典型覆膜作物土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染的初步研究

对青岛市典型覆膜作物花生和棉花土壤进行调查采集,利用高效液相色谱法分析了土壤中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)4种优控的邻苯二甲酸酯化合物。结果表明,覆膜花生和棉花土壤中4种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物的总含量分别为33.36 mg/kg和25.59 mg/kg,DEHP分别占2种土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯总量的63.89%和59.43%。DEHP和DBP在所有土壤样品中均被检出,覆膜花生土壤中含量较高。按照美国土壤控制标准,4种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物均存在不同程度的超标,所有样品DBP的超标倍数均在110以上,甚至超过治理标准,表明覆膜土壤在一定程度上已经受到邻苯二甲酸酯污染。     

化工废水中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

对北京市五个化工厂的废水中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素进行分析和调查研究.在化工废水中普遍检出的邻苯二甲酸酯有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP),其中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丙酯(DPrP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DAP)和邻苯二甲酸二正己酯(DHP)4种物质未检出.废水中DEHP和DBP的浓度均低于排放标准.     

土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类检测空白研究

通过气质联机法检测六种主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs),对土壤中PAEs检测过程中各个环节进行了空白影响的测定.实验表明,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)三种物质对空白造成的影响较大.试剂污染是土壤中PAEs检测空白偏高的主要原因.而在不同的前处理方法中,水浴浓缩对空白的污染最小.     

长江流域饮用水水源地及国控断面邻苯二甲酸酯赋存状况调查及生态风险评估

于2022年9月,对长江流域饮用水水源地及重要国控断面共37个点位的16种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）残留开展了监测调查及生态风险评估。结果显示,长江流域饮用水水源地和国控断面中检出的PAEs质量浓度为0.499~6.018 μg/L,其中,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）为主要检出物质。不同地区的PAEs赋存水平呈现差异,其中湖南省饮用水水源地的PAEs检出浓度最高。此外,PAEs质量浓度与监测点位所在地区的人口数量和国内生产总值（GDP）存在一定的正相关性。生态风险评估结果表明,DBP处于低风险等级,DIBP对鱼类具有中、高风险影响;而DEHP生态风险水平最高,对藻类、甲壳类和鱼类均表现出中、高风险水平。已有文献研究比对分析发现,2009—2022年长江流域大部分地区的PAEs残留浓度随时间呈下降趋势,且饮用水水源地的PAEs质量浓度比地表水环境更低。研究结果可为长江流域饮用水水源地保护和地表水环境改善提供决策依据。     

南疆棉田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的测定

采用超声萃取和柱分离技术,利用气相色谱法,对棉田环境激素类污染物质邻苯二甲酸酯进行了表层土壤(0～20 cm)分布测定.结果表明,棉田土壤中DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、DAP、DEHP 6种环境激素类污染物均被检出,土壤中PAEs的总含量为1 532.987 mg/kg,其中DEHP的含量最高,DIBP、DBP次...     

荆江航道整治河段饮用水源水酞酸酯健康风险评价

以长江中游荆江航道整治河段范围5处取水口为采样目标,沿相应工程干流采集水样。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS)法和美国环保局推荐健康风险评价法(HRA),分析了5处取水口水中3种酞酸酯(PAEs)的含量及健康风险性。结果表明,荆江河段航道整治范围5处取水口水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)均可检出,且丰水期仅DEHP含量显著高于枯水期,但含量均未超过中国《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)集中式地表水水源地特定项目标准限值;水中DEHP、DBP、DEP经饮水途径非致癌风险小于1,DEHP致癌风险小于10-6,均满足USEPA推荐的健康风险可接受水平(健康风险值小于10-6),亦未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5. 0×10^-5a^-1)。荆江河段航道整治范围饮用水源水中DEHP、DBP、DEP污染风险较小。由于PAEs是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物,在长江水体普遍可检出,存在着一定潜在的风险性,在航道整治过程水源地环境风险管理中需加强监测和防控。     

液液萃取-气质联用法测定饮用水源地水中SVOCs

采用乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶剂（体积比为2∶1）对饮用水源地水中阿特拉津、林丹、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和滴滴涕（含4种）等8种半挥发性有机物进行1次水样萃取,用气质联用法同时测定。试验表明,方法在25．0μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好;检出限在0．006μg/L ～0．028μg/L 之间;空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为87．6％～109％,平行测定6次的 RSD＜5．1％;测定集中式生活饮用水源地的实际水样,未检出目标化合物,加标回收率为98．6％～109％。     

乌鲁木齐市地表饮用水源地水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类健康风险评价

近年来,乌鲁木齐市地表饮用水源地水体中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DOP或DEHP)均有检出。采用USEPA的健康风险评价方法,对乌鲁木齐市地表水饮用水源地水体中DBP和DOP通过饮水和皮肤接触途径进入人体的危害进行风险计算和初步评价。结果表明,各监测点的致癌风险和非致癌风险远低于USEPA和RICRP推荐的可接受风险标准值,初步判断目前乌鲁木齐市地表饮用水源地水体中DBP和DOP不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。     

炭负载膨润土对河岸土铜迁移的影响模拟

采用质量分数为1%的生物炭(C)和生物炭负载膨润土( CB )改良嘉陵江、渠江和涪江(川渝段)8个不同河岸土样,并以土柱实验模拟铜在各改良土样中的迁移和形态变化特征(原土样作为对照)。结果表明：C和CB 的添加均有利于沿岸土对铜的吸附,吸附能力和穿透时间表现为CB 改良土样>C改良土样>原土样;各改良沿岸土样对铜吸附能力表现为上游土样强于下游。供试土柱中铜累积量为16.43 g/kg~56.54 g/kg,且表现为CB改良土样>C改良土样>原土样的趋势。铜结合形态以碳酸盐结合态比例最大,铁锰氧化态次之,可交换态和有机态较少。     

气溶胶PM2.5中内分泌干扰物酞酸酯类的研究

通过选择17种酞酸脂的目标化合物的特征离子对PM2.5样品进行特征离子的扫描,有效建立了高灵敏度的PM2.5酞酸脂类(PAE)的GC-MS-SIM的测定方法;检出限均达到了ng级的水平。气溶胶PM2.5中酞酸脂类(PAE)的污染特征:清洁对照点以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为主;二类区以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)占主导成分。     

水体表面微层中DBP和DEHP的色谱测定

建立了用气相色谱（ＧＣ）和反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰＨＰＬＣ）分析邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）的方法。首次在ＨＰＬＣ中用异丙醇作为流动相分离上述两种化合物,取得满意的结果。ＧＣ的检测限为ＤＢＰ２ｎｇ,ＤＥＨＰ２ｎｇ。ＨＰＬＣ的检测限为ＤＢＰ５ｎｇ,ＤＥＨＰ１０ｎｇ。两种方法都有良好的精密度、回收率,并用这两种分析方法分析了湖水水体表面微层水样中的ＤＢＰ和ＤＥＨＰ     

Flame ionization gas chromatographic determination of phthalate esters in water, surface sediments and fish species in the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos, Nigeria

The detection and quantification of four phthalate esters??dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)??in water, sediment, and some fish species were carried out using flame ionization gas chromatography. The samples were collected from the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos. The DMP was not detected in the water and fish samples but was detected in sediments collected from four of the six sampling sites. The concentration of DEP, DBP, and DEHP in the fish species ranged from 320.0?C810.0, 380.0?C1,080.0, and 40.0?C150.0 ??g/kg in Tilapia sp.; 310.0?C860.0, 400.0?C1,170.0, and 40.0?C110.0 ??g/kg in Chrysichthys sp.; and 320.0?C810.0, 400.0?C3,970.0, and 30.0?C300.0 ??g/kg (DEHP) in Synodontis sp., respectively. The differences in fish phthalate levels are not statistically significant at p?<?0.05, an indication that phthalate esters accumulation is not fish species dependent. The DEP, DBP, and DEHP values recorded are considerably higher than the maximum allowed concentrations for drinking water prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The phthalate pollution index and biosediment accumulation factor values were also calculated.     

江苏某县地下水邻苯二甲酸酯类的检测与风险评价

在江苏某癌症高发区对地下水进行布点,采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定深层地下水和浅层地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)的浓度。检测结果表明,地下水中PAEs污染程度较严重,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)均有超标现象,其中,丰水期深层地下水和枯水期浅层地下水中DBP超标率达到100%,最大超标10.7倍。PAEs总质量浓度均值为10 034.56~14 872.91 ng/L,丰水期总浓度均值大于枯水期,浅层地下水的总浓度均值大于深层地下水。采用优化的USEPA风险评价模型,对PAEs进行人体健康风险评价,评价结果表明,该地区52.5% 地下水的PAEs总致癌风险超过10^-6的水质监控值,总非致癌风险在可接受范围内。     

Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China

The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits.     

鞍山市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的季节变化与功能区差异

采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对辽宁省鞍山市空气颗粒物中15种酞酸酯夏季和冬季的浓度进行了分析测定,研究了酞酸酯污染水平的季节变化,不同功能区酞酸酯浓度的差异,以及DBP和DEHP在夏冬两季中的污染特点,将鞍山市夏冬两季酞酸酯的浓度与国内外部分城市进行了比较,分析了产生上述结果的原因,基本说明了鞍山市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的污染状况。     

Removal of organic toxic chemicals using the spent mushroom compost of Ganoderma lucidum

The removal of the organic toxic chemicals di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) by laccase obtained from the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of the white rot fungi, Ganoderma lucidum, was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of laccase from SMC required using sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, solid : solution ratio 1 : 5), and extraction over 3 h at 4 °C. The removal of NP was enhanced by adding CuSO(4) (1 mM), MnSO(4) (0.5 mM), tartaric acid (20 mM), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 1 mM), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; 20 mg L(-1)), with ABTS yielding a higher NP removal efficiency than the other additives. At a concentration of 2 mg L(-1), DBP, DEHP, NP, and BPA were almost entirely removed by laccase after incubation for 1 day. The removal efficiencies, in descending order of magnitude, were DBP > BPA > NP > DEHP. We believe that these findings could provide useful information for improving the efficiency of the removal of organic toxic chemicals in the environment.     

Distributions of phthalic esters carried by total suspended particulates in Nanjing, China

Atmospheric trace phthalic esters (PAEs) carried by total suspended particulates were systematically investigated. A total of 450 air samples were collected at six typical locations and three specific micro-environmental sites (a stadium with a new plastic track, new cars, and a farming greenhouse with plastic film) in Nanjing metropolitan area of China from April 2009 to January 2010. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The dominant PAEs are dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were found in the atmosphere of Nanjing. The average concentrations of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 10.5?±?1.2, 62.3?±?4.5, and 33.3?±?2.5?ng?m(-3), respectively, constituting 9.9%, 58.7%, and 31.4% of total PAEs (106?±?8.2?ng?m(-3)). (2) The dynamic variations of atmospheric PAEs in the three specific micro-environmental sites showed that the PAE concentrations in the stadium with a new plastic track reduced to normal after 1?month remediation, while new cars need 6?months to remove their effect. The levels of PAEs in a farming greenhouse with plastic film were relatively high, but little PAEs accumulated in vegetables. (3) The vertical profiles from 1.5 to 40?m above ground display some fluctuations in PAE concentration, but no significant height dependence. This information will make a valuable contribution to the examination of the influence of atmospheric PAEs on the environment and human health.