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1.
离子色谱法同时测定有机和无机阴离子 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用离子色谱法同时测定有机阴离子和无机阴离子,实验中采用一种新型高容量分离柱,灵敏度高,选择性好。讨论了最佳实验条件的选择测定了F^-,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO2^-,SeO3^2-、C2O4^2-、甲酸奶和乙酸根等阴离子,并且分析了沈阳地区雪样中的几种阴离子。 相似文献
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地下水中硒存在形态的分析方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文采用含高浓度Mg^2+和SO4^2-的三种地下水样,在PH〈5条件下,地下水样中的SeO3^2-和SeO4^2-选择性地吸附于CuO颗粒物上,然后在PH=12.5时解吸。接着用HGAAS和IC法分别测出SeO3^2-,SeO4^2-浓度。并对二阶阳离子影响水中SeO4^2-的测定作了估算。 相似文献
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本文介绍用一般高效液相色谱仪,不用抑制柱:分析柱为IC-PAK阴离子交换柱,用电导检测器检测,测定水中Cl^-,NO2^-,Br^-,NO3^-,SO4^-离子。试验了淋洗液不同浓度和PH对阴离子分离的影响,并与另一组淋洗液比较各阴离子的最低检测浓度,及测定自来水中阴离子含量。检测限在0.1mg/L-0.83mg/L间。用邻苯二甲酸氢钾淋洗液测定的变异系数<5.10%。单柱离子色谱法用于水中吸附有 相似文献
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利用Cu^2+与水中的S^2-形成难溶的CuS,剩余Cu^2+的含量用T(4-MOP)PS4光度法测定,间接求得S^2-的含量。研究了沉淀和显色的最佳条件。在pH8.5左右,形成难溶的CuS,过量的铜在pH4.0用(T(4-MOP)PS4显色,然后用稀HCl酸化至pH2.3左右测定,以提高方法的选择性,并探讨了共存离子的干扰情况。 相似文献
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重庆城区大气颗粒物污染来源解析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
首次在重庆采用受体模型-CMB7.0模型来定量解析各种尘源对受体TSP的贡献率(%),结果表明:重庆城区大气TSP主要来源燃煤烟尘(43.0%),钢铁冶金尘(35.7),道路土壤尘(9.3%),建筑材料尘(3.0%)及SO^2-4(6.2%)NO^-3(1.1%)二次气溶胶。 相似文献
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周苏平 《国外环境科学技术》1994,(3):45-50
在有氧和无氧条件下,利用罗曼光谱测定反应生成物的方法,研究了NO2和含SO^2-3溶液的反应机理,反应的生成物中含有NO-3,SO2-4和S2O2-5,反应的初始产物是NO-2离子和SO-3,基团:NO2+SO^2-3→NO^-2+SO^-3。SO^-3基团可以进行重组,或与氧反应生成SO-3基团。在无氧条件下,(SO^2-4)/(S2O^2-3)=1.8±0.3,反映SO^-3基团重组的反应如下 相似文献
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南京市内河道沉积物中重金属元素形态及Pb稳定同位素组成 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3
采集南京市居住和商业区内的河道沉积物,研究重金属元素的形态分布及Pb稳定同位素组成,探讨城市河道沉积物中重金属的迁移潜力和推断污染特征. 沉积物中重金属改良的BCR三步顺序提取研究表明,沉积物中Cd和Zn主要分布于酸溶态;Pb和Cu主要分布于可氧化态;Ni和Cr主要分布于残渣态. Cd和Zn的环境效应最值得关注,而Ni和Cr环境影响最小. 沉积物中m(208Pb)/m(206Pb)和m(206Pb)/m(207Pb)分别为2.102 4~2.123 9和1.159 3~1.184 5. 居住和商业区内的河道沉积物Pb稳定同位素组成相近,具有相似污染源. 居住和商业区内沉积物的Pb稳定同位素比率与文献中南京大气、城市土壤Pb稳定比率相似,因而河道沉积物重金属富集与城市重金属污染密切相关. 相似文献
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种植陆地棉原位净化污灌区土壤中镉的可行性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨非食源性作物陆地棉应用于土壤中镉原位净化的可行性,选取华北地区城郊污灌区6块代表性陆地棉样地,运用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS),测定了土壤及陆地棉根系、秸秆、果壳、纤维、籽粒中消解态全镉含量. 结果显示:污灌土壤中w(Cd)平均值为247.26 μg/kg,已出现积累现象;陆地棉植株各组织中w(Cd)为果壳(199.1 μg/kg)>秸秆(171.8 μg/kg)>根系(122.9 μg/kg)>籽粒(107.8 μg/kg)>纤维(44.8 μg/kg);陆地棉植株地上部分w(Cd)的加权平均值为150.2 μg/kg,其富集系数(BCF)为0.612,转移系数(TI)为1.22;按陆地棉生物量(干质量)为36000 kg/hm2计算,种植一季陆地棉可使土壤耕作层中w(Cd)降低2.02 μg/kg,降低了0.82%. 陆地棉属非食源性经济作物,其地域适应性广,对土壤镉的耐性较强,在污灌区土壤镉的原位净化中具有潜在应用前景. 相似文献
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Min Yue Qinyan Yue Yuanfeng Qi Baoyu Gao Hui Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):117-124
In this work we investigated the chemical, thermal and toxic properties of dried sewage sludge (DSS), the preparation and
properties of lightweight sludge ceramic (LSC) and the mechanisms of action of the organic and inorganic foaming agents (OFAs
and IFAs). The chemical components and thermal properties of the raw materials were studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray Detection
(EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC/TGA). The mineral phases of the raw materials
and the formed ceramics were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The leaching characteristics of heavy metals were investigated
with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Different ratios of DSS and clay were mixed and pressed
into raw pellets. After drying and preheating treatment, the raw pellets were sintered at 1150°C for 10 min. The physical
properties of LSC (50 wt% DSS added) were tested. The results showed that when the addition of DSS was above 50 wt%, LSC began
to shrink, and a maximum density occurred. The environmental safety of LSC was satisfactory. XRD showed that some new mineral
phases formed in the LSC. Observation of the microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicated that the body
of LSC was porous. 相似文献
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青藏高原路侧土壤重金属含量分布规律及影响因素研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
以青藏高原G214、S308和G109国(省)道的部分路段为研究对象,采集了这3个路段不同位置处距路侧不同距离的100个表层土壤样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了各样品中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量.同时,用非线性回归法拟合了Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb元素含量随距路侧距离变化的曲线,并用CHAID决策树分析法分析了影响路侧土壤Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb元素含量的主导因素.结果表明:3个研究路段路侧土壤重金属平均含量均超过土壤背景值,已产生一定的富集;Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb 4种重金属元素含量随距路侧距离的增加均呈指数型下降趋势;影响研究路段重金属含量的主导因素因不同的元素各异,影响Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量的主导因素分别为海拔、土壤类型、车流量和路侧距离. 相似文献
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Elisandra Hernández Jonathan Obrist-Farner Mark Brenner William F. Kenney Jason H. Curtis Edward Duarte 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):117-126
Sediments in Lake Izabal, Guatemala, contain substantial lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through time. We measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake deposits. High amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 CE. An up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments, but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the lake. Sediment cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake, and were measured to establish background metal levels, which would otherwise be unavailable. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni in older, pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of bedrock. Our results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of mining. These results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem. 相似文献
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Chiara Telloli Antonella Malaguti Mihaela Mirce Renzo Tassinari Carmela Vaccaro Massimo Berico 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(9):1903-1912
This study shows for the first time a chemical and morphological characterization of agricultural aerosols released during three important agricultural operations: threshing, plowing and sowing. The field campaigns were carried out in the eastern part of the Po Valley, Italy, in summer and autumn 2009. The aerosol particles were sampled on quartz fiber filters and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in order to allow Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) investigations, respectively. The organic carbon mass concentrations were measured with a Sunset Laboratory Dual-Optical Organic Carbone/Elemental Carbon (OCEC) Aerosol analyzer. The morphological and chemical analyses by SEM-EDS allowed recognizing four main particle classes: organic, silica, calcite and clay minerals. The organic particles contribute to both fine and coarse aerosol fractions up to ca. 50% for all three agricultural activities. This was also confirmed by OCEC analysis for fine fraction. Most of the agricultural aerosols, about 60%, were single particles and the remaining 40% were agglomerations of particles. The ICP-MS results showed that threshing and plowing produce more aerosol particles than sowing, which was characterized by important amounts of clay minerals produced from land soils. 相似文献
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为考察饮用贵阳市黔灵山泉水是否对人体有益,使用ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱)对泉水中锂、铍、硼、铝、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、砷、硒、锶、钼、银、镉、锑、铯、钡、铊、铅和铀26种元素的含量进行了分析,并取自来水和市售瓶装水进行对比。结果表明:黔灵山泉水中元素含量符合国家对饮用水的要求,但其所提供的人体所需微量元素的含量与自来水和瓶装水相比并无明显优势。由于泉水不属于常规水源未对其进行日常监管,如果将黔灵山泉水作为饮用水源无明显益处,并存在一定风险。 相似文献
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搭载国家自然科学基金委南海东北部共享航次(NORC2017-05),于2017年6月9日-8月11日在南海东北部采集气溶胶样品,使用淋溶装置得到气溶胶中微量元素(Al、Fe、Ti、Cr、V、Ba、Mn、Co、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn)的溶解态浓度和溶解动力学曲线,混酸消解后用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱测得其总浓度,并计算溶解度和干沉降通量.结果表明,夏季南海北部气溶胶中微量元素溶解态浓度、总浓度和干沉降通量均小于大多数陆架边缘海.微量元素溶解度相对较大,原因主要是气溶胶颗粒经过长距离输运后粒径较小,且经历的大气酸过程和云过程对元素溶解度影响显著.气溶胶中微量元素在Milli-Q水中25 min左右达到溶解平衡,后续以pH=2的HCl淋溶.酸淋溶过程中大部分微量金属的溶解度略有增加,约占水溶出量的30%~50%,而Pb在酸溶液中显著溶出,酸溶出量可达水溶出量的140%,表现出潜在的环境效应.夏季大气气溶胶输送的Fe占南海东北部混合层溶解态Fe的0.13%~6.00%,对浮游植物初级生产具有一定的支持功能. 相似文献
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包头白云鄂博矿区进行铁矿、稀土矿开采已近60a,稀土矿中伴生的232Th未利用而暴露于环境中,可能引起一定的环境风险,因此对该矿区周边表层土壤中w(232Th)及其分布特征进行采样监测.结果表明:土壤中w(232Th)为3.43~59.09mg/kg,平均值为12.79mg/kg,高于世界平均值(7.50mg/kg)和我国全国平均值(9.88mg/kg),说明包头白云鄂博矿区周边土壤中232Th的分布受到了矿物开采活动的影响;其主要来源是矿区东、西两侧的2个尾矿堆,矿区周边表层土壤中232Th的分布主要受风力作用和人为活动等因素的影响. 土壤剖面0~20cm区间w(232Th)平均值与五分法土壤表层中的w(232Th)接近,矿区南部(16号采样点)和北部(12号采样点)土壤中232Th的分布未受白云鄂博矿区的影响,其剖面上w(232Th)变化不明显,接近全国平均值;矿区东南部(17号采样点)底层土壤w(232Th)较低,表层土壤w(232Th)较高,并且在10.5~17.5cm区间出现w(232Th)剧增的趋势,w(232Th)由14.70mg/kg升至19.54mg/kg,表明土壤中232Th的分布明显受白云鄂博矿区的影响. 相似文献