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1.
The analysis of consequential alarms is beneficial to avoiding alarm flooding and finding out root alarms in an industrial process. In this context, a novel similarity computation method taking into account of correlation delays between process alarms is introduced firstly. Subsequently, the Granger causality method is suggested to further clarify mutual impacts of similar alarm variables based on process data. Through the combination of alarm data similarity analysis and process data causality analysis, the consequential alarms can be effectively identified along with their evolution paths. An industrial case is employed to illustrate the benefits of the contribution. 相似文献
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Yanjun Chang Faisal Khan Salim Ahmed 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2011,89(5):310-316
Alarm flooding is a major safety issue in today's processing facilities. Important recommendations are available for alarm management; however, they are often violated in practice, especially in the alarm systems implemented through the distributed control system. An effective process alarm prioritization and management system is desired for a safe and effective operation of a process facility.In present work, authors address two main issues related to an alarm system – the reliability and the prioritization of the alarms. The main objective is to deal with the alarm-flooding problem in process facilities. A multi alert voting system based on sensor redundancy approach is proposed to improve the reliability. A quantitative risk-based alarm management approach is proposed to address the flooding issue. In the risk-based approach, an integrated model consisting of the probability (P), the impact (I) of the potential hazards, and the process safety time is proposed to prioritize these raised alarms.The proposed approach is further explained by a reactor system with pressure and temperature variable monitoring and controls, where the hazards associated with two alerts caused by over high pressure and over high temperature are analyzed and integrated with response time for alarms generation and prioritization. 相似文献
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HAZOP分析方法已经在国内的石化企业得到了广泛应用,其分析方法已经被大家熟知,但仍有很多人对HAZOP方法存在某些片面的理解,这在一定程度上影响了HAZOP分析的效果.首先以丙烷脱沥青装置进行的HAZOP分析为案例,介绍了HAZOP分析对于在役装置工艺安全管理的意义.进而,根据HAZOP分析方法的特点及不足以及HAZOP准备阶段出现的问题,讨论了如何完善分析效果、强化分析作用,从而使HAZOP分析更好地服务于在役装置工艺安全管理. 相似文献
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Feng Wang Yankun Zhao Ou Yang Jingbo Cai Mei Deng 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1399-1406
HAZOP analysis is a process hazard analysis method that has been widely applied both within and outside the chemical processing industries. This paper presents a design method for a process safety data management program for petrochemical plants based on HAZOP analysis and demonstrates the steps of application involved in building a process safety data management system for an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol production plant. Firstly, the production data files and relevant documents of the plants should be classified and stored in the program database as reference documents and treatment schemes for coping with abnormal situations should be collected and summarized as guidance documents. Secondly, the HAZOP analysis method is employed to identify all the dangerous deviations possibly existing in the production process of the ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant. Then, the relationships among the deviations, the reference documents and the guidance documents should be considered and evaluated. Finally, each dangerous deviation will be given a corresponding reference document and guidance document. The reference documents and guidance documents stored in the expert system can be utilized to help operators solve the corresponding technical problems and cope with abnormal situations. The process safety data management program will contribute to the identification, analysis and resolution of operation problems. When an abnormal situation occurs, according to the deviations exhibited in the system, the necessary reference documents and guidance documents will be quickly consulted by the operators, and an appropriate decision will be made to address the abnormal situation. Therefore, by using the process safety data management program, plant security and human safety in the petrochemical industries will be improved. 相似文献
6.
国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理概述 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
吴济民 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(7):192-198
国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理范畴主要包括PHA、MOC、RA/RM、事故调查、其他工艺安全管理工具等。本文主要介绍了国外化工企业常规工艺安全技术管理MOC———变更管理的概念、流程,临时MOC、MSR、PSSR等概念及流程。PHA———工艺危险性分析是国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理核心,主要应用于大型或复杂项目,重点详述了工艺危险性分析的流程、步骤以及四种常用的危险识别方法———HAZOP、SCA、What-If、FEMA的概念、主要步骤、分析过程及主要优点。一旦工艺危险被分析识别后,阐述了如何运用风险评估和风险管理(RA/RM)步骤、后果等级、频率评价、风险等级矩阵和风险降低的主要方法,如何采用故障树FTA和事件树ETA两种不同的方法测算各种事件或故障发生的概率以及事故的后果等级,最后介绍了故障树FTA和事件树ETA的主要步骤和方法。 相似文献
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Twenty-five years of HAZOPs 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The HAZOP or hazard and operability study was developed by ICI over 25 years ago and is in wide use today throughout the world. The technique is intended to review, in a formalized manner, the design of a system such as a chemical process production plant to detect potential problems in the operation of the system. The system has been extended for use on all types of production, storage and distribution units. Experience in the use of hazard studies has lead to the development of a phased approach with three distinct design phases. 相似文献
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During the abnormal plant conditions, too much information is produced due to momentary plant excursions above alarm limits. This flood of information impedes correct interpretation and correction of plant conditions by the operator. Existing techniques for the design of alarm systems mostly have weak ability to handle complex hazard scenarios and increase the probability of larger safety issues. In this paper, a comprehensive alarm information processing (AIP) technology is introduced, called multi-round alarm management system (MRAMS), including several processing strategies: AIP based on single sensor, AIP based on sensor group, root cause diagnosis based on Bayesian network, sensor fault judgment method and false alarm inhibition method. In case studies, both simulation experiment and pilot application on a real petrochemical plant are presented. Results indicate the MRAMS is helpful in improving the accuracy of correctly diagnosing the root causes and hence avoiding false and redundant alarms. By adopting this new technology, the safe and reliable operation of the plant can be achieved, and the economic loss brought by improper alarms can be reduced. 相似文献
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Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies are conducted to identify and assess potential hazards which originate from processes, equipment, and process plants. These studies are human-centered processes that are time and labor-intensive. Also, extensive expertise and experience in the field of process safety engineering are required. There have been several attempts by different research groups to (semi-)automate HAZOP studies in the past. Within this research, a knowledge-based framework for the automatic generation of HAZOP worksheets was developed. Compared to other approaches, the focus is on representing semantic relationships between HAZOP relevant concepts under consideration of the degree of abstraction. In the course of this, expert knowledge from the process and plant safety (PPS) domain is embedded within the ontological model. Based on that, a reasoning algorithm based on semantic reasoners is developed to identify hazards and operability issues in a HAZOP similar manner. An advantage of the proposed method is that by modeling causal relationships between HAZOP concepts, automatically generated but meaningless scenarios can be avoided. The results of the enhanced causation model are high quality extended HAZOP worksheets. The developed methodology is applied within a case study that involves a hexane storage tank. The quality and quantity of the automatically generated results agree with the original worksheets. Thus the ontology-based reasoning algorithm is well-suited to identify hazardous scenarios and operability issues. Node-based analyses involving multiple process units can also be carried out by a slight adjustment of the method. The presented method can help to support HAZOP study participants and non-experts in conducting HAZOP studies. 相似文献
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企业实施HAZOP分析的能力,从空白到熟练运用可分为6个层次,每个层次均有不同的表现和特点。实施能力处于低层次时,企业不能发挥HAZOP的作用与效果。分析归纳了6个层次的特点,总结出HAZOP技术实施影响因素结构图,并针对实施环境、HAZOP团队、HAZOP技术适宜性等三方面影响因素进行了详细分析,提出了解决思路和方法,从而为企业提高HAZOP分析的实施能力提供技术路线。 相似文献
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HAZOP是一种基于“引导词”的、由各专业人员组成的分析小组通过一系列的分析会议来完成的,对系统工艺或操作过程中存在可能导致风险的各种偏差的一种系统化识别的定性分析方法。为提高煤矿通风系统安全风险分析效果,将HAZOP分析方法应用于煤矿通风系统中。通过对煤矿通风系统进行分析,证实了HAZOP分析方法在煤矿通风系统应用的可能性和充分性。分析结果不仅反映出了导致煤矿通风安全风险(或通风安全事故)的人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态等现场因素,而且还评审出煤矿通风系统的设计和管理缺陷,为煤矿如何更好的管理通风系统提供了有力依据。 相似文献
12.
为了保证电镀废水处理工艺的安全性,首先采用危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)方法定性辨识工艺中潜在的危险和危害,并提出安全对策措施;然后采用保护层分析(LOPA)方法定量计算现有保护措施是否能够将风险控制在可接受范围;如果风险较高,通过增加安全仪表等级(SIL)降低风险值。并通过实例分析证明HAZOP-LOPA分析方法能够有效地实现电镀废水处理工艺的风险评价。 相似文献
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为避免复杂大型系统中由于工艺设备众多、过程报警配置增加而导致关联报警泛滥的问题,针对现有因果分析方法存在主观性强及不确定性因素、缺乏对变量间时滞关系的有效性检验等情况,提出一种基于时滞分析的过程报警传播路径分析方法;基于K近邻替补法(KNNI)进行变量间时滞估计,确定过程风险传播方向,并通过计算Sorgenfrei相似性系数,确定2变量间的报警关联程度,建立过程报警传播路径图;将该方法应用于某校内集中供暖系统。结果表明:所提方法可准确辨识出该过程中的2条关联报警传播路径,即X1(102号热交换器出口温度)→X2(校内热水供给温度)→X3(Tercero区域3号楼热水供给温度)和X1→X2→X4(Tercero区域食堂热水供给温度),所得时滞估计结果符合过程实际情况。依据所建模型,由于X2→X3的时滞(5 min)远小于X2→X4的时滞(24 min), 但报警关联程度相近,基于二者间时滞大小的差异,若X1发生高报警,可提示操作人员优先采取措施(如减少热水流量),防止X3在短时间内发生超高报警,达到预防报警、保障过程安全的目的。 相似文献
16.
HAZOP分析方法是目前危险性分析领域最盛行的分析方法之一,广泛地应用于石油化工行业。但是其分析过程仅依靠专家积累的知识与经验,不仅评价的内容不严格,而且分析的可信程度有限,对实际工作的指导意义不高,不能适应工业现场的要求。鉴于HAZOP分析方法中的不足,提出了基于SDG模型的HAZOP分析方法,并利用该方法对钻井作业过程进行了危险性分析。基于SDG模型的HAZOP分析方法从复杂系统的内部逻辑入手,进行深层次的推理,不仅提高了分析效率,而且分析所得结果的完备性较好。 相似文献
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加氢工艺是国家安全生产监督管理总局首批重点监管的危险化工工艺之一,需要对其进行自动化安全控制。从反应物料、加氢反应等对加氢工艺过程的危险性进行了初步分析。基于HAZOP方法,以加氢反应器为分析对象,深入探讨了反应温度、压力、氢气流量、惰性气体、冷却水、搅拌等方面出现偏差的原因、后果及安全对策措施,这些偏差包括无、多、少。根据加氢工艺HAZOP分析结果,并且在对大量的涉及加氢工艺的化工企业实际调查研究的基础上,结合众多化工安全专家的实践经验,重点从流量、压力、温度等主要偏差提出了安装流量自动控制控制器、超压报警自动控制、超温报警自动控制、可燃气体浓度检测报警探头、搅拌器电流报警等自动化安全控制方案。 相似文献
18.
HAZOP分析方法在石油工业上游业务中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于国内石油工业上游业务风险分析和安全评价现状,针对油气勘探、油气田开发、油气集输和海洋石油各阶段工艺流程与作业环境特性,选择引导词、偏差进行安全评价,分析和探讨HAZOP分析方法在上游业务中应用的可行性和适用性。研究表明,对于油气田开发、油气集输阶段以及海上油气田生产方面,应用HAZOP分析,可从本质安全角度提出项目风险管理控制措施,提高装置安全性和可操作性,促进企业持续稳定发展。但对于油气勘探阶段,由于其风险呈层次型且评价方法依赖于数学建模和数值计算,不适宜采用HAZOP分析方法。 相似文献
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基于动态SDG模型的间歇过程HAZOP方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)是目前应用最为广泛的安全评价方法之一。然而,通过对国内外已实施的生产过程安全评价方法及相关计算机辅助安全评价软件调查发现,目前对间歇过程HAZOP分析的研究还较少。因此,将Petfi网与符号定向图(SDG)相结合,以SDG模型为主,Petri网模型为辅,建立专门针对间歇过程HAZOP分析的动态SDG模型。由于Petfi网可以准确描述间歇过程的离散事件特性,而SDG能够恰当描述间歇过程的连续特性,二者结合使该模型成为间歇过程HAZOP分析的有力工具。 相似文献
20.
安全仪表系统等级划分与HAZOP分析的结合应用 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
介绍了安全仪表等级的划分和HAZOP分析,并用此方法分析了苯酐装置。大多数现役或在建苯酐装置的氧化反应器存在较大的火灾、爆炸危险性,一旦在操作、控制和管理上稍有疏忽,就可能发生火灾、爆炸事故。HAZOP方法针对指定系统进行结构化和系统化的审查,辨识系统中潜在的危害和潜在操作问题,基于HAZOP给出安全仪表等级是今后安全设计的一条新路。 相似文献