稳定化技术在铅砷复合污染土壤修复中的应用

以铅砷复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁和氧化钙作为稳定剂,通过正交实验得出各因素对土壤中铅的稳定率影响程度的大小顺序为:氧化钙添加量>硫酸亚铁添加量=养护周期>两种稳定剂的交互作用.最佳实验条件为硫酸亚铁添加量2 g/kg,氧化钙添加量10 g/kg,养护时间2 d.添加硫酸亚铁后,土壤pH对砷的稳定化效果影响不大...     

萱草对重金属铅污染土壤的修复效果研究

当下,全世界都面临着一个严峻的土壤环境污染的难题——重金属污染。选取萱草作为研究对象,通过原子吸收分光光度法对植物修复前后土壤中铅的浓度进行测定,得出萱草对重金属铅的修复效率最大分别为79.63%和80.22%;通过计算萱草在不同浓度梯度下的重金属铅的富集和转运系数,发现金属铅在萱草体内的富集和转运规律一般情况下均为萱草根大于萱草叶。     

锑污染土壤固化-稳定化的影响因素

通过比较不同稳定剂、固化剂、土壤pH条件下土壤中重金属锑的修复效果,研究了锑的固化-稳定化影响因素并探讨了相关稳定化机理.实验结果表明:铁基稳定剂的效果明显优于磷酸二氢钾和腐殖酸钠,而零价铁的稳定化效果更优于硫酸铁和硫酸亚铁,较适宜的稳定剂投加量为5％(w);水泥做固化剂对锑的稳定化效果优于氧化钙,最佳投加量为5％(w...     

腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂的制备及其对Cd污染土壤的修复

对海泡石进行热改性,以腐殖酸和海泡石为原料,制备了腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂。采用BCR形态分析法研究了复合钝化剂对镉污染土壤的钝化效果。结果表明,制备复合钝化剂的最佳工艺条件为：腐殖酸与海泡石质量比2∶1,氢氧化钠质量浓度0.04 g/mL,热反应时间40 min,热反应温度80 ℃。复合钝化剂的最佳添加量为7%（w）,培养3 d后,钝化效率达46.87%,土壤pH升高至7.02,活稳比降低为0.65,土壤中镉的释放风险显著降低。复合钝化剂修复镉污染土壤时,会促使活性态镉向稳定态镉转化,使镉在土壤中的稳定性提高。     

石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术

介绍了石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的影响因素;概述了生物刺激、生物强化、固定化微生物、植物-微生物联合修复以及电动-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的技术原理,分析了现阶段土壤修复过程中面临的难题,预测了微生物修复技术的研究方向。指出优化微生物的环境条件、培育新型高效的基因工程菌和开发经济高效的新型修复技术等将是未来微生物修复技术的发展趋势。     

陕北某采油厂石油污染土壤的修复示范工程

调查了陕北某采油厂油井周边石油污染土壤的基本污染情况,采用铜绿假单胞菌-黑麦草联合修复技术对其进行了现场修复示范工程,取得了较好的现场修复效果.调查显示,该油井周边土壤的含油量最高为9020 mg/kg.90 d的修复周期结束后,土壤的含油量降至402 mg/kg,去油率高达95.5％,并且不同采样位置的土壤含油量检测...     

土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术研究进展

综述了植物修复、微生物修复和生物联合修复等土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术的降解机理、降解途径及降解影响因素的研究进展,探讨了氰化物生物修复技术的发展趋势和应用前景。指出基于提高修复时效和针对土壤复合污染类型的多技术融合研究、基于提高微生物耐受性和降解效率的菌株固定化及菌根真菌-植物联合技术研究以及基于工程化应用为导向的现场试验研究是未来研究的重点领域,为土壤氰化物污染的综合治理和修复提出了新思路。     

重金属污染土壤的修复技术研究进展及发展前景

目前,我国重金属污染呈现出长期积累和近期集中爆发、历史遗留问题和新出现问题相交织的特点,重金属污染在环境中存在多、形态多,整治重金属污染是一项长期、复杂、艰巨的任务.重金属污染物极难降解,尤其是存在于水和土壤中的重金属兼具富集性,是不可逆转的.重点阐述了重金属污染土壤的修复技术研究进展及发展前景.     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究

通过实验室选择性富集培养,从大庆石油污染土壤中获得了能以大庆原油为碳源快速生长的石油降解菌。采用该降解菌对原油污染土壤进行了原位生物联合修复实验。接入降解菌的处理单元分别种植大豆、碱草或加入蓬松剂,与空白试样作对比。各处理单元石油污染土壤中石油烃含量初始值为2228．25mg／kg（以1kg干土计）。经过135d的生物联合修复,石油烃降解率达63．65％-83．26％。     

模拟酸雨对土壤修复中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响

以磷酸二氢钾（PDP）钝化后的重金属污染土壤为研究对象,通过室内土柱淋溶和土壤吸水实验,考察pH为3.1、4.6和5.1的模拟酸雨对污染土壤修复过程中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响。实验结果表明：PDP处理显著增加了淋出液的pH、电导率、TOC和正磷酸盐态磷（ZP）含量,在淋溶初期显著降低了淋出液的Cu、Cd和Pb含量,但在淋溶后期增大了Pb含量;土壤持水量与电导率、pH、TOC和ZP含量呈现极显著负相关性;土壤修复过程中,有机质的淋失、盐分含量及pH的增大可引起土壤持水能力的减弱。     

Preliminary studies on potential remediation of acid mine drainage‐impacted soils by amendment with drinking‐water treatment residuals

Mining operations result in a wide range of environmental impacts: acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils being among the most common. Due to their acidic pH and high soluble metal concentrations, both AMD and acid sulfate soils can severely damage the local ecosystems. Proper post‐mining management practices are necessary to control AMD‐related environmental issues. Current AMD‐impacted soil treatment technologies are rather expensive and typically not environmentally sustainable. We conducted a 60‐day bench‐scale study to evaluate the potential of a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly technology in treating AMD‐impacted soils. The metal binding and acid‐neutralizing capacity of an industrial by‐product, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) were used for AMD remediation. Two types of locally generated WTRs, an aluminum‐based WTR (Al‐WTR) and a lime‐based WTR (Ca‐WTR) were used. Highly acidic AMD‐impacted soil containing very high concentrations of metals and metalloids, such as iron, nickel, and arsenic, was collected from the Tab‐Simco coal mine in Carbondale, Illinois. Soil amendment using a 1:1 Al‐ and Ca‐WTR mix, applied at 5 and 10 percent rates significantly lowered the soluble and exchangeable fractions of metals in the AMD‐impacted soil, thus lowering potential metal toxicity. Soil pH increased from an extremely acidic 2.69 to a near‐neutral 6.86 standard units over the 60‐day study period. Results from this preliminary study suggest the possibility of a successful scale‐up of this innovative, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable technology for remediating AMD‐impacted acid sulfate soils.     

Use of fungal technology in soil remediation: A Case Study

Two white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus and a PAH-degrading bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida were used as inoculum for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured-gas-plant-area. Also two cocultures comprising a fungus with Pseudomonas putida were applied. After 10-week treatment out of 12 different PAHs, concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene decreased up to 66%. The ecotoxicity of the soil after bioremediation did not reveal any effect on the survival of Daphnia magna, a crustacian. However, the toxic effect on seed germination of plant Brassica alba and oxidoreductase activity of bacterium Bacillus cereus decreased after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment.     

Study of the treatment effectiveness of a solidification/stabilization process for waste bearing heavy metals

The sludge from a steel processing unit bearing zinc, lead, iron, and manganese was solidified with ordinary Portland cement. The waste was stabilized in the specimens with a waste/binder ratio range of 0.16–4.0. On the basis of the available leaching and unconfined compressive strength, the performance of the solidified/stabilized waste was compared for different numbers of curing days. It was found that curing up to 28 days resulted in a performance improvement, as shown by less leaching of heavy metals and the increased unconfined compressive strength of the specimen. The treatment effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization process was assessed for the metals Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn, and was found to be 89%, 95%, 74%, and 90%, respectively, for an optimum ratio of 4.0 after 28 days of curing.     

大型磷铵工程磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥装置的三废治理及利用

介绍了大型磷铵工程磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥装置排出的废水，废气和废渣的利用及治理情况，并对生产过程的磷、硫和氟的转化及损失量进行了衡算。     

丛枝菌根真菌-植物修复矿区重金属污染土壤的研究进展

阐述了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)-植物对重金属污染土壤的修复机制,重点介绍了AMF-植物联合技术在金属矿区、煤矿区重金属污染土壤修复中的应用,并对今后该技术的发展和应用前景进行了展望。指出:加大AMF-植物联合修复技术的研究和实践,将会带来更好的经济效益和环境效益。