西部小城市旅游规划和城市规划协调关系——以陕西旬阳太极城旅游区规划为例

阐述了旅游规划和城市规划的主要研究内容，并就目前出现的城市旅游和旅游规划协调问题进行了探讨。以陕西省旬阳县为实证，就小城市的旅游规划和城市规划进行探讨，并提出了旅游规划和城市规划的协调的方案，指出旅游规划的实施对促进城市生态环境的改善等具有十分重要的意义。     

欧美国家规划层次上的战略环境评价的理论与实践

介绍了欧美国家战略环境评价研究进展及其在实践中的应用,分析了欧美国家规划层次上的战略环境评价的特点、作用与不足,总结了战略环境评价应用到规划中在介入时机、技术方法等方面的经验,对我国开展规划环境影响评价具有很大的借鉴意义。     

Potential Spatial Overlap of Heritage Sites and Protected Areas in a Boreal Region of Northern Canada

Abstract:  Under article 8-J of the Convention on Biological Diversity, governments must engage indigenous and local communities in the designation and management of protected areas. A better understanding of the relationship between community heritage sites and sites identified to protect conventional conservation features could inform conservation-planning exercises on indigenous lands. We examined the potential overlap between Gwich'in First Nations' (Northwest Territories, Canada) heritage sites and areas independently identified for the protection of conventional conservation targets. We designed nine hypothetical protected-area networks with different targets for woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ) habitat, high-quality wetland areas, representative vegetation types, water bodies, environmentally significant area, territorial parks, and network aggregation. We compared the spatial overlap of heritage sites to these nine protected-area networks. The degree of spatial overlap (Jaccard similarity) between heritage sites and the protected-area networks with moderate or high aggregation was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) than random spatial overlap, whereas the overlap between heritage sites and the protected-area networks with no aggregation was not significant or significantly lower ( p < 0.001) than random spatial overlap. Our results suggest that protected-area networks designed to capture conventional conservation features may protect key heritage sites but only if the underlying characteristics of these sites are considered. The Gwich'in heritage sites are highly aggregated and only protected-area networks that had moderate and high aggregation had significant overlap with the heritage sites. We suggest that conventional conservation plans incorporate heritage sites into their design criteria to complement conventional conservation targets and effectively protect indigenous heritage sites .     

A Spatially Explicit Decision Support Model for Restoration of Forest Bird Habitat

Abstract:  The historical area of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley has been reduced by >75%. Agricultural production was the primary motivator for deforestation; hence, clearing deliberately targeted higher and drier sites. Remaining forests are highly fragmented and hydrologically altered, with larger forest fragments subject to greater inundation, which has negatively affected many forest bird populations. We developed a spatially explicit decision support model, based on a Partners in Flight plan for forest bird conservation, that prioritizes forest restoration to reduce forest fragmentation and increase the area of forest core (interior forest >1 km from "hostile" edge). Our primary objective was to increase the number of forest patches that harbor >2000 ha of forest core, but we also sought to increase the number and area of forest cores >5000 ha. Concurrently, we targeted restoration within local (320 km²) landscapes to achieve ≥60% forest cover. Finally, we emphasized restoration of higher-elevation bottomland hardwood forests in areas where restoration would not increase forest fragmentation. Reforestation of 10% of restorable land in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (approximately 880,000 ha) targeted at priorities established by this decision support model resulted in approximately 824,000 ha of new forest core. This is more than 32 times the amount of core forest added through reforestation of randomly located fields (approximately 25,000 ha). The total area of forest core (1.6 million ha) that resulted from targeted restoration exceeded habitat objectives identified in the Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan and approached the area of forest core present in the 1950s.     

Efficiency and Concordance of Alternative Methods for Minimizing Opportunity Costs in Conservation Planning

Abstract:  Scarce resources and competing land-use goals necessitate efficient biodiversity conservation. Combining multicriteria analysis with conservation decision-support tools improves efficiency of conservation planning by maximizing outcomes for biodiversity while minimizing opportunity costs to society. An opportunity cost is the benefit that could have been received by taking an alternative course of action (i.e., costs to society of protecting an area for biodiversity rather than developing it for some other use). Although different ways of integrating multiple opportunity costs into conservation planning have been suggested, there have been no tests as to which method is most efficient. We compared the relative efficiency of 3 such procedures ( Faith & Walker [1996] , Sarkar et al. [2004] , and a procedure of our own design) in a systematic conservation-planning framework for the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. We devised 14 opportunity costs and assigned these to 3 scenarios representing different conservation planning concerns: food security, macro-economic development, and biodiversity persistence. For each scenario, we compared the efficiency of the 3 methods in terms of amount of biodiversity protected relative to total expenditure for each opportunity cost. All 3 methods captured similar amounts of biodiversity, but differed in total cost. Our method had the least overall cost and was therefore most efficient. Nevertheless, there was a high correlation and geographical concordance among all 3 methods, indicating a high degree of spatial overlap. This suggests that choosing an appropriate approach may often depend on contextual factors related to the design of the planning question, rather than efficiency alone.     

区域生态安全格局规划研究进展及规划技术流程探讨

区域生态安全格局规划是化解生态保护与经济发展之间矛盾冲突的有效途径,进行区域生态安全格局规划研究具有重要理论和现实意义。但是,目前尚缺少对区域生态安全格局规划概念内涵、支撑理论、技术方法等相关文献的系统梳理和归纳总结。鉴于此,通过查阅大量文献资料、总结分析国内外相关研究成果,厘清了生态安全格局相关概念之间的逻辑关系,给出了区域生态安全格局规划的确切定义,对景观生态分类与适宜性评价、景观格局演变分析与动态模拟、生态安全预测预警、空间规划决策技术方法等区域生态安全格局规划相关支撑理论和技术方法,研究成果总结发现：景观生态分类指标构建理论和分类结果可靠性验证研究较为薄弱;应用较多的景观生态适宜性评价方法有“千层饼”法、层次分析法等传统方法和人工神经网络、遗传算法、元胞自动机等现代人工智能方法;景观格局变化驱动因子定量识别相对缺乏,各驱动因子间相互作用关系探讨不深入,常忽视景观格局本身对驱动因子的自适应和反馈作用;在众多景观格局动态演变模拟模型中, CA-Markov模型综合了CA和Markov模型的优点,可实现研究对象时空演变信息的精确挖掘;生态安全预警可弥补传统生态安全评价不能揭示生态环境质量长期动态变化状况的不足,能反映区域生态安全状况动态变化过程,是生态安全格局规划的重要基础;常见的空间规划决策技术方法主要有多准则数量优化法、空间分析技术方法、情景分析法、人工智能优化法和综合优化法,在综合优化法中 CLUE-S 模型能综合土地利用变化各驱动因子对不同时空尺度下的土地利用变化进行预测模拟,集成模型能集成多个模型优点来解决一些复杂空间格局优化问题,两者对进行区域生态安全格局规划方法探讨皆具有重要参考价值和借鉴意义。在此基础上,依据现阶段比较成熟的景观生态学理论、景观生态规划原理,综合集成现行空间规划决策技术方法,将区域生态安全格局规划技术流程概括为景观生态分类、景观格局演变分析、景观生态适宜性评价、景观格局演变动态模拟、生态安全预测预警、生态安全需求预测、多情景模式构建和总体规划目标确定、生态安全格局规划、多种规划方案比选、方案试点效果监测与评价、规划实施与执行监管等14个步骤。今后加强区域生态安全格局规划基础理论、技术方法、实践应用这3方面研究是未来该领域研究的重要方向。     

干旱绿洲地区土地利用总体规划修编中的几个问题

提出了绿洲土地持续利用应遵循的４条原则：系统协调原则、区域稳定原则、动态平衡原则和用养结合原则,在此基础上讨论了适应绿洲土地利用总体规划修编的４种模式     

可持续发展城市规划是迈向新世纪的必然选择

主要论述可持续发展城市规划是人类走向生态文明的必然之理以及它的含概机理与实施途径。     

Ecological planning for promoting urban sustainable development: A case study of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,China

Based on the case study of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, China, this paper investigates the theories and application of ecological planning for promoting urban sustainable development. The stated significance of such development is to promote the co-ordination of relationships between man and nature, and man and the environment.     

区域生态经济规划编制导则

区域生态经济规划的编制及编制方法的研究，是当前国内外生态建设中的热点之一，不仅得到学术界的高度重视，也引起各国政府部门的关注。本文就如何编制区域生态经济规划进行了介绍，内容包括编制规划的指导思想、基本原则、规划目标的确定、规划应包括的内容以及编制规划的方法、技术路线和程序。文中还对规划编制过程中应注意的问题做了说明。     

我国开发区环境问题及对策

本文概要地价绍了我国开发区建设中存在的主要环境问题，并提出了加强宣传提高全民环境意识，强化政府的环境管理职能，统一规划，积极推行清洁生产等环境保护对策。     

Meeting report

SUMMARY

In many developing countries, the determination of a ranking of investments designed to improve and extend the road system is a commonplace prerequisite of planning for the transport sector as a whole and the road sub-sector within it. A major objective of determining investment priorities is to secure the greatest efficiency in the use of resources allocated to the sector and, for this reason, any system of assigning priorities must rely upon conventional investment appraisal techniques producing quantifiable measures of worth. Exercises of this kind, in which road investments are identified and ranked, are usually undertaken to produce a road sector investment plan. The implementation of such plans is, however, often compromised because of perceived deficiencies with a methodology which places undue reliance on investment appraisal and fails to properly address the issue of public interest and sustainability. This paper attempts to produce a pragmatic set of ground rules which, while mindful of the need to promote economic efficiency, allow for other factors to be embraced in a more holistic methodology.     

旅游规划的发展历程与发展趋势

简要介绍了国内外旅游规划的发展历程,分析了旅游规划的现状和存在的问题,指出旅游规划的发展趋势是走向合成规划,走向社会实践,走向系统优化和走向可持续发展。     

乡村景观规划的发展历史及其在我国的发展前景

介绍了国内外乡村景观规划的发展历史 ,阐述了乡村景观规划的内容和特点 ,并简要分析了我国开展乡村景观规划的基础研究和应用的发展趋势 ,指出了应继续完善系统性的理论和方法论上的探讨 ,并对一些重点区域进一步开展典型研究和实践应用 ,以此作为今后研究发展的重点领域。     

Visions for the future of transport: Approaching consensus?

Many cities and national authorities have made substantial progress in developing transport strategies to reconcile environmental pressures with the increasing demand for travel. However, there is still some doubt as to what are the key ingredients of a successful strategy and progress in implementing such changes has been slow. Research is needed to better understand what are the essential ingredients to a balanced transport policy, the constraints, which are preventing these from being implemented, and the acceptability of such changes. This paper reports on the outcomes of a project funded under the Rees Jeffreys Road Fund research programme 'From Realism to Reality', which aims to identify the elements necessary for a successful transport policy in the UK into the 21st century, The project seeks to develop a vision for the transport system of the future through an understanding of the extent of the current problems in the transport sector and an examination of the range and effectiveness of options and instruments available to resolve them. The paper examines a range of visions that are currently in the public domain. Results show that there is a degree of consistency in the general aims and objectives of such visions, but that there is rather less consensus in the means proposed to achieve those aims.     

土地利用的生态规划方法

土地利用的生态规划方法是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学教授麦克哈格(McHarg)在60年代末最先发展的方法.这种方法的最显著特点是能综合考虑社会、经济和生态因素来制定土地利用规划.这种方法的两个核心技术是土地的生态适宜度分析和土地的承载能力分析.本文试图以方法发展的历史为顺序,介绍了几种常见的土地利用的生态规划方法     

城市公共安全规划理论与方法的探讨

分析了进行城市公共安全规划研究的意义和理论基础,并对了城市公共安全规划的方法进行了探讨。     

生态城市规划需要优先考虑的几个问题

建设生态城市是城市发展的未来方向,而生态城市规划则是生态城市建设的起点,因此在规划中需要优先考虑城市经营成本问题、人力资源转化问题、区域生态安全问题和增长空间控制问题,从而使城市的生态设计建立在理性分析的基础上。     

中山市城市绿地系统的生物多样性特色及新的发展思路

中山市在城市绿地规划中利用丰富的生物多样性资源，遵循多样性保护与利用相结合的原则，创造出健康优美的城市生态环境；本文阐述了中山市城市绿地系统的生物多样性特色及新的发展思路，可为珠江三角洲地区其它城市的绿地系统规划提供参考和借鉴。