衡阳市住宅产业化现状与对策探讨

随着我国城镇化、工业化进一步快速推进,在发展低碳循环经济,加快建设两型社会背景下,变革传统住宅生产方式显得更加迫切.以衡阳市为例,介绍其住宅产业化现状基础上,指出了住宅产业化过程中存在的问题,并提出相关解决对策.     

GIS发展对岩土工程的影响

GIS的发展与测绘科学的发展水平以及其他行业对GIS的需求息息相关,GIS在岩土工程中的应用提高了岩土工程解决实际问题的能力,推动了岩土工程信息化.本文介绍了我国地理信息系统在各个发展阶段的特点,讨论了各发展阶段地理信息系统在岩土工程中的应用及其影响,展望了岩土工程信息化的前景,提出了只有加强岩土工程本身的知识研究并积极运用GIS发展的成果才能更好的促进岩土工程信息化.     

Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontier

Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our data comprised 241 face-to-face quantitative surveys, complemented with qualitative insights from open-ended questionnaire responses and opportunistic semistructured interviews. To account for the full spectrum of possible inner motivations, we employed measures of nature connection (indicating biospheric motivation) and personal values organized around the traditionalism (traditionalist through to high openness to change) and universalism dimensions (egoistic through to altruistic motivations). We used averaged beta-binomial generalized linear models to assess the role of external factors (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and environmental) and personal (inner) motivations on the variation in attitudes. Each attitude was modeled separately. The relative importance of each predictor was judged by the proportion of models where it appeared as significant. Proconservation views were expressed by the majority (at least 65%) of the respondents in 7 out of the 9 attitude models. The most consistent predictors were emotional nature connection and personal values (significant in 4–6 out of 9 models), rather than external phenomena (significant in 0–5 models). However, the poorest farmers had lower scores on the agreement with prioritizing nature over development (𝛽 = –0.52, 95% CI: –0.96 to –0.07). Qualitative data also indicated that economic barriers hinder forest conservation on farms. These results suggest that biospheric, traditionalistic, and altruistic motivations promote people's proconservation attitudes, but nurturing these latent motivations is unlikely to improve conservation outcomes if material poverty remains unaddressed. Integrating the inner–outer perspective into conservation thinking and practical interventions could foster environmental stewardship and increase human well-being.     

The evaluation of ecology-based tourism potential in coastal villages in accordance with landscape values and user demands: the Bursa-Mudanya-Kumyaka case

Ecology-based tourism, which is integrated with nature, developed in environmentally conscious areas and enriched by different cultures, has become more important in the direction of extending tourism throughout the year. While the landscape values of the area are important functions for tourism activities to be carried out in natural characteristics, the preferences of the users are also important. Ecology-based tourism, which develops in connection with the concepts of intacteness, the protection-use balance and sustainability, and the demands and expectations of tourists, constitute the basis of our study. For this purpose, the study was carried out in Kumyaka, a small coastal neighborhood (village) of the county of Mudanya in the province Bursa, Turkey with important natural, historical and cultural assets. Fieldwork, field analysis, literature search, interviews with tourists coming to the field, interviews with the day trippers and survey work were conducted in the study. While evaluating the ecology-based tourism potential of the area, the demands and expectations of tourists have been taken into account together with the available area data. According to the results of the survey, tourists are mostly interested in having the most scenic value and quietness when choosing the area. The types of tourism that tourists most wanted to experience in the field were 42.38% culture tourism and 32.32% nature tourism. As a result of tourists’ demands and expectations, the tourism activities to be carried out in accordance with the possibilities of the area were examined and ecology based planning proposals and holistic planning approaches were developed.     

Environmental values and willingness to pay for a protected area: a segmentation of Italian university students

The study investigated students’ attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection of some environmental values. The empirical study refers to a site located in Southern Italy and inserted into the Natura 2000 European Network. Students were segmented according to their appreciation of environmental values and the WTP for them. We considered two scenarios of the study site – of use and non-use – and four values – recreational, educational, bequest and existence. Five clusters, from the ‘unconcerned’ to the ‘committed’ one, reveal a diversity of profiles across the sample. Segmentation results point out the multifunctionality of the environmental heritage and highlight the heterogeneity of students’ environmental profiles.     

Vicarious sampling: the use of personal and public information by starlings foraging in a simple patchy environment

Group foragers may be able to assess patch quality more efficiently by paying attention to the sampling activities of conspecifics foraging in the same patch. In a previous field experiment, we showed that starlings foraging on patches of hidden food could use the successful foraging activities of others to help them assess patch quality. In order to determine whether a starling could also use another individual’s lack of foraging success to assess and depart from empty patches more quickly, we carried out two experimental studies which compared the behaviour of captive starlings sampling artificial patches both when alone and when in pairs. Solitary starlings were first trained to assess patch quality in our experimental two-patch system, and were then tested on an empty patch both alone and with two types of partner bird. One partner sampled very few holes and thus provided a low amount of public information; the other sampled numerous holes and thus provided a high amount of public information. In experiment 1, we found no evidence of vicarious sampling. Subjects sampled a similar number of empty holes when alone as when with the low and high information partners; thus they continued to rely on their own personal information to make their patch departure decisions. In experiment 2, we modified the experimental patches, increasing the ease with which a bird could watch another’s sampling activities, and increasing the difficulty of acquiring accurate personal sampling information. This time, subjects apparently did use public information, sampling fewer empty holes before departure when with the high-information partner than when with the low-information partner, and sampling fewer holes when with the low-information partner than when alone. We suggest that the degree to which personal and public information are used is likely to depend both on a forager’s ability to remember where it has already sampled and on the type of environment in which foraging takes place. Received: 31 January 1995/Accepted after revision: 11 September 1995     

Emission and life-cycle assessment of alternative-fuel buses: a case study of the Delaware Authority of Regional Transit

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 motivated transit agencies to utilize alternative-fuel transit buses in addition to their popular diesel buses. Transit agencies have planned to add a significant number of alternative-fuel buses to their current transit fleets. This study is to inform policy makers who may allocate public funds for alternative-fuel bus projects to make a smarter decision in this regard. For each of the eight alternative-fuel buses, technologies introduced by the ACT, fuel efficiency, life-cycle cost (LCC) and emission are estimated and compared with the available information for the ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel buses. A case study in the State of Delaware is presented to demonstrate how the proposed approaches can be employed to evaluate the relative importance of the most viable alternative-fuel transit buses according to the predefined set of criteria. The results show that buses propelled by hybrid-diesel engine have the least LCC and emissions and are the most suitable alternative for the ULSD buses in the short- and midterm.     

城市道路交通可持续发展模式及其评价

首先在已建立的城市道路交通系统可持续发展评价指标体系的基础上提出了两种交通规划模式，即供需平衡模式和环保模式，然后讨论了基于这两种模式的规划方案的具体生成方法，最后，给出了各种发展模式自动评价系统的实现过程。     

Sustainable consumption: the effects of knowledge,cultural values,environmental advertising,and demographics

As a result of human lifestyles and unsustainable consumption patterns, the environment continues to deteriorate and thus inhibit sustainable development. In order to curb this situation and promote a sustainable economy, one of the solution is to reduce conventional products consumption and shift to green products. Over the past 20 years, marketing managers keenly seek to understand the green market; however, inadequate information on how to promote consumers’ green behavioral intentions is slowing the growth of green markets and becomes a barrier for firms when developing segments and communicating strategies for effective promotion of green products in countries like Malaysia where the trend is fairly new. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the impact of environmental knowledge, cultural values, and environmental advertising and determine the moderating effect of income level, education level, and gender on consumers’ green purchase intentions. A survey was administered, and a total of 405 valid questionnaires were obtained. Structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the causal model by using SmartPLS 2.0 software. The finding results suggest that cultural values and environmental advertising are the main influences in building green purchase intentions, while environmental knowledge is not significantly related. The results also indicate that education level and gender have a significant positive moderation effect while income did not. This suggests that green purchase intentions’ motivational factors are greater among highly educated individuals, with females in particular. The discussions and implications of these findings are further elaborated.     

Moderation effect of planning on housing development along the French Atlantic coast: findings from an event history hazard model

Laws and bylaws are regularly challenged for their effectiveness in containing urbanisation sprawl and, conversely, for the constraints they put on development projects. From a French case study, we used survival analysis to disentangle a complex mix of influences on the distribution of residential construction over a 42-year observation period at plot scale when almost everything changes simultaneously. We found that integrated laws and bylaws can slow down coastal urbanisation but do not stop it. Although land planning is becoming more effective, it still provides ample opportunity for residential development because other factors, like distance to existing infrastructure, exert a far stronger influence than the protection of coastal areas. Therefore, this article contributes to filling a knowledge gap about the founding role of public policies on land use dynamics.     

Towards an understanding of the influence of sustainability culture on the accounting profession

While some previous research has critiqued accounting behaviour towards society and the environment, this paper points in a slightly different direction. With the aid of a chronological chart, it uses sustainability initiatives from the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) to demonstrate the accounting profession's positive response to societal sustainability culture. Applying the cultural theories of Gray and Hofstede, it argues that society is responsible for alleged negative behaviour in accounting and that society hampers progress in sustainability accounting through political and corporate manoeuvrings. It asserts that, at least within the Canadian context, the more society embraces deeper green culture, the more accounting will transform towards sustainability values. It provides a future research agenda towards extenuating accounting criticisms. The paper suggests some policy implications for government and highlights that the power to condition and moderate accounting behaviour resides within society, governments and the laws of nations; it follows therefore that attaining any goals in sustainable development depends on the choice and commitment of governments and institutions.     

Determining the role of eudaimonic values in conservation behavior

Values are the fundamental reasons why people engage in conservation behaviors. Recent research has called for a more refined approach to studying values in a way that accounts for the concept of eudaimonia. However, the empirical properties for a eudaimonic value scale have not been tested given that previous investigations have remained at the theoretical level. Drawing from an on-site survey of visitors to Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, we used a latent profile analysis to better understand the expression of multiple values of nature. Specifically, we segmented respondents by their value orientations with a particular focus on evaluating eudaimonic and hedonic values, alongside the established dimensions of altruistic, biospheric, and egoistic values. We identified 4 distinct subgroups defined by value orientations and validated these subgroups based on measures of conservation behavior and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age). These results indicated campaign messaging should harness a combination of eudaimonic, biospheric, and altruistic values to propel individual behavior. We also observed that hedonic and egoistic values defined how people related to nature and played a role, albeit less pronounced, in motivating them to take action. Our study is one of the first efforts to operationalize eudaimonia in a conservation context; thus, we have opened a new avenue for protected-area managers to align their strategies with the underlying values of stakeholders.     

The influence of social relationships on pro-environment behaviors

We examine how social relationships are related to pro-environment behaviors. We use new data from a nationally representative US sample to estimate latent cluster models in which we describe individuals' profiles of social ties with family, neighbor, and coworkers along two dimensions: intensity of connections and pro-environment norms. While our results confirm the link between social ties and economic behaviors, we show that ties among relatives, neighbors, and coworkers are not perfect substitutes. In particular, we observe consistent relationships between green family profiles and altruistic and community-based behaviors. We also find that the effect of coworker ties is visible for cost-saving activities and altruistic behaviors, and that neighbors matter for working with others in the community to solve a local problem, volunteering, and recycling.     

The influence of kinship on foraging competition in Siberian jays

Foraging competition in Siberian jay groups was examined in relation to dominance and kinship to determine whether juvenile offspring, by associating with adults, gained in food acquisition relative to juvenile immigrants. Members of the adult pair were dominant over juvenile cohort members and males were dominant to females, although an inter-sexual hierarchy, with male juveniles occasionally overlapping adult females, was suggested. Few competitive asymmetries were found between adults and retained offspring or adults and immigrant juveniles when they were competing for food together, but in kin and non-kin foraging groups, respectively. Male offspring visited the bait site more frequently than adult males, and female immigrants spent less time at the bait site than adult females. Under these circumstances, hoarding activities may limit the ability of alpha members to control resources. In mixed groups containing both juvenile offspring and juvenile immigrants, no difference was found in the number of visits made to the bait site, although load sizes and foraging rates were lower for immigrant birds. Retained juveniles obtained greater load sizes and foraging rates when associating with adults. The social dominance of parents suggests that they control juvenile foraging. Although offspring benefit in the presence of adults, adults may incur a cost to their restraint by spending more time at the bait site when competing with immigrants. These results extend conclusions from previous work describing the role of selective tolerance by adults which relaxes competition with retained offspring in Siberian jay winter groups. The present findings suggest that offspring benefit in both immediate and future energy gains, which may have a direct influence on survival. Received: 18 September 1996 / Accepted after revision: 26 January 1997     

The influence of mercury on the burrowing behaviour ofCorophium volutator

The burrowing behaviour ofCorophium volutator (Pallas) has been recorded in sediments treated with seawater solutions of 0.001, 0.1, 10, and 1000 ppm HgCl₂. Heterotrophic sediment bacteria have also been counted. Non-choice and choice experiments have been conducted. In non-choice experiments no individuals burrowed in the sediment treated with 1000 ppm HgCl₂ solutions. The same numbers of individuals burrowed in the sediments treated with 0.001, 0.1, and 10 ppm HgCl₂ solutions as in the control. Bacterial numbers were lower in the sediments treated with 10 and 1000 ppm HgCl₂ solutions. Hence, a mercury concentration that killed bacteria (10 ppm) did not inhibit burrowing. In choice experiments, individuals avoided all the mercury-treated sediments, particularly that treated with 1000 ppm HgCl₂ solution. Bacterial numbers were only lower than the control in the sediments treated with 10 and 1000 ppm HgCl₂ solutions. Hence, individuals avoided treated sediments (0.001, 0.1 ppm HgCl₂) in which no bacterial mortality had occurred.     

天津市土壤元素背景值的地域差异及成因分析

论述了天津土壤中Cu,Pb等13种微量元素背景值在行政区，土壤类型中的差异规律，并分析了引起元素背景值地域差异的原因。     

中国高等植物干质量热值特点

植物干质量热值是植物干物质完全燃烧所释放的能量值,反映了植物光合作用中固定太阳辐射能的能力。文章收集国内已有的129科、460属、1110种维管植物的干质量热值数据,并加上作者自测的8种苔藓植物干质量热值进行统计分析和差异性检验,分析国内高等植物干质量热值特点。结果显示,植物不同器官的平均GCV为繁殖体(19677.23J·g-1)>叶(19518.22J·g-1)>枝(19455.91J·g-1)>皮(19183.12J·g-1)>干(19122.49J·g-1)>根(18701.44J·g-1);群落中不同组分平均GCV的排序是乔木层(19672.48J·g-1)>灌木层(19218.62J·g-1)>凋落物层(18689.86J·g-1)>草本层(17682.47J·g-1)>苔藓层(15645.44J·g-1);在不同生活型的植物中,挺水植物(18492.67J·g-1)>浮水植物(16381.25J·g-1)>沉水植物(14589.09J·g-1);平均GCV多年生草本GCV(17903.28J·g-1)>一年生草本(17652.74J·g-1);常绿型木本植物各器官均大于落叶型木本植物,针叶树种各器官均大于阔叶树种;从不同气候型来看,高纬度地区的温带大陆性季风气候以及高寒大陆性气候的植物平均GCV较高,低纬度的热带季风气候区的植物比亚热带季风气候区的高,温带大陆性半干旱气候区内最低。     

绿色生态住宅小区水环境生态化问题的探讨

生态住宅是我国当今房地产投资的热点，但目前的“生态住宅”很多只是炒作的时髦包装，有些问题亟待深入探索和研究。文章基于绿色生态住宅的内涵和特征及其水环境系统技术导则的基本要点，论述了水环境系统设汁的重要性和内容，并就水环境生态化问题进行了探讨。文章认为，将人工湿地污水处理系统、雨水收集系统、景观水系统、中水回用系统和绿地系统综合起来进行总体设计，使人工湿地处理污水工艺与生态小区园林及其水景艺术相结合，建设集观赏、娱乐和污水处理于一体的景观湿地系统，是实现绿色生态住宅小区水环境生态化的理想途径。     

The influence of solid matrices on arsenic toxicity to Corophium orientale

In marine ecosystems, benthic organisms are really important because they are the first step in the transfer of contaminants from environment to biota. To this end, this study focused on biological assays with the amphipod Corophium orientale exposed to two different molecules of arsenic: arsenate (As^V), the most abundant form in sediments, and dimethyl-arsinate (DMA), expected to be moderately toxic as an intermediate in the process of detoxification. The toxicity of arsenic compounds was measured after exposure to three different matrices: water, spiked natural sediment and inert spiked quartz sand. LC₅₀ values were calculated for each exposure, and the results confirmed the highest toxicity of As^V, in addition to underlining the importance of matrix of exposure. Water exposure was the matrix which presented the highest toxicity for inorganic arsenic (As^V LC₅₀=3.51 mg L^?1 vs DMA LC₅₀=54.65 mg L^?1), spiked natural sediment demonstrated its capability to chelate arsenate toxicity (As^V LC₅₀=34.27 mg kg^?1 vs. DMA LC₅₀=52.19 mg kg^?1) and spiked quartz sand presented intermediate values for As^V (LC₅₀=25.26 mg kg^?1), whereas for DMA a lower toxicity was registered (LC₅₀=872.35 mg kg^?1). This study can provide some useful data linked with chemical speciation of arsenic and exposure matrix, for improving the correct management of contaminated sediment.