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总结了世界上曾经发生的恶性环境污染事故给人类造成的损失,提出了强化公众“防范”意识,建立企业污染事故“风险评价”制度,划定环境污染防护带,减少突发性环境污染事故带来的损失。 相似文献
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为了科学地监测调查死鱼事故,在研究实践基础上,探讨了死鱼事故的监测调查准备工作,现场采样观测项目内容和分工以及各种监测手段的运用程序等。指出,抓住死鱼症状,系统有序地监测调查和试验是准确处理死鱼事故的关键。 相似文献
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苏贤 《甘肃环境研究与监测》2001,14(1):27-29,37
渔业污染事故的调查处理,目前的法律法规不够具体、可操作性不强,甚至有些规定相互矛盾,使渔业污染事故的处理极为困难,问题久拖而得不到及时的解决,对这些问题进行了剖析,并从法制性、科学性和机构建设的角度进行了探讨。 相似文献
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介绍了两起突发性大气污染事故应急监测的体会,讨论了4级站在突发性大气污染事故发生时应急监测的做法。 相似文献
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报道了造成南京某水厂饮水污染事故污染源的寻找和认定过程中应用的现场和实验室分析合的调查方法。结果表明,这次污染事故是某化工厂的环己胺生产过程中产生的残液,污染了排涝沟水,当向长江排出被化工废水污染的降雨积水时,造成了该水厂取水口的源水污染,引发饮水污染事故。饮水中污染物为二环己胺。 相似文献
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甘肃省突发性环境污染事故调查及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赵红 《甘肃环境研究与监测》2001,14(3):182-183
通过对甘肃省突发性环境污染事故的调查,全面了解近几年来发生的突发性环境污染事故,分别从事故发生的行业、类型和污染因子等几个方面来分析甘肃省已发生的突发性环境污染事故,并提出几点建议。 相似文献
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蔡忠林 《环境监测管理与技术》2002,14(3):44-46
对有毒有害物质的正确监测 ,在化学事故应急救援中十分重要 ,采取有效的技术手段查明泄漏毒物的状况 ,可为控制化学事故的态势提供决策依据。1 化学事故应急监测中的任务和要求1 .1 化学事故应急监测中的任务及时查明造成化学事故的有毒有害物质的种类 ,即定性检测。测定有毒有害物质的扩散和浓度分布情况 ,有条件时可查明导致化学事故的客观条件。根据有毒有害物质的浓度分布情况 ,确定不同程度污染区的边界 ,并进行标志。1 .2 化学事故应急监测中的要求1 .2 .1 准确准确查明造成化学事故的有毒有害物质的种类 ,对未知毒物和已知毒物在… 相似文献
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南京环境污染事故应急监测地理信息系统利用南京电子地图的地理信息,将环境污染事故应急监测数据库与GIS结合,并通过GIS技术综合分析环境污染事故中风险源要素。该系统采用支持面向对象技术的程序语言,MapObjects控件,构成面向最终用户的可执行应用程序。系统由软件平台和硬件平台组成;系统在运行环境和系统网络结构上采用客户端和服务器架构,以满足应急监测与地理信息系统相结合的目的;系统分析对GIS在环境污染应急监测中的应用作了具体分析。 相似文献
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为贯彻落实国家环保总局召开的“全国环境污染事故应急电视电话会议”和《关于进一步加强环境监督管理严防环境污染事故的紧急通知》以及《关于开展环境安全大检查的紧急通知》精神,2006年1月16日至20日,自治区环保局、自治区环境监察总队、新疆环境监测中心站三部门组成了3个环境安全检查组,在全疆范围内开展环境安全大检查,对各企业的安全生产和安全隐患进行重点检查督导。 相似文献
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以江苏某醋厂为研究对象,使用便携式气相色谱/质谱仪实地采样,定性定量分析该厂挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征及异味物质强度特征。采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的健康风险评价模型,评估醋厂排放VOCs对周围居民的健康影响,结果表明,该厂排放的VOCs仅导致较强的感官影响,未产生明显的致癌效应。 相似文献
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Concentration levels of six natural and anthropogenic origin steroid estrogens, namely, diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone
(E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estradiol-17-valerate (Ev), from different effluents in Beijing
were assessed. Sampling sites include two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a chemical plant, a hospital, a pharmaceutical
factory, a hennery, and a fish pool. In general, concentrations of estrogens in the effluents varied from no detection (nd)
to 11.1 ng/l, 0.7 to 1.2 × 103 ng/l, nd to 67.4 ng/l, nd to 4.1 × 103 ng/l, nd to 1.2 × 103 ng/l, and nd to 11.2 ng/l for DES, E1, E2, EE2, E3, and Ev, respectively. The concentration levels of steroid estrogens from
different effluents decreased in the order of pharmaceutical factory and WWTP inlets > hospital > hennery > chemical factory
> fish pool. This study indicated that natural estrogens E1, E2, and E3 and synthetic estrogen EE2 are the dominant steroid
estrogens found in the different Beijing effluents. For source identification, an indicator (hE = E3/(E1 + E2 + E3)) was used
to trace human estrogen excretion. Accordingly, hE in effluents from the hospital and WWTP inlets exceeded 0.4, while much
smaller values were obtained for the other effluents. Human excretions were the major contributor of natural estrogens in
municipal wastewater. Estimation results demonstrated that direct discharge was the major contributor of steroid estrogen
pollution in receiving waters. 相似文献
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某废弃农药生产场地地下水挥发性有机物污染健康风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对常州某废弃农药生产场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染状况和健康风险进行了调查评价。结果表明,该场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染以苯系物、氯代苯类和氯代烃类为主;部分点位地下水健康风险评价结果超出可接受范围,可能危害人体。 相似文献
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Shirin Rahmanpour Nasrin Farzaneh Ghorghani Seyede Masoumeh Lotfi Ashtiyani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7047-7053
Concentration of ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were determined in liver of four fish species from different trophic levels (Aurigequula fasciata, omnivore; Alepes djedaba, carnivore; Liza abu and Sardinella albella, phytoplanktivores). In all the species, similar distributions were observed in which pyrene predominated and followed by naphthalene and acenaphthylene. L. abu accumulated the highest concentration of ΣPAH, followed by S. albella, A. fasciata, and A. djedaba. No correlation between PAH content in fish liver and fish size has been found at the level of individual compounds, except for benzo[a]pyrene (p?0.01, r?=??0.704). Female fish exhibited significantly lower mean ΣPAH concentrations than male in all the species, except for L. abu. 相似文献
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Lars Håkanson 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2003,8(4):275-283
This work exemplifies how a given lake (Lake Huljesjön, Sweden) would likely respond to changes in pH-values and to liming (a standard measure against anthropogenic acidification). The basic questions are: How would a liming influence pH? How long would the changes last? How would the changes influence the structure and function of lake ecosystems? The work uses a comprehensive lake ecosystem model, LakeWeb, which accounts for production, biomasses, predation, abiotic/biotic interactions of nine key functional groups of organisms, phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, two types of zooplankton (herbivorous and predatory), two types of fish (prey and predatory), zoobenthos, macrophytes and benthic algae. LakeWeb is a dynamic model and gives weekly variations. It has been critically tested using empirical data and regressions from many lakes. Those tests are not presented here but have shown that the model can capture typical functional and structural patterns in lakes very well. This gives credibility to the results presented in this work, which would be very costly to obtain in the traditional manner by extensive field studies in one or a few lakes. This work presents for the first time predictions at the ecosystem level of how functional groups of organisms (and not individual species) are likely to respond to acidification and liming. Two existing dynamic models, one for liming, the other for Hg-concentrations in fish, have been added to the LakeWeb-model. These two models have previously been tested and proven to yield good predictions. The results presented here indicate that there are several probable changes in the structure and function of the lake foodweb related to acidification and liming. The predicted changes in macrophyte cover will influence the predation pressure on fish, and thereby the fish biomass. Reductions in primary production at low pH-values will cause reductions in fish biomass. There are several interesting compensatory effects between factors that increase fish biomass and factors that tend to decrease the biomass. Such matters can be handled quantitatively by the LakeWeb-model. 相似文献
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对常州某农药生产场地土壤中挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染状况以及健康风险和生态风险进行了调查评价。结果表明,该场地土壤中挥发性有机物污染以苯系物和卤代烃为主。苯系物质量浓度为0~56.6 mg/kg,卤代烃质量浓度为0~1.14 mg/kg。健康风险评价结果均在可接受范围内,而生态风险评价显示生产车间内的土壤VOCs生态风险较大,存在着对生物的危害。 相似文献
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Levels of synthetic musk compounds in municipal wastewater for potential estimation of biota exposure in receiving waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyzed water samples from the confluence of three municipal sewage treatment effluent streams, surface water, and whole carp (Cyprinus carpio) for synthetic musks for a period of 7-12 months. The lipid content of each fish was determined and compared with the concentration of musks in the whole fish tissue. Enhanced methods were used for water sampling and musk extraction. The data presented here provide insight as to the relationship between concentrations of synthetic musks in the municipal effluent and associated biota. This study confirmed the presence of polycyclic and nitro musk compounds in sewage effluent, Lake Mead water, and carp. The concentrations were found to be considerably lower than previous studies conducted in other countries. This study also provides data for polycyclic and nitro musk compounds, as well as some of the nitro musk metabolites in sewage treatment plant effluent, lake water, and carp. 相似文献