. In 1972, he founded Prime Computer and was its first president. He is currently working
as a writer, lecturer and consultant on the development and application of computer and communication technology. Mr. Baron
is the author or contributor to six books and has written over 40 papers and speeches. 相似文献
4.
Responding to the World Conservation Strategy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
P. H. Selman 《The Environmentalist》1985,5(4):263-268
Summary The nature, achievements and shortcomings of the World Conservation Strategy (WCS) are reviewed. In particular, the National Conservation Strategies (NCS) prepared in response to WCS are discussed, and the differences between developed and less developed countries are noted in this respect. Special attention is paid to the UK follow-up. It is concluded that more emphasis must be placed on popularizing WCS and on acquiring a more balanced appreciation of conservation.Dr Paul Selman is lecturer in Environmental Management at the University of Stirling. He holds qualifications in environmental science and town planning from East Anglia, Heriot-Watt and Stirling Universities, and has worked as a local authority planner as well as in higher education. He has published extensively on the interface between planning and ecology. 相似文献
5.
Blair T. Bower 《The Environmentalist》1984,4(4):253-264
Summary This paper presents an overview of: (1) the institutional context of the environmental pollution sector of environmental quality
management; (2) accomplishments and problems in some representative subsectors; and (3) prospects.
The author describes levels of government within the US federal system and lists types of organizational structures, explains
the division of responsibilities for managing environmental quality among legislative bodies/executive agencies, state and
federal courts, and state public utility commission, and notes the significant role of nongovernmental environmental groups.
In order to assess both the past performance and present status of environmental quality management in the United States,
Bower cites some specific and generic problems in such subsectors as water quality, soil erosion, air quality, and hazardous
wastes. He goes on to characterize recent approaches and their results using these observations as a basis for an appraisal
of future prospects in the context of intermedia impacts and multiple modes of impact on various species.
Remarks prepared for presentation at theColloque International, Les Politiques de l'Environnement Face à la Crise, Paris, 10–12 January, 1984.
Blair T. Bower, a Registered Civil Engineer, is a Consultant in Residence at Resources For the Future in Washington, DC. He
has worked extensively in the US and abroad on environmental quality management with such international organizations as the
UN, WHO, OAS, and OECD. His current involvements include consultancies with the US National Oceans and Atmospheric Administration,
Strategic Assessments Branch/Oceans Assessment Division; as Leader for Utilization of Coastal Water Problem Areas/Analyzing
Biospheric Change Programme, International Federation of Institutes for Advances Study; and with the Office of Policy Analysis/US
Environmental Protection Agency. An early supporter of integrated approaches to natural resource/environmental planning and
management and to residuals disposal, Mr Bower is the author of many publications on a wide range of environmental topics
and management options. 相似文献
6.
Abel Wolman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(6):895-901
The following paper was presented by Dr. Abel Wolman at the Plenary Session of the 22nd Annual Conference of the American Water Resources Association in Atlanta, Georgia, November 10, 1986. Dr. Wolman is Professor Emeritus of Sanitary Engineering at The Johns Hopkins University. He was educated at Johns Hopkins and has received an Honorary Doctor of Engineering (1937) and Honorary Doctor of Laws (1969) from his alma mater. Dr. Wolman held a number of positions before joing the faculty of The Johns Hopkins University as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Sanitary Engineering (1937–1959). He has served as consultant for many studies and projects, in the United States and overseas, and has a long-term record of service to communities, states and governments. A long list of awards and honors include the Sedgwick Memorial Award, APHA; Arthur Sidney Bedell Award, WPCF; Hemisphere Award, inter-American Association of Sanitary Engineers; U.S. Award of the National Medal of Science; Tyler Award, Ecological Society of America; Ben Gurion Award from the State of israel; and the Gordon Maskew Fair Award, WPCA. He is author, co-author or editor of four books and over 3000 technical publications, most in refereed journals. 相似文献
7.
Zhores A. Medvedev 《The Environmentalist》1987,7(3):201-209
Summary The author describes events subsequent to the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and something of their environmental impact as it affects the Soviet Union. He is somewhat adversely critical of the lack of information currently being released by the Soviet authorities.Dr Zhores Medvedev was born in Tbilisi, and trained firstly as a plant biochemist and subsequently as a molecular biologist in the USSR. He studied the ecological effects of the 1958 Kyshtym nuclear accident in the USSR and published his findings in a bookNuclear Disaster in the Urals in 1979. He is currently a research scientist at the National Institute of Medical Research in London. A comprehensive analysis ofSoviet Agriculture is about to appear in a book of that title under Dr. Medvedev's authorship. 相似文献
8.
MacMynowski DP 《Environmental management》2007,39(6):831-842
The conceptual rubric of ecosystem management has been widely discussed and deliberated in conservation biology, environmental
policy, and land/resource management. In this paper, I argue that two critical aspects of the ecosystem management concept
require greater attention in policy and practice. First, although emphasis has been placed on the “space” of systems, the
“time”—or rates of change—associated with biophysical and social systems has received much less consideration. Second, discussions
of ecosystem management have often neglected the temporal disconnects between changes in biophysical systems and the response
of social systems to management issues and challenges. The empirical basis of these points is a case study of the “Crown of
the Continent Ecosystem,” an international transboundary area of the Rocky Mountains that surrounds Glacier National Park
(USA) and Waterton Lakes National Park (Canada). This project assessed the experiences and perspectives of 1) middle- and
upper-level government managers responsible for interjurisdictional cooperation, and 2) environmental nongovernment organizations
with an international focus. I identify and describe 10 key challenges to increasing the extent and intensity of transboundary
cooperation in land/resource management policy and practice. These issues are discussed in terms of their political, institutional,
cultural, information-based, and perceptual elements. Analytic techniques include a combination of environmental history,
semistructured interviews with 48 actors, and text analysis in a systematic qualitative framework. The central conclusion
of this work is that the rates of response of human social systems must be better integrated with the rates of ecological change. This challenge is equal
to or greater than the well-recognized need to adapt the spatial scale of human institutions to large-scale ecosystem processes and transboundary wildlife. 相似文献
9.
B. V. Cave 《The Environmentalist》1984,4(4):305-316
Summary This article outlines the historical background of the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire and the Acts of Parliament which
have affected its landscape character. Problems relating to the present situation are discussed. These include rights of access,
common rights, sales of public land, intrusion of industry, open cast mining and tourism. The suggestion is put forward that
there should be a new Act of Parliament establishing a Dean Forest Authority which would be an autonomous estate management
body with an executive committee drawn from the many interests in the district. The Forestry Commission, which is at present
responsible for management, with its main concern that of commercial tree growing, is not considered to be sufficiently sympathetic
to local needs.
The author originally intended reading for a Forestry degree at Oxford, but eventually took a degree in Botany at that University
(1957). For some time he was Biology teacher at King Edward VI's School, Norwich, and Head of Science at the Blyth School,
Norwich. Since establishing the Centre for Environmental Studies for the Gloucestershire Education Authority in the Forest
of Dean in 1969 he has become closely involved with a number of conservation organisations in Gloucestershire. He was for
a time chairman of the Dean branch of the Council for the Protection of Rural England and the North Dean Reserves Committee
of the Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation. Besides writing the occasional paper on field studies and local history
he writes a ‘Conservation Piece’ monthly for the local papers. He has been an outspoken critic on a number of local issues
on radio, television and in local inquiries. 相似文献
10.
Progress of the United Nations Environment Program, Earthwatch, since its inception in 1972 is critically reviewed. The conclusion is reached that, while UNEP has provided support for several important programs in cooperation with United Nations specialized agencies, the new global assessment perspective envisioned at the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment has not evolved. A framework is proposed calling for threshold criteria, statements of current conditions, predictions of trends to be watched, and alerts to warn of approaching environmental threats. A network of world, regional, and national assessment centers is recommended based on existing centers-of-excellence.Formerly a deputy associate administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). He was supported, in part, for this work under Department of State contract number 1751-000300, with project title: Global Environmental Monitoring System, 1979.National Marine Pollution Program Office, NOAA.The opinions and recommendations presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Commerce, or the U.S. Government. 相似文献
11.
Understanding interactions between large ships and large whales is important to estimate risks posed to whales by ships. The
coastal waters of Alaska are a summer feeding area for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as well as a prominent destination for large cruise ships. Lethal collisions between cruise ships and humpback whales have
occurred throughout Alaska, including in Glacier Bay National Park (GBNP). Although the National Park Service (NPS) establishes
quotas and operating requirements for cruise ships within GBNP in part to minimize ship–whale collisions, no study has quantified
ship–whale interactions in the park or in state waters where ship traffic is unregulated. In 2008 and 2009, an observer was
placed on ships during 49 different cruises that included entry into GBNP to record distance and bearing of whales that surfaced
within 1 km of the ship’s bow. A relative coordinate system was developed in ArcGIS to model the frequency of whale surface
events using kernel density. A total of 514 whale surface events were recorded. Although ship–whale interactions were common
within GBNP, whales frequently surfaced in front of the bow in waters immediately adjacent to the park (west Icy Strait) where
cruise ship traffic is not regulated by the NPS. When ships transited at speeds >13 knots, whales frequently surfaced closer
to the ship’s midline and ship’s bow in contrast to speeds slower than 13 knots. Our findings confirm that ship speed is an
effective mitigation measure for protecting whales and should be applied to other areas where ship–whale interactions are
common. 相似文献
12.
Bruce W. Davis 《The Environmentalist》1985,5(4):269-278
Summary This overview paper examines past Australian conservation controversies and experiences to identify prospective means of ameliorating environmental conflict in the future. Since all community disputes should be resolved by means of political and administrative actions, emphasis is placed on federalism and intergovernmental relations, and measures are suggested which might improve environmental policy and practices in the future.Dr Bruce W. Davis is currently Head of the Department of Political Science, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, and member of the Council of the University of Tasmania. He possesses qualifications and professional experience in engineering, economics and administration. He has numerous publications within the fields of public sector planning and natural resources management, and acts in an advisory and consulting capacity to State and Federal agencies involved in national parks administration, heritage conservation and land-use planning.In addition to University commitments, Dr Davis holds the following appointments: Commissioner, Australian Heritage Commission; Member, Australian National Commission for UNESCO, Man and Biosphere Program; Trustee, World Wildlife Fund Australia; Councillor, Australian Conservation Foundation; and Consultant to IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 相似文献
13.
Research has found that human-caused noise can detract from the quality of the visitor experience in national parks and related
areas. Moreover, impacts to the visitor experience can be managed by formulating indicators and standards of quality as suggested
in park and outdoor recreation management frameworks, such as Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP), as developed
by the U.S. National Park Service. The research reported in this article supports the formulation of indicators and standards
of quality for human-caused noise at Muir Woods National Monument, California. Phase I identified potential indicators of
quality for the soundscape of Muir Woods. A visitor “listening exercise” was conducted, where respondents identified natural
and human-caused sounds heard in the park and rated the degree to which each sound was “pleasing” or “annoying.” Certain visitor-caused
sounds such as groups talking were heard by most respondents and were rated as annoying, suggesting that these sounds may
be a good indicator of quality. Loud groups were heard by few people but were rated as highly annoying, whereas wind and water
were heard by most visitors and were rated as highly pleasing. Phase II measured standards of quality for visitor-caused noise.
Visitors were presented with a series of 30-second audio clips representing increasing amounts of visitor-caused sound in
the park. Respondents were asked to rate the acceptability of each audio clip on a survey. Findings suggest a threshold at
which visitor-caused sound is judged to be unacceptable, and is therefore considered as noise. A parallel program of sound
monitoring in the park found that current levels of visitor-caused sound sometimes violate this threshold. Study findings
provide an empirical basis to help formulate noise-related indicators and standards of quality in parks and related areas. 相似文献
14.
Summary Actions during most of this decade concerning where and how to locate a repository for high-level commercial and defence nuclear wastes have been guided by the National Environmental Policy Act and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. Issues of repository siting have been controversial, and in December 1987 Congress passed the Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act, which identified Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the nation's first and only site to be characterized for a potential repository. This decision has generated understudied questions regarding the role of science and ethics derived from the mandates of the legislation and use of environmental impact methodology which is predicated upon a positivistic model of science. Because of the importance of choosing an acceptable repository site to protect humans and natural resources for thousands of years into the future, the broadest spectrum of views and in-depth critiques of the role of science in the repository program is required in order that understudied questions can be resolved.John Lemons is the Chairperson of the Department of Life Sciences at the University of New England and, the Editor-in-Chief of the journalThe Environmental Professional. He has authored numerous articles on nuclear waste management, pollution, and wilderness management.Donald Brown is the Director of the Bureau of Hazardous Sites and Superfund Enforcement for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 221 North Second Street, 3rd Floor, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17101. He has published numerous papers on the interface between philosophy and science as it relates to public policy making on environmental issues. 相似文献
15.
According to the Seventh National Forest Inventory (2004–2008), China’s forests cover an area of 195.45 million ha, or 20.36%
of the total land area. China has the most rapidly increasing forest resources in the world. However, China is also a country
with serious forest pest problems. There are more than 8,000 species of potential forest pests in China, including insects,
plant diseases, rodents and lagomorphs, and hazardous plants. Among them, 300 species are considered as economically or ecologically
important, and half of these are serious pests, including 86 species of insects. Forest management and utilization have a
considerable influence on the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. At the national level, forestry policies
always play a major role in forest resource management and forest health protection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive
overview of both achievements and challenges in forest management and insect pest control in China. First, we summarize the
current status of forest resources and their pests in China. Second, we address the theories, policies, practices and major
national actions on forestry and forest insect pest management, including the Engineering Pest Management of China, the National
Key Forestry Programs, the Classified Forest Management system, and the Collective Forest Tenure Reform. We analyze and discuss
three representative plantations—Eucalyptus, poplar and Masson pine plantations—with respect to their insect diversity, pest problems and pest management measures. 相似文献
16.
China’s new Classification-Based Forest Management (CFM) is a two-class system, including Commodity Forest (CoF) and Ecological
Welfare Forest (EWF) lands, so named according to differences in their distinct functions and services. The purposes of CFM
are to improve forestry economic systems, strengthen resource management in a market economy, ease the conflicts between wood
demands and public welfare, and meet the diversified needs for forest services in China. The formative process of China’s
CFM has involved a series of trials and revisions. China’s central government accelerated the reform of CFM in the year 2000
and completed the final version in 2003. CFM was implemented at the provincial level with the aid of subsidies from the central
government. About a quarter of the forestland in China was approved as National EWF lands by the State Forestry Administration
in 2006 and 2007. Logging is prohibited on National EWF lands, and their landowners or managers receive subsidies of about
70 RMB (US$10) per hectare from the central government. CFM represents a new forestry strategy in China and its implementation
inevitably faces challenges in promoting the understanding of forest ecological services, generalizing nationwide criteria
for identifying EWF and CoF lands, setting up forest-specific compensation mechanisms for ecological benefits, enhancing the
knowledge of administrators and the general public about CFM, and sustaining EWF lands under China’s current forestland tenure
system. CFM does, however, offer a viable pathway toward sustainable forest management in China. 相似文献
17.
Norman Myers 《The Environmentalist》1987,7(3):163-174
Summary Our environmental situation continues to decline faster than ever. This is demonstrated by, the growing spread of pollution of both the water and atmospheric systems, erosion of topsoil, tropical deforestation, desertification, mass extinction of species, depletion of the ozone layer, and climatic dislocations. Compounding the impact of these problems is growth in human numbers in developing countries, together with the associated factor of extensive poverty. The author asks why our environmental situation should continue to decline, despite a remarkable outburst of awareness on the part of the general public and its political leaders since the time of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. The author concludes that the problem does not lie with inadequate effort, rather with misdirected effort: we persist in tackling the symptoms of problems, rather than the problems themselves, let alone the sources of the problems. The paper broaches these issues within a context of fast-growing interdependence among the community of nations — both economic and ecological interdependence — which presents yet more problems, but also raises many opportunities for creative action.Professor Norman Myers is a consultant in environment and development. He has worked since 1970 on the general subject area of environment and natural resources, with emphasis on species, gene reservoirs and tropical forests. He was undertaken this consultancy work for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, US National Academy of Sciences, the World Bank, OECD, the Smithsonian Institution, UN agencies, World Resources Institute, US National Research Council and IUCN, among other organizations. His main professional interest lies with resource relationships between the developed and developing worlds.Among his recent publications areThe Sinking Ark (Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York, 1979);Conversion of Tropical Moist Forests (National Research Council, Washington D.C., 1980);A Wealth of Wild Species (Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1983);The Primary Source (W. W. Norton, New York, 1984); andThe Gaia Atlas of Planet Management (Doubleday, New York, and Pan Books, London, 1985).Norman Myers is an Advisory Board Member and regular contributor toThe Environmentalist. 相似文献
18.
Sea-level rise: Destruction of threatened and endangered species habitat in South Carolina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concern for the environment has increased over the past century, and the US Congress has responded to this concern by passing
legislation designed to protect the nation’s ecological biodiversity. This legislation, culminating with the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, has been instrumental in defining methods for identifying and protecting endangered or threatened species and
their habitats. Current legislation, however, assumes that the range of a protected species will stay constant over time.
This assumption may no longer be valid, as the unprecedented increase in the number and concentration of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere has the potential to cause a global warming of 1.0–4.5°C and a sea-level rise (SLR) of 31–150 cm by the
year 2100. Changes in climate of this magnitude are capable of causing shifts in the population structure and range of most
animal species.
This article examines the effects that SLR may have on the habitats of endangered and threatened species at three scales.
At the regional scale 52 endangered or threatened plant and animal species were found to reside within 3 m of mean sea level
in the coastal stages of the US Southeast. At the state level, the habitats of nine endangered or threatened animals that
may be at risk from future SLR were identified. At the local level, a microscale analysis was conducted in the Cape Romain
National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, USA, on the adverse effects that SLR may have on the habitats of the American alligator,
brown pelican, loggerhead sea turtle, and wood stork.
Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA; managed by
Martin Marietta Energy Systems. Inc. for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400. 相似文献
19.
The importance of preserving both protected areas and their surrounding landscapes as one of the major conservation strategies
for tigers has received attention over recent decades. However, the mechanism of how land-use surrounding protected areas
affects the dynamics of tiger populations is poorly understood. We developed Panthera Population Persistence (PPP)—an individual-based
model—to investigate the potential mechanism of the Sumatran tiger population dynamics in a protected area and under different
land-use scenarios surrounding the reserve. We tested three main landscape compositions (single, combined and real land-uses
of Tesso-Nilo National Park and its surrounding area) on the probability of and time to extinction of the Sumatran tiger over
20 years in Central Sumatra. The model successfully explains the mechanisms behind the population response of tigers under
different habitat landscape compositions. Feeding and mating behaviours of tigers are key factors, which determined population
persistence in a heterogeneous landscape. All single land-use scenarios resulted in tiger extinction but had a different probability
of extinction within 20 years. If tropical forest was combined with other land-use types, the probability of extinction was
smaller. The presence of agroforesty and logging concessions adjacent to protected areas encouraged the survival of tiger
populations. However, with the real land-use scenario of Tesso-Nilo National Park, tigers could not survive for more than
10 years. Promoting the practice of agroforestry systems surrounding the park is probably the most reasonable way to steer
land-use surrounding the Tesso-Nilo National Park to support tiger conservation. 相似文献
20.
Gbadebo J. Osemeobo 《The Environmentalist》1992,12(2):101-108
Summary Nigerian efforts in agricultural development over the past three decades have failed to improve the country's economy. A review of the sector depicts a gloomy picture. Performance is reflected in environmental degradation, mounting food deficits, and decline in both gross domestic product and export earnings, while retail food prices and import bills have been increasing. These effects have further impoverished the smallholder farmers, locking them into a poverty web. The Government must seek to establish agricultural strategies which promote political stability, self reliance, public participation, sustained production and environmental security.Dr Gbadebo J. Osemeobo is a land use and conservation specialist working for the Nigerian Tropical Forestry Action Programme. He received from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, a BSc in 1976, an MSc in 1982 and a PhD in 1985. His research interests are in rural land use, habitat/biotic preservation, and environmental conservation. He has worked in various capacities with the Federal Department of Forestry; as Head of the Zugurma Sector of Kainji Lake National Park, 1978–1980; as Head, Regional Offices of the Federal Department of Forestry in Benin and Abeokuta, 1981–1989; and as a specialist in the Tropical Forestry Action Programme from 1990 to the present time. 相似文献