基于组件式GIS的重大危险源管理系统的设计与开发

基于组件式GIS技术建立城市重大危险源管理系统.概述了组件式GIS的技术特点,结合当前城市重大危险源管理的要求,利用该技术从系统结构、系统功能、数据库结构等方面完成城市重大危险源管理信息系统的设计.实现了反映城市重大危险源数据的图层的建立以及重大危险源的评价分级功能,并提出了危险源的专题图分析和危险事故分析方法,完成了城市重大危险源管理系统的开发.     

重大危险源控制技术研究现状及若干问题探讨

本文论述了重大危险源的定义，辨识标准及重大危险源控制系统；介绍了国外重大危险源控制技术的研究和应用进展；对建立我国重大危险源控制系统进行了探讨，提出了尽快制定我国重大工业危险源控制法规、重大危险源辨识标准以及建立分级监察和控制体系等建议。     

建立我国重大事故预防控制体系之探讨

简述了我国重大工业事故发生的主要原因，提出了建立重大事故预防控制体系的建议，制定《重大事故预防和控制法》，实行重大危险源上报、登记、评价、分级监察管理，建立国家、省、市三级重大事故应急反应系统和重大危险源动态监控网络系统。     

论重大危险源监控与重大事故隐患治理

重大危险源是指工业活动中危险物质或能量超过临界量的设备、设施或场所.工业活动中重大火灾、爆炸、毒物泄漏事故,尽管其起因和影响不尽相同,但都有一个共同的特征:其根源是存在大量的易燃、易爆、有毒物质或具有引发灾难事故的能量.重大危险源同重大事故隐患是两个既有联系又有区别的概念,前者强调设备、设施、场所中存在或固有的危险物质(能量)的多少,后者则可以认为是出现明显缺陷(人的不安全行为,物的不安全状态或管理上的缺陷)的重大危险源.从重大事故隐患治理到重大危险源普查(申报)、监控是预防重大事故理论与技术的进步,是从源头抓预防,是落实预防为主,关口前移的具体体现,也是国家安全生产法律、法规的强制要求.笔者论述了重大危险源监控、重大事故隐患治理与重大事故预防之间的区别与联系,用事故是能量意外释放的观点,论述了安全是相对的、危险是永存的、事故是可以预防的;分析了建立重大危险源监控体系与重大事故预防控制体系的几大要素,即危险源辨识、评价、分级管理与监控,应急救援等.     

易燃易爆重大危险源事故概率计算

分有人介入和无人介入重大危险源监测系统两种情况，运用马尔可夫过程研究了重大危险源发生事故的概率，并进行了实例计算。所给概率模型可用于重大危险源的安全评价。【关键词】##4易燃易爆重大危险源;;马尔可夫过程;;安全评价;;事故概率计算;;安全监测系统     

论我国重大危险源辨识标准

简要介绍了国外重大危险设施的辨识标准研究情况,并结合我国重大危险源普查试点工作的初步辨识标准,以及几个试点城市普查的数据分析,提出了我国重大危险源辨识最小标准的建议.     

易燃、易爆、有毒重大危险源评价方法与控制措施

论述了重大危险源和重大事故隐患的定义;介绍了易燃、易爆、有毒重大危险源评价方法;在辨识评价的基础上,提出了制定重大危险源事故应急计划,加强监控、管理等措施     

The implementation of the SEVESO II legislation in the Polish major hazard industry

The paper presents the implementation of the SEVESO II Directive in Poland. Particularly, a systematic approach to the realization of MAPP, Safety Report and Emergency Plan is shown. It takes into account the real technical and organizational standards of the Polish major hazard industry as well. The impact of the implementation of SEVESO II Legislation on safety performance changes in particular major hazard companies was assessed using the questionnaires method of data collection. The fundamental question of that survey was: did that exercise improve safety performance or was it just a ‘paper work’? The majority of survey reported more positive than negative comments. The conclusions were drawn and some suggestions were made to improve major accident control in Poland.     

从美国法规“高度危害化学物质处理过程的安全管理”谈我国重大危险源的控制

简要介绍国外、特别是美国在控制重大危险源方面的基本情况，针对我国实际，提出“辩识──评价——监察”的管理模式作为控制重大危险源的对策。     

城市控制爆破工程的爆破事故和爆破公害研究

爆破事故和爆破公害是关于爆破工程中的安全问题,笔者对爆破事故中的早爆、拒爆和爆破公害中的爆破振动、爆破空气冲击波、爆破飞石进行了详细论述,分析了爆破事故及公害产生的原因,从而给出了相应的防止措施;进而依法采取了爆破安全管理可行办法.     

易燃易爆重大危险源标准化管理模式初探

以易燃易爆重大危险源的控制系统(包括易燃易爆重大危险源的辨识、评价、管理、监察、应急计划)为基础,探讨性地提出了进行标准化管理的思路与方法,旨在建立一种标准化管理的新模式.     

Use of safety barriers in operational safety decision making

Operational personnel in complex hazardous industries are regularly called upon to make decisions that balance the production and safety objectives of their organisation. Regulations and industry standards focus on defining and complying with operating limits of various kinds as the primary method of achieving the right balance. Such limits remove the need in many cases for in-the-moment judgements about safety and production priorities.Focussing solely on the compliance with a pre-defined envelope underestimates the direct contribution to safety from operational managers based on their professional judgement. Research in a chemical plant, a nuclear power station and an air navigation service provider has identified a “line in the sand” approach taken by experienced operating personnel when abnormal situations arise. In developing these situation-specific self-imposed limits, operational managers focus on the status of safety barriers, rather than considering risk from first principles. This approach could form the basis of a new procedure, which lays out the process to be followed in determining how best to proceed (similar to job safety analysis or permit to work). This would acknowledge that such decisions are necessary, assist operational personnel in making better choices and open such decisions to appropriate audit and scrutiny.     

城市重大危险源安全规划方法及程序研究

城市重大危险源是影响城市安全水平的一个重要因素,对城市重大危险源的规划和整治是提高城市安全水平的一个重要途径.本文在\"十五\"国家科技攻关计划课题\"城市公共安全规划与应急预案编制及其关键技术研究\"第一专题\"城市公共安全规划技术、方法与程序研究\"的研究成果基础上,提出了城市重大危险源安全规划的一般性方法和技术要点,以期为城市重大危险源安全规划的编制提供技术指导.     

Availability organisational analysis: Is it a hazard for safety?

This main issue of this article analyses the possible way to use for availability improvement, the organisational analysis methodology initially developed for accident safety investigations. As the last decade examples in the industrial world prove that some organisational weaknesses could either impact safety or availability, we have for purpose to make some important clarifications, with the help of the organisational paradigm, and grounded on our knowledge of safety accidents or local inquiries in hazardous technical complex systems.We will first give our definition of an availability event, by comparison with a safety event and recall what is for us an organisational analysis. Then we will consider the safety organisational paradigm pathogenic factors in wondering if these factors could also be seen as pathogenic factors for availability; or if specific availability pathogenic factors can be inferred from these safety pathogenic factors.In the end we will try to assess the common points and the differences between an availability oriented organisational analysis and a safety oriented one, with a particular attention to possible negative follows-up on safety issues and to the methodology issue.     

烟花爆竹生产安全问题探析

烟花爆竹生产由于行业的特殊性,危险性很大.近年来,烟花爆竹安全生产形势严峻,事故频发,危害严重.笔者在调查研究的基础上,分析了烟花爆竹生产的危险性以及引发事故的主要原因.着重讨论了烟花爆竹安全生产的可行性途径,强调提高准入门槛,严格安全生产许可证的核发;加大监督管理力度,严格规章制度的落实;发展地方经济,从根本上防止非法生产;并通过对湖南浏阳花炮生产安全管理的分析,探讨安全文化建设在烟花爆竹这一高危行业的作用,认为烟花爆竹行业要发展,要尽可能减少事故的发生,一定要注重安全管理,注重企业安全文化建设,注重提高从业人员的安全文化素质.