西湖与青山水库底栖动物群落的研究

通过对杭州市的两个主要水体西湖和青山水库的底栖动物群落包括种类组成、优势种群、生物量等的比较研究。西湖和青山水库底栖动物群落主要由寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫组成 ,存在适应低溶氧、耐有机污染的种群。从底栖动物群落生态学角度评价了西湖和青山水库水体的营养化程度。     

流溪河大型底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素

为了探究流溪河大型底栖动物的群落结构特征和关键影响因素,于2016年4月(平水期)、7月(丰水期)和11月(枯水期)对流溪河的14个采样断面进行了生态调查,共鉴定出133种大型底栖动物,隶属于55科127属。大型底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为213 ind./m²和20. 02 g/m²,寡毛类和水生昆虫的密度占优势,软体动物的生物量占优势。此外,结果表明流溪河大型底栖动物群落结构具有明显的时空变化。在空间方面,从上游至下游大型底栖动物种类数呈现逐渐减少的趋势,并且支流的大型底栖动物种类数高于干流;从上游至下游大型底栖动物密度和生物量变化无规律,支流大型底栖动物的密度明显高于干流,而生物量却明显低于干流;上游的大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数均高于下游,支流的大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数均高于干流,而Pielou均匀度指数是支流低于干流。在时间方面,平水期至枯水期大型底栖动物种类数呈现逐渐增加的趋势;密度分布为平水期>枯水期>丰水期,生...     

江苏地表水体大型底栖无脊椎动物生物多样性状况研究

大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与水体水质和水生态系统健康状况关系密切,其受外界干扰后群落结构的变化趋势可以反映水体受污染的性质和程度。2008年,对江苏省主要饮用水源地,长江、京杭大运河等主要河流及太湖等重点湖泊开展底栖动物调查与评价研究,共设置调查点位154个。江苏主要饮用水源地底栖动物的物种数量为78种,主要河流发现底栖动物96种,主要湖泊底栖动物发现65种。从物种多样性指数评价结果看,主要湖泊的底栖生物多样性状况优于地表水源地和主要河流,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计达58%;主要河流的评价结果最差,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计仅达30.7%,存在11.3%物种多样性极贫乏的点位,且大部分水体底栖动物组成以耐污种为主,优势种为极耐污的霍甫水丝蚓,水质状况劣于饮用水源地和主要湖泊。     

秦淮河上游水体大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及水质生物评价

2009年4月用D形网半定量采样法调查秦淮河上游25个点位的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性,共获得63个大型底栖无脊椎动物分类单元;其中,水生昆虫5目12科30属,软体动物9科11属19种,寡毛纲2科7属9种。结果表明,生物指数(Biotic Index,BI)比Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的评价结果更接近实际情况,BI与ρ(TN)(r=0.44,p0.05)和ρ(NH3-N)(r=0.40,p0.05)之间显著相关,Shannon-Wiene多样性指数与ρ(TN)(r=-0.19,p0.05)和ρ(NH3-N)(r=0.44,p0.05)无显著性相关。生物评价表明秦淮河上游水质受到严重污染,句容地区的水质要优于南京。     

高宝湖区4个湖泊浮游植物和底栖动物群落特征和生物评价

于2018年12月—2019年8月对高宝湖区4个湖泊的浮游植物及大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性进行了调查。结果表明，各湖泊浮游植物和大型底栖动物的密度、生物量、优势种及多样性存在显著的时空差异（P<0.05），浮游植物和底栖动物的密度和生物量均表现为丰水期最大，2类水生生物的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon Wiener多样性指数变化趋势一致。浮游植物种群组成上主要以绿藻门为主，丰水期高邮湖和白马湖的藻密度已达到轻度水华的级别，且各湖泊浮游植物优势种主要为蓝藻门易引起水华的藻类，各湖泊浮游植物物种多样性评价等级为“一般”至“较丰富”；底栖动物群落主要由摇蚊科幼虫、双壳类和软甲类动物构成，优势种主要为摇蚊科幼虫和寡毛类动物，物种多样性评价等级为“贫乏”至“一般”。各湖泊浮游植物藻密度增加，底栖动物敏感物种减少。水质的生物评价结果为4个湖泊均受到不同程度的污染，表明湖泊受到的环境压力增大，水生生物群落结构发生变化，多样性降低。     

“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物多样性调查及趋势分析

基于2015—2020年洪泽湖底栖动物监测数据,利用生物多样性指数模型方法对洪泽湖底栖动物的种类组成及多样性进行分析,并对水质污染状况进行评价,结合广义线性模型方法对洪泽湖生态变化趋势进行预测。结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物种类数总体呈上升趋势,生物多样性有所改善,底栖动物优势种均为河蚬。Goodnight-whitely修正指数(GBI)、生物学污染指数(BPI)、生物指数(BI)以及生物耐污敏感性指标指数(BMWP)4种污染状况评价指数对洪泽湖水质评价结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖生态系统状况基本平稳,水质污染状况介于清洁至轻污染之间,龙集镇北的水质状况应引起重视。模型预测结果显示,“十四五”末洪泽湖生物多样性无明显变化,水质持续保持稳定。研究结论可为水生生物多样性保护提供科学依据。     

运河徐州段底栖动物与水质的关系

四个国控断面所采底栖动物其优势种类主要是颤蚓类、摇蚊类、螺类、蚌类和甲壳类.与水质关系是:耐重污染种类为颤蚓类,摇蚊幼虫;耐中污染种类为螺类、贝类和水蛭;耐轻污染种类为虾类.评价时采用库德奈特和惠特利的污染生物指数=(颤蚓类数量/全部底     

华北稳定塘底栖大型无脊椎动物与污水处理效能关系的研究

本文以华北稳定塘的七个子塘为对象,采用底泥法和人工基质法对底栖大型无脊椎动物与污水处理效能关系进行研究。发现厌氧塘和兼性塘内不存在底栖大型无脊椎动物,从好氧塘1到强化塘出现了以摇蚊幼虫为主的底栖大型无脊椎动物,其数量随着污水不断净化而不断增加。底栖大型无脊椎动物种群、数量变化较好地反映了水质变化     

松花江下游底栖动物组成及其环境指示作用

2005—2010年对松花江佳木斯江段3个断面进行大型底栖动物生态调查,共发现大型底栖动物51种,其中水生昆虫33种,软体动物9种,甲壳动物3种,环节动物6种。3个断面均以水生昆虫的种类数为最多,其次为软体动物,两者在各断面的年度监测中均能被观测到,且出现频率较高;环节动物与甲壳动物的种类数较少,且出现频率较低。底栖动物群落特征和水质生物学评价显示,佳木斯江段水质虽呈波动状态,但整体呈不断改善趋势,主要与溶解氧、氨氮以及总磷等指标的不断改善相关。     

连云港主要河流大型底栖无脊椎动物水质生物评价

于2008年5月采用D形网半定量采样法调查了连云港市5条河流7个点位的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性,共获得67个大型底栖无脊椎动物分类单元;其中,昆虫纲双翅目18属、蜻蜓目11属;软体动物24种;环节动物4科4属5种。应用典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果将7个样点分成高TN低DO、高电导率和低TN以及高DO和低电导率3组。Shannon-W iener多样性指数、生物指数和COD水质评价结果表明,多样性指数与生物指数和COD评价结果有较大差异,生物指数和COD评价结果较相似。综合评价结果为青口河的水质属于清洁;蔷薇河、淮沭新河、鲁兰河和新沭河属于轻污至中污。生物指数与TN极显著正相关(r=0.913,p=0.004),多样性指数与TN无相关性(r=0.257,p=0.578)。     

Trends in benthic macroinvertebrate community biomass and energy budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928–2004

Water levels of Lake Sevan (Armenia) were artificially lowered by nearly 20?m between 1949 and 1997. Lowered water levels, combined with increased eutrophication, were associated with seasonally anoxic conditions (lasting 1-4?months) near the bottom of the profundal zone each year during 1976-2004. In addition, the extents of the macrophyte zone and of certain substrate types were severely reduced following drawdown. Maximal depth of occurrence decreased by 2-44?m for at least for 50 species of benthic macroinvertebrates between 1982 and 2004 compared to 1937-1961. Species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates declined from 25 to three species at depths where seasonal anoxia occurred. Total biomass increased by a factor of 10 from the period 1928-1948 to 1976-1979 then declined by a factor of 3 to 4 between 1987 and 2004. Energy flow through detritivores was more than tripled during 1976-2004 compared to 1928-1971, a result of increased plankton primary production. In contrast, energy flow through herbivorous benthic macroinvertebrates decreased by a factor of nearly 5, due to reduced areal coverage of macrophytes. Energy flow through filter feeders did not change over the time period examined, but energy flow through the entire zoobenthos community was nearly tripled. The biomasses of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total zoobenthos showed a delayed response to changes in primary production of 7-9, 2, and 2-4?years, respectively. These patterns may provide a basis to predict results of restoration efforts based on the abundance of the zoobenthos in future years as the level of the lake is restored and water quality improves.     

基于水生生物的湖泊营养类型评价

对乌梁素海的水生生物进行了评价分析。结果表明:乌梁素海浮游动物共有4大类62种,平均生物量为3.75 mg/L,底栖动物11种,隶属3门3纲4科。底栖动物平均生物量为71.7 g/m2,属于富营养类型。     

松花江底栖动物分布规律及与理化评价差异研究

2012—2015年对松花江干流11个断面21个点位进行底栖动物群落监测,在7种单一指数评价的基础上运用简单的叠加法进行综合评价,并与常规理化监测与评价进行了比较。结果显示,与2012年相比,2013年松花江干流底栖动物物种较丰富,各点位评价结果有所提升;2015年摆渡镇-同江段多为清洁等级,水环境生态质量稳中趋好,下游改善明显。结果显示,生物学评价与理化评价存在明显的差异,在水质改善的过程中生物学评价更灵敏、更显著。     

Water quantity and quality optimization modeling of dams operation based on SWAT in Wenyu River Catchment, China

Water quantity and quality joint operation is a new mode in the present dams?? operation research. It has become a hot topic in governmental efforts toward integrated basin improvement. This paper coupled a water quantity and quality joint operation model (QCmode) and genetic algorithm with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Together, these tools were used to explore a reasonable operation of dams and floodgates at the basin scale. Wenyu River Catchment, a key area in Beijing, was selected as the case study. Results showed that the coupled water quantity and quality model of Wenyu River Catchment more realistically simulates the process of water quantity and quality control by dams and floodgates. This integrated model provides the foundation for research of water quantity and quality optimization on dam operation in Wenyu River Catchment. The results of this modeling also suggest that current water quality of Wenyu River will improve following the implementation of the optimized operation of the main dams and floodgates. By pollution control and water quantity and quality joint operation of dams and floodgates, water quality of Wenyu river will change significantly, and the available water resources will increase by 134%, 32%, 17%, and 82% at the downstream sites of Sha River Reservoir, Lutong Floodgate, Xinpu Floodgate, and Weigou Floodgate, respectively. The water quantity and quality joint operation of dams will play an active role in improving water quality and water use efficiency in Wenyu River Basin. The research will provide the technical support for water pollution control and ecological restoration in Wenyu River Catchment and could be applied to other basins with large number of dams. Its application to the Wenyu River Catchment has a great significance for the sustainable economic development of Beijing City.     

Sampling Benthic Macroinvertebrates in a Large Flood-Plain River: Considerations of Study Design, Sample Size, and Cost

Estimation of benthic macroinvertebrate populations over large spatial scales is difficult due to the high variability in abundance and the cost of sample processing and taxonomic analysis. To determine a cost-effective, statistically powerful sample design, we conducted an exploratory study of the spatial variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in a 37 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River. We sampled benthos at 36 sites within each of two strata, contiguous backwater and channel border. Three standard ponar (525 cm²) grab samples were obtained at each site ('Original Design'). Analysis of variance and sampling cost of strata-wide estimates for abundance of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total invertebrates showed that only one ponar sample per site ('Reduced Design') yielded essentially the same abundance estimates as the Original Design, while reducing the overall cost by 63%. A posteriori statistical power analysis ( = 0.05, = 0.20) on the Reduced Design estimated that at least 18 sites per stratum were needed to detect differences in mean abundance between contiguous backwater and channel border areas for Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total invertebrates. Statistical power was nearly identical for the three taxonomic groups. The abundances of several taxa of concern (e.g., Hexagenia mayflies and Musculium fingernail clams) were too spatially variable to estimate power with our method. Resampling simulations indicated that to achieve adequate sampling precision for Oligochaeta, at least 36 sample sites per stratum would be required, whereas a sampling precision of 0.2 would not be attained with any sample size for Hexagenia in channel border areas, or Chironomidae and Musculium in both strata given the variance structure of the original samples. Community-wide diversity indices (Brillouin and 1-Simpsons) increased as sample area per site increased. The backwater area had higher diversity than the channel border area. The number of sampling sites required to sample benthic macroinvertebrates during our sampling period depended on the study objective and ranged from 18 to more than 40 sites per stratum. No single sampling regime would efficiently and adequately sample all components of the macroinvertebrate community.     

Spatiotemporal variation of macroinvertebrates in relation to canopy cover and other environmental factors in Eriora River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Canopy cover is well known to influence the distribution of macroinvertebrates in temperate streams. Very little is known about how this factor influences stream communities in Afrotropical streams. The effects and possible interactions of environmental factors and canopy cover on macroinvertebrate community structure (abundance, richness, and diversity) were examined in four stations in Eriora River, southern Nigeria bimonthly from May to November 2010. The river supported diverse macroinvertebrates in which the upstream sampling stations with dense canopy cover were dominated by Decapoda, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Gastropoda, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera while Diptera and Coleoptera were the benthic organisms found predominant at downstream stations with less canopy cover. Some caddisfly species such as Agapetus agilis, Trichosetodes species and the stonefly Neoperla species were present upstream and were found to be potential bioindicators for a clean ecosystem. The blood worm Chironomus species and Tabanus sp. were abundant at the downstream of the river and are considered potential bioindicators for an organically degrading ecosystem. Some environmental factors varied temporally with significantly higher macroinvertebrate abundance and richness in May. We found out that canopy cover and environmental factors affected macroinvertebrates abundance, diversity, and richness and that the individual taxon had varying responses to these factors. These results help identify the mechanisms underlying the effects of canopy cover and other environmental factors on Afrotropical stream invertebrate communities.     

Tolerance values of benthic macroinvertebrates for stream biomonitoring: assessment of assumptions underlying scoring systems worldwide

Tolerance values (TVs) based on benthic macroinvertebrates are one of the most widely used tools for monitoring the biological impacts of water pollution, particularly in streams and rivers. We compiled TVs of benthic macroinvertebrates from 29 regions around the world to test 11 basic assumptions about pollution tolerance, that: (1) Arthropoda are < tolerant than non-Arthropoda; (2) Insecta < non-Insecta; (3) non-Oligochaeta < Oligochaeta; (4) other macroinvertebrates < Oligochaeta + Chironomidae; (5) other macroinvertebrate taxa < Isopoda + Gastropoda + Hirudinea; (6) Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera (EPT) < Odonata + Coleoptera + Heteroptera (OCH); (7) EPT < non-EPT insects; (8) Diptera < Insecta; (9) Bivalvia < Gastropoda; (10) Baetidae < other Ephemeroptera; and (11) Hydropsychidae < other Trichoptera. We found that the first eight of these 11 assumptions were supported despite regional variability. In addition, we examined the effect of Best Professional Judgment (BPJ) and non-independence of TVs among countries by performing all analyses using subsets of the original dataset. These subsets included a group based on those systems using TVs that were derived from techniques other than BPJ, and groups based on methods used for TV assignment. The results obtained from these subsets and the entire dataset are similar. We also made seven a priori hypotheses about the regional similarity of TVs based on geography. Only one of these was supported. Development of TVs and the reporting of how they are assigned need to be more rigorous and be better described.