完善机制 强化管理 提高城市环境综合整治水平

“八五”以来,济南市以防治大气、水、噪声和工业固体废物污染为重点,积极开展城市环境综合整治。在经济以较快速度发展的情况下,环境污染得到一定程度的控制,城市环境质量有所改善,综合服务功能进一步增强。在实际工作中,我们的具体做法和主要体会是：一、建立和完善管理体制是搞好城市环境综合整治定量考核的关键城市环境综合整治是一项规模宏大的系统工程,需要全社会的共同努力、为切实加强对这项工作的领导,我市成立了市长任主任、分管副市长任副主任及政府各部门主要负责同志组成的济南市环境保护委员会·综合协调各方面的工作…     

抓重点办实事开展城市环境综合整治

“七·五”期间,我市从实际出发,抓重点,办实事,积极开展城市环境综合整治,取得了明显成效。在经济迅速发展和人口增长的情况下,环境污染没有发展,基本控制在“六五”的水平上。城区大气环境质量除氮氧化物含量略有增加外,二氧化硫、总悬浮微粒、漂尘的含量明显减少;湘江衡阳段水域中汞、铅、镉、砷等重金属     

中国环境管理中的公众参与

中国．的普通公民越来越关注其生存环境的质量，越来越多的城乡居民热心于环境保护，并积极参与环境管理，本文简要论述我国公众参与环境管理的途径。一、公众参与环境管理是一项宪法权利我国公众参与环境管理的权利是有法律保障的，《中华人民共和国宪法》宣布：“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。……人民依照法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事务，管理社会事务。”这一规定赋予了人民参与环境保护和管理的宪法权利，1989年的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》也规定，一切公民都有权监督和检举违反环保法的行…     

论环境管理的公众参与和舆论监督

我国的环境管理，在积累了丰富的经验，取得巨大成绩的同时，也存在不少薄弱的环节，环境管理乏力，环境保护有法不依、执法不严，在建设项目的环境管理上．“先上车，后补票”，甚至“上了车，不补票”，“三同时”不落实等种种情况时有发生。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的，诸如人们的环境意识淡薄，特别是有的领导急功近利，甚至不惜以牺牲环境为代价来换取短期的经济快速发展，还有环境保护执法的体制障碍等等。此外，笔者通过对环境管理好的单位和地区、环境管理困难、环境违法行为充斥于环保领域这样正、反两方面实例的对比分析，认为…     

永安市城市环境综合整治的作法与思考

介绍了永安市10多年来城市环境综合整治定量考核工作的主要作法，对“十五”期间继续深入开展城考工作提出建议。     

城市环境综合整治定量考核制度实施现状

本文介绍了我国实施城市环境综合整治定量考核制度的现状,概述了此项管理制度在城市环境综合整治中的作用,同时对现有考核的指标体系进行了剖析,并指出了城市环境综合整治定量考核在新形势下所面临的机遇。     

城市环境综合整治系统工程研究方法

本文提出了城市环境综合整治系统工程研究方法的总体框架,并对研究中使用的模型方法做了分类讨论。     

建立和完善公众参与环境与发展综合决策机制的探讨

建立环境与发展综合决策的公众参与制度对实施可持续发展战略,实行政治民主具有重要的意义。公众参与环境与发展综合决策具有政策和法律依据,要采取切实有效的措施保障公众在环境与发展决策中的参与权。     

城市流域综合整治及环境经济损益分析

随着社会的进步和经济的发展，随之带来的城市污染也日益严重，进行城市流域科学、合理的规划和综合整治，具有十分重要的意义。本文以重庆市清水溪流域为例，在分析流域现状的基础上，结合重庆市总体规划，提出了城市流域综合整治的措施：沿岸两例污水管网建设、两岸垃圾整治、河道清淤及防洪、两岸绿化带及景点建设、水土保持、水源地涵养区规划与建设等。并从生态、社会和经济方面进行分析，对产生的环境效益进行评价：整治工程建成后清水溪流域接纳的污染物CODcr将削减857lt／a、总磷削减160t/a、SS削减6156t／a；流域生态环境大大改善；同时将带来巨大的直接经济效益；整治工程是为民造福的民心工程。     

公众参与环境管理的理论与实践创新

建设项目环境管理公示制度、环境违法行为有浆举报制度和工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度，是目前我国公众参与环境管理制度的实践创新，这些制度的实施对维护公民的合法环境权益，完善环境管理制度，促进我国环境事业的发展具有重要意义。     

美国在环境议题上的分歧及对中国的启示

美国曾经在环境保护和治理污染上做出了卓越的成绩,但是如今环境议题成为撕裂美国的重要议题。美国的共和党和民主党在环境议题上互相牵制,难以达成共识。最近,美国特朗普总统宣布退出应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》就是这种分歧的表现。但当美国1970年代开始环境立法治理污染的时候,美国社会上下和两大党之间高度一致。在此后,因为环境思想上的差异和代际转变,政党斗争、选举体制、利益集团等多方面原因,美国不同政治势力在环境议题上越发分裂。美国在环境议题上的分歧对中国如今解决环境问题有重要的启示意义:首先,现在我国社会上下一致应对环境问题的广泛共识很宝贵,应该抓住难得的机遇期,为未来环境治理积极立法,留下宝贵法治遗产。另一方面,随着人们在环境议题上的利益变得多元,中国应该在环境治理上整合各方面利益,防止中国未来的环保事业被利益集团绑架。最后,中国应该明确环境议题的概念远远大于治理污染,为未来环境事业扩展空间。     

我国环境管理模式的转变

本文通过对我国的环境管理发展历程分析后认为,我国的环境管理模式已由过去单一的管理模式转变为强化执法监督、加大投入、注重技术相互结合的综合型管理模式,在继续强化执法监督的同时,不断提高环保投入的比例和不断增加科技含量,是环境管理发展的趋势。     

区域海岸带环境资源综合管理的理论与实践

海岸带环境资源综合管理,是对海岸带资源可持续开发利用模式下的现代综合管理。本文在对区域海岸带环境资源综合管理的内涵及管理目标进行分析的基础上,以秦皇岛海岸带环境资源实施综合管理为例,提出了区域海岸带环境资源综合管理的评价过程及模式。     

Definition of Homogeneous Environmental Management Units for the Catalan Coast

Geographical areas constitute the basic implementation locus for integrated coastal zone management strategies and activities. Because the definition of territorial planning objectives may be affected by socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, one of the main steps in the process involves dividing the coast into homogeneous environmental management units (HEMUs). This article presents a general and simple method for regionalizing the landside of a coastal zone into HEMUs and illustrates it through application to the Catalan coast. Socioeconomic and natural (biophysical) subsystems were selected as the most appropriate dimensions of the regionalization process. Dimensions were described using 11 spatial themes, which were managed in a geographic information system environment that proved to be an adequate tool for the purpose. A final coastal zone map of four classes of HEMUs connected to local administrative units was obtained, and because it reflects the current natural and socioeconomic dynamics, it can be considered as an initial step in the planning process for the Catalan coast. Although the proposed method was developed based on the characteristics of the Catalan coast, it is general enough to be adapted and applied to most developed or developing coastal areas.     

论城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制

本文分别从市场准入、价格、服务质量以及风险等方面，对城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制进行了具体分析。     

决策支持系统应用于城市环境管理

南宁市环境决策支持系统集环境管理办公自动化、环境管理系统(MIS)、环境地理信息系统(GIS)、多媒体环境管理信息应用和环境管理信息辅助决策等多功能一体集成的综合性环境信息系统，为南宁市环境管理、经济发展决策提供环境信息支撑与服务。     

Urban Environmental Management in Botswana: Toward a Theoretical Explanation ofPublic Policy Failure

For the last three and half decades, Botswana has been widely acclaimed to be one of sub-Saharan Africa's longest and most stable liberal democracies, coupled with and sustained by a growing economy. One of the major contradictions, however, within this development scenario, has been the neglect of environmental problems in the country in general, and urban environmental issues in particular. Part of the problem fueling the misconception of environmental issues in Botswana is the state's domination of the country's environmental agenda. This is linked to the power disjunction in decision-making and policy processes between state and nonstate actors over the most appropriate course of action to tackle the problems. Without adopting appropriate analytical frameworks, it is possible that the problem of urban environmental mismanagement in Botswana will persist. This article examines some of the major urban environmental issues in Botswana from neighborhood, citywide, and urban–rural interface perspectives. Further, the elite theory of public policy is used to explain constraints on policy change in the urban environmental management arena in Botswana.     

Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Urban Parks in Mediterranean Cities: An Example from the Barcelona Metropolitan Region

In a context of increasing urban sprawl and water scarcity common to other Mediterranean cities, this article focuses on the urban parks in the Region of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) to examine how these parks are distributed in this region and to assess whether their design and management follow criteria adapted to Mediterranean environmental conditions, especially in what concerns water use. In order to evaluate the environmental performance of these parks, we selected four factors possibly influencing the adoption of park management practices at the local scale: urban density, population size of the municipality, municipal income per capita, and political orientation of the city council. After determining the location and area of urban parks in the region, we correlated these four explanatory factors with several management tasks extracted from two different samples of parks (one of 315 parks and another of 125 parks) and a survey of 86 city councils. Results show that, in general, urban parks were more frequent in large, dense, and left/green municipalities but that environmentally sound practices were more common in small and low-density municipalities. We conclude that changes in certain practices (especially the substitution of high water demanding species) could improve significantly the environmental performance of public spaces in large urban areas with Mediterranean climates. Our observations may be pertinent for other cities interested in the provision of environmental public goods such as parks that necessitate water for irrigation.     

An Integrated Framework for Public Sector Environmental Management in Developing Countries

/ Achieving successful and well-integrated environmental management depends on principled and orderly assignment of responsibilities within and between public sector organizations. Guidelines for making these assignments can be found by considering different modes of public response in light of a framework based on some distinguishable patterns in the complexity they exhibit. The basic dimensions of environmental problems can be used to identify these patterns. Two examples from current environmental problems in Taiwan are given, illustrating how this framework can be put to use.     

Structuring cooperative behavior under the National Environmental Policy Act of the United States

A trend is presently under way to streamline the compliance requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of the United States through cooperative assessment procedures. Since the law was enacted in 1970, however, participants in the assessment process have tended to settle disagreements by adversarial rather than cooperative means. This study focuses on a highly acclaimed environmental assessment procedure undertaken by the U.S. Steel Corporation for its proposed $4.0 billion Lakefront Steel Plant. Survey research data were gathered to measure the underlying management philosophy perceived by interorganizational representatives, who attended a series of Technical Team meetings designed to coordinate the assessment effort and to open communication channels. A social psychological scale of behavioral dimensions was adapted from Likert to define the composition and the extent of cooperation at these meetings. A newly constructed scale was used to measure the quantity and quality of representation by each of the major organizations involved. Informal interviews were conducted with project participants to obtain further insight into member interaction. Results indicate that democratic problem solving was in evidence but also suggest a preference by respondents for improved procedures. The paper outlines areas of concern voiced by respondents and offers the means for improving the operating procedures of similar interorganizational environmental assessments.