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危险废物焚烧污染控制标准及技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
焚烧作为危险废物安全处置的重要手段之一,二次污染的防治问题不容忽视,现行的国家标准已不能满足危险废物焚烧的污染控制要求。本文对国内外相关的危险废物焚烧排放控制标准进行对比研究,并对危险废物焚烧烟气污染控制最佳实用技术进行分析,为焚烧污染防治和地方标准的制定提供参考。 相似文献
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刘辉 《环境与可持续发展》2015,(4)
本文对新修订的《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2014)与《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2001)及欧盟标准进行比较,从焚烧烟气排放标准、运行控制过程要求、渗滤液处理及排放要求等方面进行了分析,以此说明新标准的进步。 相似文献
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采用室内模拟实验研究了稻草焚烧时15 种PAHs 排放因子,并对江苏省2000~2005 年来源于稻草焚烧产生的PAHs 排放量进行了估算.结果表明,稻草焚烧烟气中各PAH 的排放因子为11.5~1782.3µg/kg,其中苊(Ace)最大,其次为萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)和芴(Flu),以低分子量PAHs为主;灰烬中PAHs 排放因子也以低分子量PAHs 为主,但排放总量仅为烟气中的3.2%.根据烟气中排放因子计算,江苏省因稻草焚烧排放的PAHs 总量年平均为39.2t 左右,超过工业用煤和交通燃油等排放总和. 相似文献
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随着我国全面禁止固体废物入境,如何从传统的进口废铜废铝中甄别高品质再生铜再生铝原料,是精准打击固体废物入境、确保行业急需高品质原料进口的关键.选取典型进口废铜废铝初级加工原料样品,采用高温管式炉模拟不同原料类型、熔炼温度、夹杂物和熔炼剂等因素对于熔炼过程烟气中重金属产生特性的影响.结果表明:①当进口铜加工材原料熔炼温度从900℃升至1 300℃时,烟气中Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb浓度随温度升高而增加,且进口铜加工材原料熔炼过程烟气中整体上重金属的产生量比铜米、漆包线多,当夹杂物含量从0增至1.0%时烟气中重金属浓度呈增长趋势,熔炼入炉的进口铜加工材原料的夹杂物含量控制在0.5%以内,可有效减少烟气中Pb和Zn等重金属的产生.②当进口汽车铝切片原料熔炼温度从500℃升至900℃时,烟气中Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cu浓度均随温度升高而增加,熔炼剂中添加C2Cl6比添加NaCl、KCl和NH4Cl等更利于重金属的产生,夹杂物含量从0增至1.0%时,烟气中Cr、Ni、Pb浓度均不断增加,Zn和Cu浓度则逐渐减少.研究结果为我国制定高品质再生铜再生铝原料标准、精准打击固体废物入境提供了数据支持. 相似文献
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As incineration provides a relatively safe means of disposal, significant reduclaon ot welglat anti volume, ana energy recovery from the waste, it was adopted by many countries. For the experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste( MSW),a lab scale fluldized bed facility was constructed. Many kinds of combustion runs were conducted in this fluidized bed combustion facility. The examined parameters were bed temperature(773 to 1143K), form of fuels ( scrap or whole), moisture of fuels and so on. Concentration of CO2,CO,SO2, O2 and NOx in the flue gas were monitored and recorded every 5 seconds. The temperatttres along the reactor are recorded every 10 seconds. Experimental. results were given and analyzed. 相似文献
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垃圾在流化床中燃烧的特性 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
在一台特别设计的小型流化床燃烧实验台上对垃圾可燃物代表组分进行实验研究 .结果表明 ,干燥的垃圾在床温仅为 50 0℃就能在很短的时间内迅速燃烧 ,产生明亮的火焰 .在本实验条件下 ,床温没有因为实验组分的加入而下降 ,而是随着垃圾的迅速燃烧而急剧升温 ,床温提高 30~ 70℃不等 .垃圾在流化床中燃烧受多种因素的影响 ,并讨论了当物料形状 (整或碎 )、含水量、实验风量 (从 5.5m3/h到 7.5m3/h)等因素变化后对于燃烧气体成分及炉内温度的影响 .在本实验条件下 ,当物料剪碎后会引起炉内温度水平明显提高 ,并使得CO排放量略有下降 .物料含水量增加时会导致炉内温度水平明显下降 .实验风量提高时 ,CO排放量明显减少 . 相似文献
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为探究燃煤锅炉烟气循环方式下飞灰汞的吸附特性,利用固定床汞吸附装置,对立式煤粉沉降炉不同模拟烟气循环工况条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附特性进行了研究,重点考察了烟气循环比例、煤种、关键燃烧气体组分等因素的影响.结果表明:①烟气循环工况条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附能力明显优于非烟气循环工况(空气燃烧)条件下形成的飞灰,并且随烟气循环比例的增加,飞灰汞吸附量呈逐渐增加趋势.褐煤在净烟气循环比例为60%、40%、20%的条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附量分别是非烟气循环条件下的3.0、2.3和1.6倍.②烟气循环引起燃烧气体氛围中ρ(SO2)与ρ(NO)的变化会影响飞灰的物化特性及其汞吸附性能.随燃烧氛围中ρ(SO2)的提高,飞灰汞吸附量先增后减.烟气循环比例为40%且燃烧气体氛围中ρ(NO)为803 mg/m3条件下,ρ(SO2)为2 857 mg/m3时褐煤与烟煤燃烧形成的飞灰汞吸附量较高(分别为0.45和0.75 μg/g),分别较ρ(SO2)为1 428和4 286 mg/m3时提高了25%~300%和53%~78%.随燃烧氛围中ρ(NO)的提高,飞灰汞吸附量呈逐渐增加趋势.烟气循环比例为40%且燃烧气体氛围中ρ(SO2)为2 857 mg/m3条件下,ρ(NO)为1 205 mg/m3时褐煤和烟煤燃烧形成的飞灰汞吸附量较高,分别较ρ(NO)为803和402 mg/m3时提高了1.2~3.6和1.1~1.6倍.③飞灰中UBC(未燃尽碳)、CaO、MgO及Fe2O3可促进飞灰对汞的吸附.与褐煤飞灰相比,烟煤飞灰表现出更优的汞吸附性能,与UBC、CaO、MgO及Fe2O3在飞灰中的含量存在一定的正相关性.研究显示,烟气循环方式下飞灰汞吸附特性发生明显变化,煤质的合理选择、烟气循环比例、循环气体成分及浓度参数的优化控制可显著改善燃煤锅炉烟气中汞的排放控制效果. 相似文献
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烧结过程中解耦燃烧与烟气返回共脱硝新工艺Ⅱ:模拟燃烧带的脱硝机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过模拟烧结过程中焦炭的分布,研究了返回烟气、热解气主要组分与焦炭耦合燃烧降低NO,排放的规律.结果表明,热解气主要组分与焦炭耦合燃烧可使NO,排放降低10%左右,烟气返回到焦炭燃烧过程可使Nox的排放降低15%.耦合燃烧和烟气返回结合可使Nox的排放降低20%以上,在新工艺过程中,焦炭层厚度由150mm增大到300mm时,Nox排放的降低率由23%增大到40%.烧结过程解耦耦合燃烧与烟气返回脱硝工艺可有效减少Nox的排放. 相似文献
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选取我国4家电厂的6台煤粉锅炉进行现场测试,采集并分析烟气以及飞灰、底渣、脱硫石膏等燃煤副产物样品,以开展燃煤电厂Cl污染物排放特征的研究. 结果表明:燃煤中96.99%以上的Cl析出进入烟气,原烟气中ρ(Cl)范围为10.17~33.63mg/m3.除尘器和石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置对烟气中的Cl具有协同脱除作用,尤其是石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置. 除尘器对烟气中Cl脱除效率为12.29%~19.86%,石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置对烟气中Cl的平均脱除效率为95.22%. 经过燃烧和烟气污染控制装置后,燃煤中0.35%~3.01%的Cl转移到底渣中,6.46%~15.00%的Cl转移到飞灰中,68.88%~77.31%通过脱硫废水排放,9.19%~15.95%的Cl转移到脱硫石膏中;只有2.21%~5.54%的Cl排入大气中,净烟气ρ(Cl)仅为0.34~1.38mg/m3. 目前我国燃煤电厂Cl污染的主要问题是妥善处理脱硫石膏和废水,以防止Cl的二次污染. 相似文献
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为探究含氯脱硫废水溶液添加对煤燃烧时汞析出特性的影响,分别利用沉降炉和管式炉实验装置进行了3种煤在1200℃下的燃烧实验。实验时通过改变模拟脱硫废水溶液的添加量来控制燃煤中氯的质量分数分别为0.00%、0.02%、0.04%和0.06%。分析煤燃烧后烟气中汞浓度、吸收液、飞灰和煤灰中汞含量的变化情况发现:随着加氯量的增加,烟气中Hg0浓度逐渐降低,Hg2+浓度则逐渐升高,但对Hgt(气态总汞)浓度的提升效果相对较差。当加氯量为0.06%时,煤种B在沉降炉中燃烧后烟气中Hg0浓度下降约2.3 μg/m3,而Hg2+浓度提高约2.6 μg/m3,但Hgt浓度仅提高了0.3 μg/m3。氯的添加也会使飞灰中汞含量增加,煤灰中汞含量降低。通过综合对比分析沉降炉和管式炉实验结果发现:无论是否添加氯,煤在沉降炉中燃烧后烟气中Hg0比例均小于管式炉实验结果。当煤种B加氯量为0.06%时,在沉降炉和管式炉中燃烧后烟气中Hg0含量占比分别为50.6%和67.8%。此外,还发现3种煤粉在管式炉中加氯燃烧后汞的析出率提高趋势均较沉降炉明显。故含氯脱硫废水溶液的添加可以改变煤燃烧时汞的析出特性,且有利于促进烟气中Hg0的氧化,对燃煤烟气脱汞具有重要作用。 相似文献
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The oxycoal process with cryogenic oxygen supply 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Due to its large reserves, coal is expected to continue to play an important role in the future. However, specific and absolute
CO2 emissions are among the highest when burning coal for power generation. Therefore, the capture of CO2 from power plants may contribute significantly in reducing global CO2 emissions. This review deals with the oxyfuel process, where pure oxygen is used for burning coal, resulting in a flue gas
with high CO2 concentrations. After further conditioning, the highly concentrated CO2 is compressed and transported in the liquid state to, for example, geological storages. The enormous oxygen demand is generated
in an air-separation unit by a cryogenic process, which is the only available state-of-the-art technology. The generation
of oxygen and the purification and liquefaction of the CO2-enriched flue gas consumes significant auxiliary power. Therefore, the overall net efficiency is expected to be lowered by
8 to 12 percentage points, corresponding to a 21 to 36% increase in fuel consumption. Oxygen combustion is associated with
higher temperatures compared with conventional air combustion. Both the fuel properties as well as limitations of steam and
metal temperatures of the various heat exchanger sections of the steam generator require a moderation of the temperatures
during combustion and in the subsequent heat-transfer sections. This is done by means of flue gas recirculation. The interdependencies
among fuel properties, the amount and the temperature of the recycled flue gas, and the resulting oxygen concentration in
the combustion atmosphere are investigated. Expected effects of the modified flue gas composition in comparison with the air-fired
case are studied theoretically and experimentally. The different atmosphere resulting from oxygen-fired combustion gives rise
to various questions related to firing, in particular, with regard to the combustion mechanism, pollutant reduction, the risk
of corrosion, and the properties of the fly ash or the deposits that form. In particular, detailed nitrogen and sulphur chemistry
was investigated by combustion tests in a laboratory-scale facility. Oxidant staging, in order to reduce NO formation, turned
out to work with similar effectiveness as for conventional air combustion. With regard to sulphur, a considerable increase
in the SO2 concentration was found, as expected. However, the H2S concentration in the combustion atmosphere increased as well. Further results were achieved with a pilot-scale test facility,
where acid dew points were measured and deposition probes were exposed to the combustion environment. Besides CO2 and water vapour, the flue gas contains impurities like sulphur species, nitrogen oxides, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The
CO2 liquefaction is strongly affected by these impurities in terms of the auxiliary power requirement and the CO2 capture rate. Furthermore, the impurity of the liquefied CO2 is affected as well. Since the requirements on the liquid CO2 with regard to geological storage or enhanced oil recovery are currently undefined, the effects of possible flue gas treatment
and the design of the liquefaction plant are studied over a wide range. 相似文献
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以某350 t/d的垃圾焚烧炉为研究对象,采用CFD模拟方法研究了城市生活垃圾掺烧填埋场陈腐垃圾及不同配风方案对燃烧过程、流场分布及NOx排放规律等影响。结果表明:掺烧陈腐垃圾延后了床层焦炭燃烧过程,有利于挥发分析出,从而使燃烧区及烟道气相燃烧更剧烈,提高了炉膛整体温度,但也加剧了局部超温,同时一烟道出口NOx浓度从247.85 mg/Nm3降低到198.75 mg/Nm3。工况4增大了上下层二次风,使燃烧区流体充分混燃,且烟道流体湍动度增大,使炉膛内温度更加均匀,有利于缓解一烟道高温腐蚀现象。合适的配风比可极大降低一烟道出口NOx浓度,使之从198.75 mg/Nm3降至89.80 mg/Nm3,同时也延长了炉膛烟气的停留时间。该研究结果可为垃圾焚烧炉改进陈腐垃圾掺烧比和配风比提供参考。 相似文献