Inhibiting effects of gas–particle mixtures containing CO2, Mg(OH)2 particles,and NH4H2PO4 particles on methane explosion in a 20-L closed vessel

The main risk factors from methane explosion are the associated shock waves, flames, and harmful gases. Inert gases and inhibiting powders are commonly used to prevent and mitigate the damage caused by an explosion. In this study, three inhibitors (inert gas with 8.0 vol% CO₂, 0.25 g/L Mg(OH)₂ particles, and 0.25 g/L NH₄H₂PO₄ particles) were prepared. Their inhibiting effects on methane explosions with various concentrations of methane were tested in a nearly spherical 20-L explosion vessel. Both single-component inhibitors and gas–particle mixtures can substantially suppress methane explosions with varying degrees of success. However, various inhibitors exhibited distinct reaction mechanisms for methane gas, which indicated that their inhibiting effects for methane explosion varied. To alleviate amplitude, the ranking of single-component inhibitors for both explosion pressure (P_ex) and the rate of explosion pressure rise [(dP/dt)_ex] was as follows: CO₂, NH₄H₂PO₄ particles, and Mg(OH)₂ particles. In order of decreasing amplitude, the ranking of gas‒particle mixtures for both P_ex and (dP/dt)_ex was as follows: CO₂–NH₄H₂PO₄ mixture, CO₂‒Mg(OH)₂ mixture, and pure CO₂. Overall, the optimal suppression effect was observed in the system with the CO₂–NH₄H₂PO₄ mixture, which exhibited an eminent synergistic effect on methane explosions. The amplitudes of P_ex with methane concentrations of 7.0, 9.5, and 11.0 vol% decreased by 37.1%, 42.5%, and 98.6%, respectively, when using the CO₂–NH₄H₂PO₄ mixture. In addition, an antagonistic effect was observed with CO₂‒Mg(OH)₂ mixtures because MgO, which was generated by the thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)₂, can chemically react with water vapor and CO₂ to produce basic magnesium carbonate (xMgCO₃·yMg(OH)₂·zH₂O), thereby reducing the CO₂ concentration in a reaction system. This research revealed the inhibiting effects of gas‒particle mixtures (including CO₂, Mg(OH)₂ particles, and NH₄H₂PO₄ particles) on methane explosions and provided primary experimental data.     

抑制煤矿瓦斯爆炸传播的新技术设想

基于石油阻火装置对可燃气体爆炸传播的火焰具有淬熄作用,对压力波具有抑制作用,提出将金属丝网、波纹板型等几种结构用于抑制煤矿瓦斯爆炸传播的新思路,填补了阻火器在煤矿中应用的空白,为煤矿阻隔爆技术开拓出新的领域.     

多层丝网结构抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的数学模型

在多层金属丝网结构对瓦斯爆炸传播的抑制作用机理上建立了多层丝网结构抑燃抑爆的数学模型,表述了火焰传播参数、爆炸反应波参数与丝网结构参数之间的关系.     

DQ—500型惰气灭火装置

本文提出扑灭瓦斯矿井火灾的惰气灭火装置,并介绍了该装置的工作原理,构造及其应用。研究了风油比与燃气成分的关系;阐述了风油比自控系统对保证燃气成分符合灭火要求的重要意义和作用。本文还对国内外同类灭火装置性能进行比较。通过试验表明,该装置既能扑灭矿井火灾又能抑制瓦斯爆炸,是处理瓦斯矿井火灾理想的灭火新装备。     

煤与瓦斯突出冲击波及瓦斯气流所致伤害研究

为揭示煤与瓦斯突出过程中冲击波及瓦斯气流传播特性,针对这种突出做功随瓦斯压力、煤的普氏系数和煤的放散初速度变化的特征,运用气体动力学理论,建立冲击波超压、冲击瓦斯流速度与传播距离以及煤层瓦斯压力等参数的关系,计算不同超压下瓦斯气流传播伤害的范围.理论计算与现场测试结果表明,突出冲击波属惰性弱冲击波;波阵面上的超压传播伤害距离与突出时瓦斯膨胀的强度、巷道断面及巷道壁面的摩擦力和局部阻力等因素有关;冲击产生的高压瓦斯气流是造成巷道内大量人员窒息伤亡的主要诱因;突出能量瞬间释放没有补给,冲击波及瓦斯气流会在巷道阻力等因素作用下迅速衰减.     

矿井瓦斯控爆技术及材料研究进展

瓦斯爆炸灾害防治一直是我国煤矿安全研究的热点、难点。通过对国内外相关文献总结分析,从瓦斯抑爆装置、抑爆介质及抑爆机理3个方面综述了目前国内外矿井瓦斯抑爆技术及抑爆材料的研究现状,提出了未来的发展方向。研究结果表明:瓦斯抑爆技术的有效性和可靠性主要取决于抑爆介质的物理化学性质、控爆空间几何参数、爆炸特性参数和抑爆系统中爆炸探测方式等因素;结合瓦斯爆炸链式反应理论和探测技术的发展,研究应更多地关注抑爆过程的微观特性,揭示其详细的抑爆作用机理,为探寻新型高效、绿色抑爆材料提供更有力的理论支持。     

多孔填充材料的防火防爆机理及应用

在液化气体、燃料储罐内填充多孔材料,可有效地减少或避免储罐发生爆炸事故.本文分析了这类材料的防爆机理并简要介绍了其应用情况.     

细水雾技术在抑制瓦斯爆炸中的应用

介绍了细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸的机理以及部分应用细水雾对瓦斯爆炸效果影响的实验,提出了采用细水雾方法抑制瓦斯爆炸有可能为瓦斯防治领域开辟新的途径.     

Real-time numerical simulations and experimental research for the propagation characteristics of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst

When coal and gas outburst occurs, high-speed gas flow and air shock wave with high kinetic energy could be created. In this paper, the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow has been analyzed firstly. Afterwards, the numerical simulation models of the roadways with right-angled intersection have been established, by which real-time simulation of the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport has been conducted. Gas pressure, gas velocity and gas concentration can be simulated and shown. From analyzing the simulation results, qualitative and quantitative conclusions that the characteristics and patterns of the propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow can be arrived at. Finally, experimental models have been carried out to investigate the outburst shock waves and gas flow at the roadways with the similar shapes as the simulated ones. The results indicate that when shock wave and gas flow passes the intersection, most of the shock wave and gas flow will flow into the roadway of section opposite the intersection, and a little of it would flow into the roadway below the intersection. And turbulence will appear, shock wave reflects and diffracts at branches with more influence on the roadway below the intersection.     

Effects of initial temperature and pressure on explosion characteristics of propane–diluent–air mixtures

The explosion characteristics of propane–diluent–air mixtures under various temperatures and pressures were investigated using a 20-L apparatus. The explosion limits of propane diluted with nitrogen or carbon dioxide were measured at high temperatures from 25 to 120 °C. The results showed that the upper explosion limit (UEL) increased, and the lower explosion limit (LEL) decreased with the rising temperature. The explosion limits of propane diluted with nitrogen or carbon dioxide were also measured at high pressures from 0.10 to 0.16 MPa. The results showed that the UEL increased, and the LEL almost remainedunchanged along with increased pressure. Under the same initial operating conditions, the concentration of nitrogen required to reach the minimum inerting concentration (MIC) point was higher than the concentration of carbon dioxide. Finally, the study investigated the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of propane under various initial temperatures, initial pressures, and inert gases. The LOC of propane decreased approximately linearly with increased temperature or pressure, and the LOC of propane dilution with carbon dioxide was greater than dilution with nitrogen from 25 to 120 °C or from 0.10 to 0.16 MPa, which indicated that the dilution effect of carbon dioxide was better than that of nitrogen.     

瑞利波预测煤与瓦斯突出

瑞利波勘探是近年来发展起来的一种新型的岩土原位测试勘探方法.笔者重点对瞬态瑞利波相速度的算法进行了研究.提出了对信号进行预先调制,随后再对所求得的相位进行修正的方法;另为还须考虑其仪器采集信号时的时间差影响.根据以上算法求得的相速度更接近瑞利波真速度,从而提高了相速度的分辨率和精确度.把瞬态瑞利波勘探法运用在矿山生产中,利用平面瑞利波的频散特性,根据瑞利波的传播速度与煤岩的物理力学性质具有相关性,提出了一种新型的预测煤与瓦斯突出的方法.为矿井安全生产预测预报瓦斯突出提供了一种新的手段,同时对突出煤层掘进前方突出危险区和安全距离的分析判断提供了一种新的方法.     

煤与瓦斯突出预测研究动态及展望

笔者总结了以突出敏感性指标预测为基础的接触式煤与瓦斯突出预测技术的发展现状;阐述了瓦斯地质理论研究进展情况;对统计学方法、计算机模拟、模糊数学、灰色系统理论、神经网络技术、专家系统、分形理论、流变与突变理论等数学物理理论在煤与瓦斯突出预测领域中的应用情况作了系统的描述;对GIS技术、无线电波透视探测技术及以地震波为主的弹性波技术为煤与瓦斯突出预测技术的发展前景作了必要的分析.     

管道内瓦斯爆炸压力的传播研究

对瓦斯气体在管道内的爆炸过程进行了初步研究.根据实验结果将压力传播的变化过程分为前驱冲击波、升压、降压、余波4个阶段,并对各阶段中的压力传播状况进行了分析.结果显示,瓦斯气体在管道传播过程中,出现冲击波反射、波叠加及二次反冲现象,为管道内及煤矿巷道爆炸的预防提供了参考.     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸阻隔爆技术现状及展望

煤矿主要采用隔爆水棚或岩粉棚来抑制瓦斯爆炸火焰传播,但此类技术仅针对一次性瓦斯爆炸,而缺乏对多次及连续瓦斯爆炸的有效阻隔爆手段。仅注重对燃烧波的淬熄作用,对造成很大破坏的冲击波的衰减效果不足。多孔介质的淬熄火焰和衰减冲击波的效能已得到国内外专家的重视,实验研究了多层丝网和多孔材料如泡沫铝和泡沫陶瓷的阻隔爆效果。泡沫陶瓷作为一种多孔介质,具有开孔率大、耐高温、抗冲击力强的优点。理论分析和实验研究表明,由于壁面的多次撞击效应,多孔介质可以有效地销毁瓦斯燃烧化学反应产生的自由基数量,抑制化学反应的放热,使化学反应不能自持进行,进而淬熄燃烧火焰传播;可以大幅衰减瓦斯爆炸的冲击波强度,起到同时淬熄燃烧火焰和衰减冲击波的作用。多孔介质有望成为煤矿井下一种新型的瓦斯爆炸阻隔爆材料和方法。     

基于激波理论的新兴煤矿煤与瓦斯突出事故研究

通过分析新兴煤矿煤与瓦斯突出事故,发现在事故中由于煤与瓦斯突出事故诱发了激波的生成,瞬间产生的巨大超压,引起风流逆向,大量瓦斯随逆向风流从突出地点扩散传播至二水平,接触卸载巷电机车架空线所产生的电火花,从而引发瓦斯爆炸事故。提出了突出激波对事故的影响并分析了突出激波的形成及其破坏作用,研究了影响突出激波破坏作用的影响因素,得出参与突出的瓦斯量和瓦斯压力是影响激波强度的关键因素。有助于了解突出后的气流动力演化规律,并为煤与瓦斯突出事故的防灾、救灾措施的制定以及提高矿井的抗灾能力提供了参考。