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1.
渤海湾天津沿岸海水中甲肝病毒的检测和定量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甲肝病毒(hepatitis A virus, HAV)是能引起传染性甲型肝炎的单链RNA病毒.用常规RT-PCR(反转录PCR)和SYBR Green实时定量RT-PCR方法,根据甲肝病毒保守的VP1-VP2基因序列设计引物,对渤海湾天津沿岸海水中的甲肝病毒进行了检测和定量分析. 9个样品取自渤海湾天津塘沽以南沿岸海水,取样时间分别是2007年夏、秋、冬季和2008年春季. 海水样品先用小型超滤装置(Millipore Pellicon Mini TFF)或超滤离心管(Millipore Centricon Plus-70)浓缩,然后进行RT-PCR检测.结果表明,从9个海水样品中都能扩增出192 bp的HAV cDNA,这些cDNA的核苷酸序列与GenBank中的同源序列相似性为95%~100%. 用SYBR Green 实时定量RT-PCR检测了春季和冬季的6个海水样品,结果表明,海水中甲肝病毒的浓度范围为5.35×106~4.51×107 virus particles/L. 相似文献
2.
Jennifer Harlow Denise Oudit Ashton Hughes Kirsten Mattison 《Food and environmental virology》2011,3(1):31-34
Shellfish are an important cause of foodborne viral illness. Consumer-friendly cooking recommendations for shellfish could
improve food safety and decrease the risk for infection from contaminated products. Thermal inactivation parameters were established
for hepatitis A virus (HAV) in mussels and validated with cooking experiments. Steaming for only 2–5 min was not sufficient
to inactivate HAV in mussels in all layers of a steamer. Steaming mussels for 6 min was sufficient to inactivate HAV in all
layers. These cooking guidelines produce shellfish with a reduced risk for foodborne virus transmission. 相似文献
3.
G. La Rosa Y. T. R. Proroga D. De Medici F. Capuano M. Iaconelli S. Della Libera E. Suffredini 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(1):127-131
Shellfish samples (n = 384) from production areas, water samples from the same areas (n = 39) and from nearby sewage discharge points (n = 29) were analyzed for hepatitis E virus (HEV) by real-time and nested RT-PCR. Ten shellfish samples (2.6%) and five seawater samples (12.8%) tested positive for HEV; all characterized strains were G3 and showed high degree of sequence identity. An integrated surveillance in seafood and waters is relevant to reduce the risk of shellfish-associated illnesses. 相似文献
4.
Food and Environmental Virology - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in frozen strawberries which had been implicated in a large outbreak of hepatitis A in 1997. The sample was analysed after... 相似文献
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为了研究快速检测海产品中低浓度麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)的生化方法,在传统小白鼠法的基础上,使用浓度(以STXeq计)为1和0.2μg/kg的市售双壳贝类PSP提取液对小鼠进行腹腔注射,分别研究暴露15、60、120min后小鼠血液中ACh、AChE、NO和NOS的变化情况.结果发现,低浓度(0.2μg/kg)、短时间(15min)条件下仅ACh含量发生显著变化[与对照组相比p0.05,含量(以蛋白计)为(141.2±14.8)μg/mg];而NO与NOS却在长时间(120min)暴露后才发生改变[与对照组相比p0.05,分别为(68.7±3.8)μmol/g及(40.1±4.9)U/mg].在高浓度下,3个时间点的ACh含量也均发生显著变化.结果表明,在低浓度及短时间条件下反映PSP效应的指标仅是ACh,从而可以尝试选择其作为快速检测PSP的生化指标. 相似文献
7.
Takayuki Miura Sébastien Lhomme Jean-Claude Le Saux Philippe Le Mehaute Yvonnick Guillois Elizabeth Couturier Jacques Izopet Florence Abranavel Françoise S. Le Guyader 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(3):194-199
A hepatitis E outbreak, which occurred on a small isolated island, provided an opportunity to evaluate the association between the number of hepatitis E cases in the community and the concentration of virus detected in sewage. Samples were collected from the different sewage treatment plants from the island and analyzed for the presence of hepatitis E (HEV) virus using real-time RT-PCR. We demonstrated that if 1–4 % of inhabitants connected to a WWTP were infected with HEV, raw sewage contained HEV at detectable levels. The finding that such a small number of infected people can contaminate municipal sewage works raises the potential of the further distribution of the virus. Indeed, investigating the routes of transmission of HEV, including the potential for sewage effluent to contain infectious HEV, may help us to better understand the epidemiology of this pathogen, which is considered to be an emerging concern in Europe. 相似文献
8.
Pavoni Enrico Bertasi Barbara Galuppini Elisa Mangeri Lucia Meletti Francesca Tilola Michela Carta Valentina Todeschi Silvia Losio Marina-Nadia 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(1):69-76
Food and Environmental Virology - To observe the prevalence of contamination by hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus (NoV) in different food types, 9242 samples were analyzed over a 6-year period... 相似文献
9.
K. Scherer D. Mäde L. Ellerbroek J. Schulenburg R. Johne G. Klein 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(1):42-49
Noroviruses and rotaviruses are the leading causes of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Virus-contaminated
food and surfaces represent an important risk to public health. However, established detection methods for the viruses in
food products are laborious and time-consuming. Here, we describe a detailed swabbing protocol combined with real-time RT-PCR
for norovirus and rotavirus detection on artificially contaminated food and environmental surfaces. Recovery rates between
2 and 78% for norovirus and between 8 and 42% for rotavirus were determined for contaminated food surfaces of apple, pepper,
cooked ham and salami. From contaminated environmental surfaces (stainless steel, ceramic plate, polyethylene, wood), recovery
rates between 26 and 52% (norovirus) and between 10 and 58% (rotavirus) were determined. The results demonstrate the suitability
of the swab sample method for virus detection on food and environmental surfaces. Compared to other methods, it is easy to
perform and significantly time-saving, predestining it for routine testing. 相似文献
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11.
Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus in Mussels from Galicia (NW Spain)
Shellfish are recognized as a potential vehicle of viral disease and despite the control measures for shellfish safety there is periodic emergence of viral outbreaks associated with shellfish consumption. In this study a total of 81 mussel samples from Ría do Burgo, A Coruña (NW Spain) were analysed. Samples were collected in seven different harvesting areas with the aim to establish a correlation between the prevalence of norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in mussel samples and the water quality. In addition, the genogroup of the detected HAV and NoV strains was also determined. The HAV presence was detected in 18.5 % of the samples. Contamination levels for this virus ranged from 1.1 × 102 to 4.1 × 106 RNA copies/g digestive tissue. NoV were detected in 49.4 % of the cases reaching contamination levels from 5.9 × 103 to 1.6 × 109 RNA copies/g digestive tissue for NoV GI and from 6.1 × 103 to 5.4 × 106 RNA copies/g digestive tissue for NoV GII. The χ²-test showed no statistical correlation between the number of positive samples and the classification of molluscan harvesting area based on the E. coli number. All the detected HAV strains belong to genogroup IB. NoV strains were assigned to genotype I.4, II.4 and II.6. 相似文献
12.
Elmahdy Elmahdy M. Shaheen Mohamed N. F. Mahmoud Lamiaa H. I. Hammad Ibtisam A. Soliman Elham R. S. 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):178-189
Food and Environmental Virology - There is an upward trend of consumption of organic fresh vegetables due to consumer demand for healthy foods without chemical additives. On the other hand, the... 相似文献
13.
The zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E, caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), is an emerging issue. HEV appears common in pigs (although infected pigs do not show clinical signs), and evidence suggests that a number of hepatitis E cases have been associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat and products. Little information is available on whether cooking can eliminate HEV, since there is currently no robust method for measuring its infectivity. HEV infectivity can be clearly demonstrated by monitoring for signs of infection (e.g., shedding of virus) in an animal model. However, this approach has several disadvantages, such as lack of reproducibility and unsuitability for performing large numbers of tests, high costs, and not least ethical considerations. Growth in cell culture can unambiguously show that a virus is infectious and has the potential for replication, without the disadvantages of using animals. Large numbers of tests can also be performed, which can make the results more amenable to statistical interpretation. However, no HEV cell culture system has been shown to be applicable to all HEV strains, none has been standardized, and few studies have demonstrated their use for measurement of HEV infectivity in food samples. Nonetheless, cell culture remains the most promising approach, and the main recommendation of this review is that there should be an extensive research effort to develop and validate a cell culture-based method for assessing HEV infectivity in pork products. Systems comprising promising cell lines and HEV strains which can grow well in cell culture should be tested to select an assay for effective and reliable measurement of HEV infectivity over a wide range of virus concentrations. The assay should then be harnessed to a procedure which can extract HEV from pork products, to produce a method suitable for further use. The method can then be used to determine the effect of heat or other elimination processes on HEV in pork meat and products, or to assess whether HEV detected in any surveyed foodstuffs is infectious and therefore poses a risk to public health. 相似文献
14.
Nereida Jiménez de Oya Inmaculada Galindo Estela Escribano-Romero Ana-Belén Blázquez Julio Alonso-Padilla Nabil Halaihel José M. Escribano Juan-Carlos Saiz 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(2):77-84
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecal-orally transmitted virus that is endemic in many geographical areas with poor sanitary
conditions and inadequate water supplies. In Europe, a low-endemic area, an increased number of autochthonous sporadic human
cases of patients infected with HEV strains of genotype 3, have been reported lately. The relatively high prevalence of HEV
genotype 3 infections in European pigs has raised concerns about a potential zoonotic transmission to humans. Determination
of HEV seroprevalence in pigs would help to clarify its incidence and possible zoonotic implications. To this purpose, we
have expressed and partially characterized swine genotype 3 HEV open reading frame-2 proteins upon infection of Sf21 insect
cells with recombinant baculoviruses. The use of the expressed proteins as diagnostic antigens for the detection of antibodies
to HEV has been further assayed with human and swine sera. 相似文献
15.
N. Cook I. Bertrand C. Gantzer R. M. Pinto A. Bosch 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(3):253-262
Although information is limited, it is evident that prolonged persistence of infectious Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a factor in the transmission of the virus via fresh produce. Consequently, data on persistence of the virus on produce, and in environments relevant to production, such as soils, water and surfaces, are required to fully understand the dynamics of transmission of HAV via foods. Furthermore, information on effective disinfection procedures is necessary to implement effective post-harvest control measures. This review summarises current information on HAV persistence in fresh produce and on relevant disinfection procedures. On vegetables, HAV can remain infectious for several days; on frozen berries, it can persist for several months. HAV can remain infectious on surfaces for months, depending on temperature and relative humidity, and can survive desiccation. It can survive for several hours on hands. Washing hands can remove the virus, but further data are required on the appropriate procedure. Chlorination is effective in water, but not when HAV is associated with foodstuffs. Bleach and other sodium hypochlorite disinfectants at high concentrations can reduce HAV on surfaces, but are not suitable for use on fresh produce. There is only limited information on the effects of heating regimes used in the food industry on HAV. HAV is resistant to mild pasteurisation. Some food components, e.g. fats and sugars, can increase the virus’ resistance to higher temperatures. HAV is completely eliminated by boiling. Quantitative prevalence data are needed to allow the setting of appropriate disinfection log reduction targets for fresh produce. 相似文献
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Martins Ajibade Adefisoye Uchechukwu U. Nwodo Ezekiel Green Anthony Ifeanyin Okoh 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(4):262-274
The occurrence of enteric viruses in reclaimed wastewater, their removal by efficient treatment processes and the public health hazards associated with their release into the environments are of great significance in environmental microbiology. In this study, TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the prevalence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus (RV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, over a twelve-month sampling period. The correlation between the concentrations of viruses in the effluents samples and faecal coliform (FC) densities were assessed as to validate the use of FC as microbiological indicator in water quality assessment. HAdV was detected in 62.5 % (30/48) of the samples with concentrations ranging between 8.4 × 101 and 1.0 × 105 genome copies/L while HAV and RV were only detected at concentrations below the set detection limits. FCs densities ranged from 1 to 2.7 × 104 CFU/100 ml. Adenovirus species HAdV-B (serotype 2) and HAdV-F (serotype 41) were detected in 86.7 % (26/30) and 6.7 % (2/30) of the HAdV-positive samples, respectively. No consistent seasonal trend was observed in HAdV concentrations, however, increased concentrations of HAdV were generally observed in the winter months. Also, there was no correlation between the occurrence of HAdV and FC at both the treatment plants. The persistent occurrence of HAdV in the discharged treated effluents points to the potential public health risk through the release of HAdV into the receiving watersheds, and the possibility of their transmission to human population. 相似文献
18.
Jumin Hao Mei-Juan Han Songman Han Xiaoguang Meng Tsan-Liang Su Qingwu K. Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):152-162
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic contaminants found in the environment. Development of novel detection methods for As species in water with the potential for field use has been an urgent need in recent years. In past decades, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has gained a reputation as one of the most sensitive spectroscopic methods for chemical and biomolecular sensing. The SERS technique has emerged as an extremely promising solution for in-situ detection of arsenic species in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this article, the recent advances in SERS analysis of arsenic species in water media are reviewed, and the potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of arsenic-contaminated environmental water samples is discussed. The problems that remain in the field are also discussed and an outlook for the future is featured at the end of the article. 相似文献
19.
Inhibin A is a useful prenatal marker of Down syndrome. Currently, the available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for inhibin A are based upon the same paired monoclonal antibodies. In the present study we have confirmed for one of those ELISAs that short-term sample storage as whole blood leads to a significant decline in detectable inhibin A and that this is most likely due to erythrocyte catalase interference with a critical oxidation step in the assay. While this interference can be eliminated by heating the samples pre-assay, this process is labour intensive. In the present study we have demonstrated that the addition of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), a catalase ‘suicide’ inhibitor, also prevents the decline of inhibin A levels in samples stored as whole blood. We suggest that the addition of AT to samples prior to assay is a simple modification to the inhibin A ELISA that affords optimum performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
L. Maunula P. Klemola A. Kauppinen K. Söderberg T. Nguyen T. Pitkänen S. Kaijalainen M. L. Simonen I. T. Miettinen M. Lappalainen J. Laine R. Vuento M. Kuusi M. Roivainen 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(1):31-36
In Nokia city about 450,000 l of treated sewage water was for 2 days allowed to run into the drinking water supplies of the
city due to a personal error of one employee. Within the next 5 weeks about 1,000 people sought care at the municipal health
centre or regional hospital because of gastroenteritis. Here we report the results of viral analyses performed by gene amplification
assays from the earliest water and sewage samples as well as from close to 300 patient samples. The contaminating treated
sewage was shown to harbour several enteric viruses known to cause acute gastroenteritis. Likewise, the drinking water sample
was positive for noro-, astro-, rota-, entero- and adenoviruses. Noroviruses were also found in 29.8% of stool samples from
affected patients, while astro-, adeno-, rota- and enteroviruses were detected in 19.7, 18.2, 7.5 and 3.7% of the specimens,
respectively.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献