Neutron activation method in the analysis of environmental objects

ＮｅｕｔｒｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓＧ．Ｍ．Ｋｏｌｅｓｏｖ（Ｖ．Ｉ．ＶｅｒｎａｄｓｋｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｃｈｅｍ。＆Ａｎａｌ．Ｃｈｅｍ．，ＲｕｓｓｉａｎＡｃａｄ...     

外源Ni对小麦孕穗期生长发育和成熟期产量的影响及其Ni毒害临界值

为探明小麦孕穗期毒害效应与成熟期籽实产量间的关系,实现中期毒害效应诊断与评价,以春小麦"冀张春3号"为材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了外源Ni对小麦孕穗期植株生长和成熟期籽实产量的影响,并对不同生育期的生理指标进行了相关分析.结果表明,外源Ni会增加小麦孕穗期株高和叶片干质量,减少茎秆和穗干质量,降低成熟期籽实产量,投加Ni量≥100 mg·kg~(-1)时出现明显抑制作用,茎秆、穗干质量和籽实产量均明显下降(p0.05);小麦孕穗期各器官中Ni含量和富集系数由大到小的顺序为:根系穗茎秆叶片,外源Ni会明显增加小麦孕穗期各器官和籽实中Ni含量,其中,小麦穗和籽实中Ni含量和富集系数随Ni投加量的增加均呈二次吸收富集高峰.相关分析结果表明,土壤中各形态Ni含量与小麦孕穗期各器官和籽实中Ni含量均呈显著正相关(p0.05,p0.01),根系和穗中Ni及土壤不同形态Ni含量与茎秆、穗干质量和籽实产量呈显著负相关(p0.05,p0.01),茎秆和穗干质量与籽实产量均呈显著正相关(p0.05).研究提出,利用小麦孕穗期毒害效应突变点指标表征小麦外源Ni毒害临界值是可行的,其毒害临界值指标为:土壤全Ni含量为139.08 mg·kg~(-1),土壤有效态Ni(DTPA提取)含量为21.59 mg·kg~(-1),小麦穗Ni含量为19.17 mg·kg~(-1),小麦根系Ni含量为318.49 mg·kg~(-1).     

Microwave digestion method in environmental analysis

Ｍｉｃｒｏｗａｖｅｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ（ＷａｄｓｗｏｒｔｈＣｅｎｔｒｅ，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＳｔａｔｅＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｅａｌｔｈＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈ，Ｓ...     

A study on the environmental background values in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet

A study on the elemental composition of aerosol, water and soil in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet, was carried out in the period of 1982 to 1984. Samples of aerosol particles were collected by cascade impactor and analyzed for 10 elements by PIXE. Samples of ice, snow and water were collected and analyzed for trace metals, major cations and anions. The pH values of water were at quasi-neutrality or neutrality, and the hardness of water was low. Contents and physico-chemical composition of 20 elements in the major types of soil were determined by physico-chemical methods. Levels of elements in soil varied with soil type and their parent materials. Contents of some elements were higher in the substratum soil derived from in situ than in the surface soil. The region was in a remote area with negligible pollution and could be considered as a good location for measuring the baskground value of environmental sample.     

酸沉降临界负荷研究中的不确定性

从临界负荷的定义,所选用的指示生物及其化学临界值,目前所运用的研究方法,实测资料的缺乏等方面讨论了临界负荷研究中存在的不确定性,指出目前应用于酸沉降临界负荷研究中的稳态和动态模型的模拟能力学很有限,有待进一步完善和发展。     

河流陆域环境交互区域风险评估方法研究

河流为人类社会的发展做出了巨大贡献,陆域的生产生活活动也给河流带来了不可忽视的影响,因此研究两者交互区域的风险评估并确定优先保护区域,对于促进两个系统健康发展具有十分重要的意义.本文从系统论角度出发,充分考虑了河流与陆域两个系统之间的联系与相互作用,分别对两个系统选取不同指标,河流环境系统主要考虑水体的水文、水质、生物、河岸带状况及压力等指标,陆域环境系统主要考虑社会压力指标、现有状态指标和恢复潜力指标,并将两个系统的评价结果带入风险评估矩阵对交互区域所处风险等级进行评价,并对云南省昆明市市内盘龙江河段和老运粮河河段进行了实例验证与分析,得到较为符合实际的评估结果,为今后该地区水体污染治理方向提供了一定的依据.     

A method of analysis of macro water environmental systems

ＡｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｍａｃｒｏｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｓＢａｏＪｉｎｇｌｉｎｇ（ＴｉａｎｊｉｎｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３００１９１，Ｃｈｉ...     

Soil erosion types in the loess hill and gully area of China

ＳｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｔｙｐｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｅｓｓｈｉｌｌａｎｄｇｕｌｌｙａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａＦｕＢｏｊｉｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｅｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｅｉｅｎｃｅ...     

开发建设工程对生态环境资源影响的价值分析

在对开发建设工程的可行性分析应遵循可持续发展的原则基础上,本文尝试从补偿价值的角度利用价值分析的方法论证开发建设项目对环境影响的价值补偿问题.该方法全面地评价了工程建设总体价值与生态环境损失之间的关系,同时又强调了生态环境价值损失在总体评价中的中心地位.文中提出了生态环境可行性指标a作为判断建设项目可行性的科学依据.     

Critical load of sulfur deposition for ecosystemand its application in China

ＣｒｉｔｉｃａｌｌｏａｄｏｆｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａＺｈａｏＤｉａｎｗｕ；ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏｓｈａｎ；ＹａｎｇＪｉａｎｘｉｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅ...     

自然资源功能价值论初探

本文以经典的价值理论为基础,探讨了自然资源的功能价值论,构筑了功能价值估算的基本模型,并对水资源用作渔业、饮用、旅游、农灌等功能价值作了具体阐述和实例计算,为自然资源的价值理论研究提供了一个新的思想角度,在自然资源核算中为自然资源的合理定价探讨了新的途径。     

Determination of environmental pollutants bythermal lens method

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｍａｌｌｅｎｓｍｅｔｈｏｄＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ；ＤｅｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ；ＬｉＣｈａｎｇｌｉｎ（ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＦｕｄａｎＵ...     

A comparative analysis between composite indexes of environmental performance: An analysis on the CIEP and EPI

The measurement of environmental impact through composite indexes provides information about the effects of human activities on the ecosystem. Over recent years proposals regarding the environmental composite indexes (ECI) have emerged, suggesting that they can be used to help in decisions about public policies. Due the number of these indicators, issues arise about the asymmetry of information provided, although all ECI seek to measure ecosystem quality or damage. The present paper compares the Composite Index of Environmental Performance (CIEP) (García-Sánchez et al., 2015) and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) (Hsu et al., 2014) in order to find convergent and divergent characteristics, studying methodological aspects and empirical evidence through statistical analysis, in order to favour the decision-making by stakeholders and to improve the existing ECI in order to determine adequately the environmental impact. The results show that the indexes were developed using different methods and variables, however, they share around 20% identical variables. Despite these differences, the rate of variation in ranking countries between the indexes is 21%, on average. The EPI policy category ‘water & sanitation (effects on humans)’ has two common variables and explains part of the CIEP performance. The effect dimension of the CIEP has one more identical variable and it reduces the individual variation between rank positions.     

大连海域大气气溶胶特征分析

本文分析和讨论了１９９４、１９９５两年在大连石槽海洋大气观测站所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度、富集程度、相互关系等物理、化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素对气溶胶浓度分布特征的影响，对气溶胶的来源也作了简要探讨。     

关于区域环境质量综合评价公式

本文对几种区域环境质量综合评价公式进行了比较,提出一个区域环境质量综合评价模型——标识法.在评价区域内筛选十个以内评价因子,每个因子划分为六个级别,用上下标识法进行评分,即可得知各个因素的污染情况,确定整治目标.     

A novel kinetic procedure for the determination of iron in environmental samples

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｒｏｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄ...     

冲突分析理论方法及其在环境管理中的实例研究

对冲突分析的基本概念和原理做了简要介绍,以环境规划管理的的业务为背景,指出冲突问题的广泛存在和研究冲突分析的必要性,并就＂污染集中治理的投资分摊问题＂进行深入地探讨,提出了5种协商解,通过分析比较,推荐＂不次于N－1方合作收益的协商解＂作为一般问题的解,对于同情弱势方的仲裁者,则推荐＂以不合作为现状点的基于满意度的协商解＂。     

Effect of the air pollution on atmospheric visibility in Beijing-Tianjin area

Simultaneous measurements of air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric visibility were made in Beijing and Tianjin areas in 1983-1985. The relationship between air pollution and visibility was studied. It was found that atmospheric particulates have the most high contribution to visibility decreasing. The percentages of contributions of sulfates and soot are 52-58% and 22-29% respectively. According to the results, we suggest that the emission of SO2 and particulates must be controlled in order to improve the atmospheric visibility.     

乌鲁木齐市区与南郊山区颗粒物污染特征对比分析

利用2017年10月~2018年8月的PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM₁质量浓度数据以及NCEP全球再分析气象资料,分析乌鲁木齐市区和南郊山区颗粒物浓度变化特征,结合HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型、潜在源贡献因子分析(PSCF)以及浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)分析市区颗粒物潜在源区.研究结果表明:①市区PM_2.5的超标天数为26d,南郊山区无PM_2.5超标,市区PM₁₀的超标天数是南郊山区的3.5倍,市区日均值及月均值质量浓度是南郊山区的2~7倍,市区呈现冬高夏低的季节特征,南郊山区春季最高;②乌鲁木齐市区PM₁₀日变化存在3个峰值,PM_2.5、PM₁为双峰型分布,南郊山区均呈双峰分布;并存在季节性周末效应;③长短两支聚类气流轨迹对乌鲁木齐市区颗粒物浓度影响较大,春夏气流来自中亚,秋冬来源于北疆周边地区;④颗粒物潜在源区分布季节特征显著,高值区主要为昌吉、巴州、吐鲁番等周边地区,西北部中亚地区也是颗粒物重要来源区域之一.     

北京市城市生活垃圾特性分析

城市生活垃圾的物理成份随时间和地点的不同有很大的差别，经以热为手段（焚烧和热解）的垃圾处理带来很大困难，尤其是城市生活垃圾中轻质组份的品质和数量是影响其处理质量的关键因素，分析了连续几年北京市城市生活垃圾的组成成份以及变化趋势。