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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2007,85(3):207-220
High pressure jet fires pose a serious hazard to offshore installations operated by the oil and gas industry as demonstrated by the Piper Alpha incident. Following the Piper Alpha incident a major initiative by the offshore oil and gas industry operators led to the production of Interim Guidance Notes which provided guidance to operators on how to assess jet fire hazards. However, many areas of uncertainty were identified where no data was available. Areas of particular concern identified in the Interim Guidance Notes were two-phase jet fires, the effect of confinement on jet fires and their behaviour with water deluge. Since that time a considerable body of experimental research has been undertaken. Based on this recent data, this paper reassesses jet fire hazards in an offshore environment and provides updated guidance on the hazards they pose, including tabulated data and simple calculation techniques for predicting jet fire hazards. 相似文献
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为掌握超音速虹吸式空气雾化喷嘴雾化机理及特性,采用流体力学线性不稳定理论分析雾化机理,通过喷雾实验研究不同因素对雾化性能的影响及对比不同类型喷嘴的雾化效果。研究结果表明:随着距喷嘴出口距离增加,超音速虹吸式空气雾化喷嘴在雾滴破碎后碰撞聚合作用由强到弱,300 mm内雾滴粒径增长速率明显,300 mm外雾滴粒径增长速率较缓。随着供气压力增加,超音速虹吸式空气雾化喷嘴雾滴粒径逐渐减小,在实测距离内SMD(平均粒径)最小为17.5 μm。不同供气压力下,超音速虹吸式空气雾化喷嘴随距离增加,雾滴粒径增长趋势基本一致。有效射程内供气压力为0.1~0.5 MPa时,SMD仅为17.5~31.16 μm。对比实验中,超音速虹吸式空气雾化喷嘴SMD比内混式空气雾化喷嘴和X旋流型压力喷嘴小53.5%~74.0%。 相似文献
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喷雾降尘效率及喷雾参数匹配研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用压力型雾化喷嘴沉降煤矿粉尘简单实用。为了更好地利用喷雾技术高效沉降作业场所的粉尘,采用理论分析的方法得到水雾粒度与水压力之间的关系曲线,进一步得到喷雾降尘效率与水压力之间的关系曲线,并在煤矿井下进行试验验证。从而得出高效沉降粉尘应该用小口径喷嘴和较高的喷雾压力,但应限制在10MPa以下,超过该限值,降尘率提高甚微。2MPa以下的喷雾压力,降尘效率超不过50%,对水资源是一种浪费。当限定喷雾系统的水量消耗时,应采取减小喷嘴口径或减少喷嘴数量的方法获得较高的喷雾压力,从而获得较高的降尘效率。 相似文献
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为了研究消防水幕衰减火灾热辐射和阻隔火灾烟气蔓延的隔热阻烟特性,基于搭建的3 m× 3 m × 2.5 m(长×宽×高)小尺寸试验平台,开展大量实体火灾试验,研究水幕作用下空间温度分布特性以及烟气运动规律,并重点分析了喷头压力和喷头类型2种参数对水幕隔热阻烟性能的影响。结果表明:实施水幕分隔对火灾上层高温烟气具有明显的降温作用;实施水幕能够有效阻止火灾烟气的前期扩散;喷头压力越大,水幕的隔热效率越高,当喷头压力增大至0.6 MPa时,水幕的隔热效率可达70%以上;使用ZSTWC撞击式水雾喷头比ZSTM-AT式扇形水幕喷头更有利于形成均匀分布的水幕断面。 相似文献
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为研究改善除尘滤筒清灰过程中喷吹气流偏斜的问题,通过在多孔喷吹管上安装混流喷嘴,在滤筒迎流面和背流面6个测点分别安装压力传感器,测试不同喷吹压力和喷吹距离下的侧壁压力峰值.结果 表明:安装混流喷嘴后,在最优喷吹压力0.4 MPa实验条件下,滤筒迎流面一侧与背流面一侧的压力峰值差距减小,压力动态波形图相似,清灰更加均匀,... 相似文献
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水喷淋作用下建筑通道烟气蔓延特性模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用数值模拟研究在单喷淋作用下建筑通道内烟气的蔓延特性,并对不同喷淋压力条件下烟气质量流量、温度及CO体积分数随时间的变化进行对比,对引起喷淋作用下烟气蔓延速度及烟气成分浓度变化的主要原因进行了分析。结果表明,增加喷淋压力对烟气的降温作用增强,降低了烟气在通道内的蔓延速度;同时,喷淋引起的烟气拥塞增加了流出喷淋覆盖区的烟气的CO体积分数,使得烟气毒性加大。 相似文献
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小型水射流旋转喷头是一种可广泛应用于各行各业各种类型清洗的装置。它利用泵加压后水能产生的力,通过行星轮系及喷嘴偏心使喷头自转,产生旋转射流,扩大清洗面,对提高清洗效率的研究及应用有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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为研究不同类型气水喷嘴的雾化效果及气体流量和水流量对雾化效果的影响,基于实验室自行设计的气水喷雾实验系统,利用JL-3000型激光粒度分析仪及电磁流量计和转子流量计对气水喷嘴流量特性及最佳工况条件进行了实验研究。采用origin软件对数据进行分析得到雾化粒径及雾滴相对尺寸ΔS随气体流量及水流量的变化曲线,并以此衡量喷嘴的雾化效果。利用喷雾学、流体力学及多相流等理论对实验现象进行分析并得到喷嘴的最佳工况条件。实验结果表明:当水流量一定时,随着气体流量的增加,雾滴粒径减小速度由快变慢。当气体流量为80 L/min时,水流量为5 L/h即气液比为960时干雾喷嘴雾化效果最好,扇形喷嘴和锥形喷嘴气水流量分别为100 L/min,5 L/h和140 L/min,5 L/h,即气液比分别为1 200和1 680时其雾化效果最好。通过对比最佳雾化效果发现干雾喷嘴的雾滴粒径及雾滴相对尺寸最小,可以达到更好的雾化效果和经济效益。 相似文献
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为解决常规水幕除尘装置阻隔巷道或隧道的问题,基于势流叠加原理,推导缝隙喷口边界流线方程,构造喷口流线型边界线.在SolidWorks中利用流线型边界线形成二维面,拉伸得到三维结构;针对该喷口及现有锥形缝隙喷口,采用CFD软件中的Realizable k-ε湍流模型,完成内部流场的数值模拟.研究结果表明:入水口附近存在流... 相似文献
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用于煤矿安全切割的前混合磨料射流加速机理研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
前混合磨料射流具有切割各种材料无火花、所需设备压力低以及操作简单等优点,具有广泛应用井下安全切割的功能。笔者根据建立的磨料粒子运动方程,推导出具有普遍意义的匀速流场内粒子路程函数以及用数值分析法求解出粒子在喷嘴内的速度;通过理论分析和具体的数值计算,磨料最主要的加速过程是在收缩段内完成,磨料粒子从喷嘴喷出时已能高达水流速度的95 %以上,磨料粒子在离开喷嘴在射流的核心段内仍将继续得到加速;同时发现,在条件允许的情况下,喷嘴的收缩段应适当长些,喷嘴圆柱段长度为喷嘴出口直径的2 .5~3.0倍最合适。 相似文献
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Alexander I. Karpov Andrei Y. Leschev Alexei M. Lipanov Georgy A. Leschev 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(2):338-343
The behavior of fire suppression by water mist spray has been studied by using the experimental setup which employs the double-based solid propellant gas generator for water mist production. The burning products of solid fuel form a supersonic flow injected through the nozzle into the diffuser chamber having input for the water component ejected from the storage. High values of temperature and pressure at stagnation point impart the substantial kinetic energy to the flow, which provides the atomization of water droplets into mist spray. Since the water evaporation occurs already in the diffuser chamber due to the high temperature of input gas flow, the droplet size is gradually decreases to the lower limit value that could ever exist. The presence of vapor phase enlarges the volume of fire extinguishing jet allowing it to operate as a flooding agent (along with the effect of heat consumption due to water evaporation) at the very beginning of fire suppression process, much before the water droplets evaporation by the flame itself. Proposed technique of the water mist production has showed noticeable fire suppression capability through the series of testing application to the gasoline and wood model fire sources. 相似文献
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细水雾灭火系统在公路隧道中的应用引发了较多关注,但是针对特大断面公路隧道的研究仍然不足。以2种大断面及4种特大断面公路隧道为研究对象,选取额定流量35 L/min、额定压力10 MPa的高压细水雾喷头,选择4种喷头布置形式,考虑火源功率、位置、遮挡物等影响因素,以隧道顶棚达到耐火极限的临界温度和相邻车辆被引燃的临界热辐射强度为判据,利用FDS模拟软件分析得到适用于隧道的细水雾喷头布置方案。结果表明对于特大断面隧道,细水雾单排顶喷布置不能有效抑制30 MW的大货车火灾,应采用增加顶喷或侧喷喷头的布置形式,从而保护隧道结构安全,防止相邻车辆被引燃。 相似文献
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Richard J. Bettis Stuart F. Jagger Henk W.M. Witlox Michael Harper 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(3):462-467
This paper describes the results of the first experimental stage of Phase IV of a Joint Industry Project (JIP) on liquid jets and two-phase droplet dispersion. The objective of this stage of the JIP was to generate experimental rainout data for non-flashing water and xylene experiments. See the overview companion paper I for a wider overview of the problem, model implementation and associated model validation.A range of orifice sizes (2.5 and 5 mm) and stagnation pressures (4–16 barg) were applied. Measurements included flow rate, initial droplet size, plume concentrations/temperatures for a range of downstream locations, and distributed rainout.Instead of the Phase Doppler Anemometry method used for droplet size measurements earlier in the JIP, a photographic technique was applied in an attempt to include measurement of the larger (non-spherical) droplets. This enabled a more accurate evaluation of the initial droplet size distribution and a much clearer understanding of the droplet morphology. The results showed that the droplet behaviour in the jet is more complex than had been anticipated with the mass distribution dominated by a very small number of large non-spherical droplets. Consequently a large number of spray images were required to evaluate an accurate size distribution.Distributed rainout was measured by weighing the amount of rainout in trays positioned along the jet direction. The rainout results showed a good degree of repeatability and internal consistency. They indicated that an increasing proportion of the released material did not rainout for increasing pressure. Rainout distance also increased with increasing pressure. Evaporation of the liquid was confirmed by temperature measurements, which showed the effect of evaporative cooling.Xylene concentration measurements (up to 1%) were carried out using a direct reading photoionization detector calibrated for xylene (measuring vapour only). For a limited dataset, the accuracy of these measurements was estimated by means of comparison against an alternative more time-consuming concentration method (xylene absorption onto a charcoal filter; measuring both vapour and liquid). The concentration measurements displayed several consistent qualitative features. For example, at a given downstream distance, the peak concentration increases with increasing pressure and nozzle diameter and the vertical height at which the peak is achieved increases. The cross-stream profiles displayed a consistent tendency to increased concentration at the edge of the jet, and the reason for this has not been established.Finally recommendations are provided for potential future work. 相似文献
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细水雾抑制熄灭K类火有效性的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文通过全尺寸模拟实验研究了细水雾与K类火的相互作用,利用LDV/APV激光多普勒分析仪对细水雾特性进行了测量,分析了细水雾的粒径、速度及雾动量对灭火有效性的影响规律。分别改变喷头类型、工作压力、喷头与火源的垂直距离及喷射角度进行多种工况的灭火实验,结果表明,细水雾的灭火有效性随着压力的增大得到明显提高,喷头的雾化性能直接影响着细水雾的灭火有效性,同时喷射角度及喷射距离也影响着细水雾的灭火有效性。本文为细水雾灭火技术用于厨房环境的火灾防护提供了科学的参考依据和必要的设计参数。 相似文献
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瓦斯预抽钻孔在抽放过程中经常出现塌孔、堵孔等现象。针对这一问题,提出采用自进式旋转钻头修复失效钻孔的新方法。其利用自进式旋转钻头后置喷嘴的喷射反冲力作为动力,自行至钻孔堵塞段处,前置喷嘴形成的高压水射流对堵孔煤渣进行破碎,将其与水混合返出孔外,实现清孔排渣、钻孔修复的目的。对自进式旋转钻头钻孔破煤清渣的临界射流压力及流量进行分析,基于摩擦动力学计算钻头自驱的临界射流压力,在此基础上设计钻头结构及优化喷嘴布置,数值分析不同喷嘴组合情况下射流速度分布,得出最优喷嘴布置方式。并应用于鹤煤八矿-655轨道石门揭煤瓦斯预抽,实验结果表明:该方法能够实现失效钻孔的修复,并有效的提高了瓦斯抽采效果,缩短了瓦斯抽放时间。 相似文献