基于酵母报道基因系统检测珠江三角洲水域二噁英污染物的分布蓄积特征

利用酵母报道基因系统,检测广州市内河涌水体、珠江三角洲周围典型淡水、珠江口水体以及对应底泥样品中的二噁英类似物,探讨二噁英污染类似物在珠江三角洲水域的分布蓄积和来源特征.结果表明,广州市区流溪河同德围涌段、荔河芳村码头涌段水体存在较严重的污染,2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-对-二噁英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin,TCDD)毒性当量分别达(50.189 0±5.695 4)ng/L、(13.096 9±0.825 2)ng/L;广州市区河涌底泥污染分布水平表现为荔河涌段番禺涌段天河涌段;珠江三角洲周围水体及对应底泥污染蓄积主要分布在东江惠州段和西江肇庆段,而北江段和潭江段各采样点未见明显污染.研究表明珠江三角洲水域二噁英污染物的蓄积呈非均匀分布,城市和城市周边工业区河涌及其流经珠江河段污染较重,说明污染主要来源于小型加工和化工工业活动.图2表3参19     

宿州市护城河沉积物重金属污染程度及来源分析

在对宿州市护城河沉积物12个采样点重金属含量测试的基础上,运用沉积物富集系数法和内梅罗指数法对该水域沉积物中V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As及Pb 7种重金属污染程度进行分析,并运用聚类分析法和因子分析法对重金属来源进行识别.结果表明:Cu和Zn处于较强污染状态,Ni、As和Pb处于中等污染状态,Cr处于轻微至中等污染状态,V处于无污染状态;护城河沉积物12个采样点7种重金属的综合污染程度由大到小依次为H7、H10、H3、H9、H1、H11、H6、H5、H12、H8、H2和H4,其中位于工业区附近的H7点污染程度最高,而位于居民区和护城河汇流处附近的H4点最低;聚类分析将7种重金属分为Ⅰ类(Cu、Zn、As和Pb)、Ⅱ类(Cr和Ni)和Ⅲ类(V),每类元素自身具有相似的地球化学过程;旋转成分矩阵后的因子分析从重金属元素变量中提取出3个主成分(PC1、PC2和PC3),与聚类分析结果相对应,可解释总变量的90.97％.PCI(Cu、Zn、As和Pb)表示交通运输和煤炭工业污染,PC2(Cr和Ni)表示机械制造业,PC3(V)表示自然作用.     

董铺水库及入库河流表层沉积物污染状况评价

董铺水库是合肥市重要的水源地之一,其水质状况直接影响合肥市民的身体健康。了解董铺水库及入库河流营养元素和重金属等污染物含量及分布特征,对探究董铺水库污染状况及其控制与管理有重要参考意义。采集了董铺水库及入库河流25个采样点(断面)沉积物样本,测定总氮(TN)、总磷(TN)、有机质(OM)及4种重金属指标,采用氮磷综合污染指数和有机污染指数评价了库区及入库河流表层沉积物营养元素污染状况,并使用地累积指数及潜在生态风险指数评价沉积物4种重金属污染状况。结果显示:董铺水库库区及入库河流氮磷综合污染指数整体上属于清洁范围,库区少数采样点为轻度-中度污染;库区沉积物的总氮单项污染指数以及综合污染指数均高于入库河流,而总磷污染指数则表现出相反的趋势;有机污染指数整体上属于轻度水平,88.9%的河流断面沉积物属于清洁-中度污染,43.8%的库区采样点处于中度污染水平;地累积指数评价显示库区及入库河流沉积物中重金属Zn、Pb、Mn表现出轻度污染水平,Cu为清洁等级,4种重金属的平均污染程度由高到低依次是Zn、Pb、Mn、Cu,水库库区及入库河流潜在生态风险指数RI的平均值分别为12.6和11.8,均处于低风险水平,属于低生态危害程度。     

茶叶挥发物对白斑猎蛛觅食行为的影响

为了探明茶树叶片挥发物在白斑猎蛛(Evarcha albaria)选择觅食斑块过程中的作用,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究了其猎物假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis)取食对茶树叶片挥发物释放的影响,同时利用蜘蛛行为观测平台研究了白斑猎蛛在不同味源侧(觅食斑块)的活动行为。结果表明,未损伤叶片(对照)仅释放出微量挥发物,而假眼小绿叶蝉成虫取食后的茶树叶片释放出14种挥发物;雌、雄蛛在进入处理味源(假眼小绿叶蝉取食后的茶树叶片)侧和对照侧的初次选择及进入频次上均无显著差异,但与对照相比,雌、雄蛛在虫害处理叶片中的停留时间显著增加。研究表明,假眼小绿叶蝉取食诱导了茶树叶片挥发物的释放,而挥发物种类和含量的变化造成了白斑猎蛛在不同味源侧停留时间的差异。     

铅锌矿区河谷沉积物的磁学特征与重金属污染的关系

以流经中国铅锌矿储量最大的兰坪金顶铅锌矿区的澜沧江支流--沘江的河谷冲积物为研究对象,通过实地调查采样、室内实验测定和统计分析等方法,测定并分析了沘江河谷沉积物的磁化率特征与重金属Pb、Zn、Cd的含量,以探讨矿产开发对河谷沉积物重金属含量的影响,并试图为其监测提供一种简单有效的手段.研究表明:(1)沘江沉积物磁化率因受到兰坪铅锌矿产开发活动的影响表现出明显的分段性,且与重金属污染状况的分段性基本吻合,呈现上游污染段沉积物的重金属含量和磁化率均高于下游的特征,且单因子污染指数较高的河段磁化率也高;(2)回归分析显示,沉积物磁化率与重金属含量显著相关;(3)可以利用磁性测试监测矿区河流沉积物的重金属污染状况.     

黄河(兰州段)水环境中壬基酚及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚污染的初步研究

对黄河(兰州段)4个排污点的水样和6个断面各个介质(包括水体、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物)中壬基酚(NP)及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)的污染调查结果表明,4个排污点水样中分别含有浓度不等的NP,NPnEO(n=1—11);6个断面采样点中,大分子的NPnEO(n>2)在各个介质中均未检出,水样中NP在0.24—2.10μg·l-1之间,NP1EO在0.060-0.35μg·l-1之间,NP2EO在0.039—0.26μg·l-1之间,说明NPnEO在黄河水体发生了有效降解,但是NPnEO小分子降解产物,特别是NP,持久性加强,在不同断面检测到不同程度的污染;在悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中也检测到了相应的NP,NP1lEO和NP2EO,其浓度均大于水体,而悬浮颗粒物对NP,NP1EO和NP2EO的富集大于沉积物对它们的富集.     

永定河上覆水、间隙水和沉积物中重金属的分布特征

采集了永定河及其支流清水河水样和表层沉积物各11个,并通过高速离心获得间隙水样10个.利用ICP-MS检测了上覆水中可溶性重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)、间隙水中可溶性重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)的含量以及沉积物中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)的总量;检测了样品的理化性质;分析了水体及沉积物间重金属的分配系数.结果表明,上游采样点水化学类型主要为Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-HCO_3~--SO_4~(2-),而下游采样点水化学类型则主要为Na~+-Mg~(2+)-Cl~--SO_4~(2-),上游和下游的水化学类型呈现明显的差异性;上覆水中Mn在位于下游的7号采样点含量超出生活饮用水卫生标准;间隙水中的重金属普遍高于上覆水含量;采用间隙水标准毒性单位(IWCTU)对间隙水重金属进行评价,发现Zn在大部分采样点(除2、5、11)及Pb在采样点6、7、8存在一定程度的毒性风险;Cd、Pb、Ni等3种重金属在附近有煤矿分布的采样点的上覆水和沉积物中含量都较高,需要特别注意的是Hg的分布也可能与煤矿开采有关.Pb、Cr、Mn等3种重金属在沉积物与上覆水中的分配系数比较大,而Hg、Cd、Zn则分配系数比较小;重金属在上覆水间隙水及沉积物中的分布关系为沉积物间隙水上覆水;分别对上覆水间隙水和沉积物中的重金属进行相关性分析及沉积物的主成分分析,发现Cd和Pb在间隙水和沉积物中均存在显著的相关性,沉积物中的Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg、Cu、Cr在第一主成分中具有较高的载荷值,推断这几种重金属具有相同的来源.     

广州城市河涌沉积物浸出液对水生生物的急性毒性

研究了广州市石井河、澳口涌、沙河涌、东朗涌、车陂涌、花地涌6条河涌沉积物浸出液对小球藻、大型和斑马鱼的急性毒性.试验结果表明,6条河涌沉积物浸出液对水生生物均存在不同程度的毒性,其中石井河和澳口涌毒性较大.对于河涌沉积物污染的生物检测,小球藻生长抑制率指标比大型和斑马鱼存活率指标具有更高的敏感性和指示性,其顺序表现为小球藻>斑马鱼>大型.沉积物会构成河流的一个持久性污染源而对水生生物造成危害.在治理河涌的过程中,河涌沉积物的二次污染不可忽视.氵搔氵搔氵搔     

北戴河湿地沉积物中人工合成麝香分布特征与环境风险评估

本文采用索氏提取萃取土壤中人工合成麝香并结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测,对北戴河湿地23个表层沉积物中4种人工合成麝香(佳乐麝香(HHCB)、吐纳麝香(AHTN)、酮麝香(MK)、二甲苯麝香(MX))污染水平及分布特征进行了研究,并进行相关环境风险评价.在沉积物样品中检测出19.50—34.93 ng·g~(-1)(平均含量:28.46 ng·g~(-1),dw)佳乐麝香(HHCB)以及16.37—29.29 ng·g~(-1)(23.30 ng·g~(-1),dw)吐纳麝香(AHTN);只有5个样品检出酮麝香(MK),浓度范围从低于检测限(LOD)—37.89 ng·g~(-1);在所有样品中均未检测出二甲苯麝香(MX).结果显示,沉积物中人工合成麝香污染的主要成分为HHCB和AHTN,其含量占人工合成麝香总量50.65%—100.00%.对23个沉积物样品中的3种人工合成麝香进行Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验,结果发现,HHCB与AHTN的含量存在显著的相关性(0.01),说明该地区检出的HHCB与AHTN可能具有相似来源和归趋.北戴河湿地沉积物中AHTN和HHCB蓄积量估算为:510.270 g和623.274 g.环境风险评估显示,实际检出浓度低于沉积物中HHCB与AHTN的预测无效应浓度,理论上不具有急性风险.     

东洞庭湖及其入湖口水域表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征与生态风险

为了解东洞庭湖及其入湖口表层沉积物中TI、Sb等重金属的污染特征,对9个采样断面表层沉积物中TI、Sb、Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Mn和Zn等13种重金属的含量、空间分布特征、来源进行了分析,并对其生态风险进行了评价。研究结果表明,沉积物中13种重金属的平均质量分数在0.180~762 mg·kg~(-1)之间,其质量分数大小为MnZnVCrPbCuNiAsCoCdSbTIHg。湘江(S1)和汨罗江(S2)入湖口以及鹿角(S4)、东洞庭湖(S6)、岳阳楼(S7)和洞庭湖出口(S9)表层沉积物中重金属污染较严重,各重金属具有相同的来源或产生了复合污染。第一主成分(PC1)主要源于湘江和汨罗江来水,湘江起主导作用;V主要源于湖区周边污染。地累积指数评价得出:沉积物中各重金属的污染程度顺序为CdHgPbAs=ZnSbVCuMnTICoNiCr,整个研究区(I_(tot)=5.74)面临严重污染。潜在生态风险指数(E_r~i)表明各重金属的生态风险大小为CdHgSbTIAsPbCuNiCoVCrZnMn;沉积物中13种重金属的RI值介于217.9~1968之间,平均值为555.1,整个研究区属"重度"生态风险,主要风险污染物为Cd和Hg,其次为TI和Sb。各采样点的生态风险大小顺序为S1S6S9S7S4S2S5(扁山)S8(大小西湖)S3(新墙河)。研究表明,湘江入湖口(S1)面临"严重"生态风险,鹿角(S4)至洞庭湖出口(S9)水域面临"重度"生态风险,S1、S4、S6、S7和S9已成为了潜在生态风险区域。     

基于利益相关方意愿调查的东江流域生态补偿机制探讨

流域生态补偿已经成为解决流域生态环境保护问题、协调流域上下游利益冲突的重要手段之一。以东江流域为例,通过实地问卷调查和条件价值评估法评估流域上下游利益相关方生态补偿意愿,并探讨构建东江流域生态补偿机制。流域生态补偿意愿调查结果表明,流域内居民对东江流域生态环境保护有很高的积极性,对建立流域生态补偿机制有较高的认同度;下游地区城市居民平均支付意愿为332.7-364.5元/（年·户）,上游农民对于林地保护的平均受偿意愿为360.75元/（年·hm^2）;通过回归分析发现,受教育水平、收入、自来水水质对支付意愿影响显著,而受偿意愿受性别和受教育水平影响明显;充分考虑并协调好流域上下游利益相关方的诉求对东江流域生态环境保护和生态补偿机制的建立有着重要的现实意义。     

Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

This study estimates the detailed chemical profiles of China＇s anthropogenic volatile organic com- pounds （VOCs） emissions for the period of 2005-2020. The chemical profiles of VOCs for seven activity sectors are calculated, based on which the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential （POCP） of VOCs for these sectors is evaluated. At the national level, the VOCs species emitted in 2005 include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and halocarbons, accounting for 26.4wt.%, 29.2wt.%, 21.3 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 0.7 wt. % and 2.2wt.% of total emissions, respectively. And during 2005-2020, their mass proportions would respec- tively grow or decrease by - 34.7%, -48.6%, 108.5%, 6.9%, -32.7%, 7.3%, 65.3%, 100.5%, and 55.4%. This change would bring about a 13% reduction of POCP for national VOCs emissions in the future. Thus, although the national VOCs emissions are expected to increase by 33% over the whole period, its ozone formation potential is estimated to rise only by 14%. Large discrepancies are found in VOCs speciation emissions among provinces. Compared to western provinces, the eastern provinces with a more developed economy would emit unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene with lower mix ratios, and aromatic compounds except benzene, oxidized hydrocar- bons and halocarbons with higher mix ratios. Such differences lead to lower POCP of VOCs emitted in eastern provinces, and higher POCP of VOCs emitted in western provinces. However, due to the large VOCs emissions from Chinese eastern region, the ozone forma- tion potential of VOCs emission in eastern provinces would be much higher than those in western provinces by about 156%-235%.     

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample （ASKAREL Nr 1740） from an imported transformer in China

Homolog and congener profiles of polychlori- nated biphenyls （PCBs）, polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contam- ination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil （ASKAREL Nr 1740） in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC/HRMS）. The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260was found, with the hexachlorinated and hepta- chlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners （i.e., # 153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181） account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration ofPCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs （DL-PCBs） was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF 〉 HxCDFs 〉 HpCDFs 〉 PeCDFs 〉 TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners （i.e., #118, #156, #157） accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.     

Responses of bacterial strains isolated from drinking water environments to N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones and their analogs during biofilm formation

Often as a result ofbiofilm formation, drinking water distribution systems （DWDS） are regularly faced with the problem of microbial contamination. Quorum sensing （QS） systems play a marked role in the regulation of microbial biofilm formation; thus, inhibition of QS systems may provide a promising approach to biofilm formation control in DWDS. In the present study, 22 bacterial strains were isolated from drinking water-related environments. The following properties of the strains were investigated： bacterial biofilm formation capacity, QS signal molecule N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones （AHLs） production ability, and responses to AHLs and AHL analogs, 3-chloro-4-（dichloromethyl）-5-hydroxy-2（5H）- furanone （MX） and 2（5H）-furanone. Four AHLs were added to developed biofilms at dosages ranging from 0.1 nmol.L J to 100nmol.L1. As a result, the biofilm growth of more than 1/4 of the isolates, which included AHL producers and non-producers, were significantly promoted. Further, the biofilm biomasses were closely associated with respective AHLs concentrations. These results provided evidence to support the idea that AHLs play a definitive role in biofilm formation in many of the studied bacteria. Meanwhile, two AHLs analogs demon- strated unexpectedly minimal negative effects on biofilm formation. This suggested that, in order to find an applicable QS inhibition approach for biofilm control in DWDS, the testing and analysis of more analogs is needed.     

Combined biologic aerated filter and sulfur/ceramisite autotrophic denitrification for advanced wastewater nitrogen removal at low temperatures

An innovative advanced wastewater treatment process combining biologic aerated filter （BAF） and sulfur/ ceramisite-based autotrophic denitrification （SCAD） for reliable removal of nitrogen was proposed in this paper. In SCAD reactor, ceramisite was used as filter and Ca （HCO3）2 was used for supplying alkalinity and carbon source. The BAF-SCAD was used to treat the secondary treatment effluent. The performance of this process was investigated, and the impact of temperature on nitrogen removal was studied. Results showed that the combined system was effective in nitrogen removal even at low temperatures （8℃）. Removal of total nitrogen （TN）, NH4＋ -N, NO3-N reached above 90% at room temperature. Nitrification was affected by the temperature and nitrification at low temperature （8℃） was a limiting factor for TN removal. However, denitrification was not impacted by the temperature and the removal of NO3 -N maintained 98% during the experimental period. The reason of effective denitrification at low temperature might be the use of easily dissolved Ca（HCO3）2 and high-flux ceramisite, which solved the problem of low mass transfer efficiency at low temperatures. Besides, vast surface area of sulfur with diameter of 2-6 mm enhanced the rate of microbial utilization. The removal of nitrate companied with the production of SO42-, and the average concentration of SO27 was about 240mg.L^-1. These findings would be beneficial for the application of this process to nitrogen removal especially in the winter and cold regions.     

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs （mainly in particle phase） are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, hydroxyl radical （OH）, and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs （particle phase） concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.     

Simultaneous quantification of several classes of antibiotics in water,sediments, and fish muscles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Precise and sensitive methods for the simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics, including sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim in surface water, sediments, and fish muscles were developed. In water samples, drugs were extracted with solid-phase extraction （SPE） by passing 1000 mL of water through hydrophilic lipophilic balanced （HLB） SPE cartridges. Sediment samples were solvent-extracted, followed by tandem SPE （strong anion exchange （SAX） ＋ HLB） clean-ups. Fish muscles were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile and citric buffer （80：20, v/v） solution, and cleaned by SPE. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/ MS） with multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） detection was employed to quantify all compounds. The recoveries for the antibiotics in the spiked water, sediment, and fish samples were 60.2%-95.8%, 48.1%-105.3%, and 59.8%- 103.4%, respectively. The methods were applied to samples taken from Dianchi Lake, China. It showed that concentrations of the detected antibiotics ranged from limits of quantification （LOQ） to 713.6 ng- L1 （ofloxacin） in surface water and from less than LOQ to 344.8 μg·kg-1 （sulphamethoxazole） in sediments. The number of detected antibiotics and the overall antibiotic concentrations were higher in the urban area than the rural area, indicating the probable role of livestock and human activities as important sources of antibiotic contamination. In fish muscles, the concentration of norfioxacin was the highest （up to 38.5 μg·kg-1）, but tetracyclines and macrolides were relatively low. Results showed that the methods were rapid and sensitive, and capable of determining several classes of antibiotics from each of the water, sediment, and fish matrices in a single run.     

Ozone kinetics of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of water vapor

The outdoor smog chamber was used to thorough investigate the rate constants of gas-phase reaction between dimethyl sulfide （DMS） and ozone （O3） under conditions of relative humidity 55.0%-67.8% at （296±2）K for the first time. The rate constants were measured, at a total pressure of 1 atm, to be （10.4±0.2） × 10^-19 cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 67.5%±0.3% at 298K, （10.1±0.1） × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 66.5%±0.5% at 296K, （7.75±0.39） × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 64.8%± 0.1% at 294K and （3.42±0.21） × 10^-19cm^3·molecu- le^-1·s^-1at relative humidity of 55.8%±0.8% at 295K. Base on these results, it is possible to see the reaction of O3/ DMS in the presence of water vapor as an important sink for DMS in the earth atmosphere.     

六溴环十二烷及其复合污染脑发育期暴露对大鼠甲状腺激素代谢过程的影响

研究六溴环十二烷（HBCD）及其复合污染对发育期幼鼠甲状腺激素代谢过程的影响。设计HBCD单一暴露剂量（10、50、100、300ttg·kg-1）,及HBCD与等浓度商用多溴联苯醚DE-71按2：1复合暴露剂量（10、50、100、300gg·kg-1）,对新生3d的SD大鼠进行为期42d的暴露,放射免疫法测定血清中甲状腺激素（TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH）水平,并分别测定肝脏和脑组织中甲状腺激素脱碘酶（D1,D2）活性及其对应基因的相对表达水平。与对照组相比较,经HBCD暴露后,大鼠血清中TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3浓度随着暴露剂量增大呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其中10μg·kg-1剂量组的FT3质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组的FT4质量分数显著下降（P〈0．05）;TSH则呈现下降趋势。lO、50及300μg·kg-1剂量组的TSH质量分数均显著下降（P〈0．05）。HBCD／DE-7l复合暴露后,大鼠血清中TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3浓度随着暴露剂量的增大呈升高趋势,其中50μg·kg-1剂量组TT4质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,50μg·kg-1及300μg·kg-1剂量组FT4质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组FT3质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）。单一暴露后,D1活性及基因表达水平均呈下降趋势,300gμg·kg-1剂量组基因表达水平下降显著（P〈0．05）;D2活性及基因表达水平则均呈现下降趋势,50μg·kg-1剂量组均显著下降（P〈0．05）;HBCD／DE-71复合暴露后,D1、D2活性及其基因表达水平则均呈升高趋势,其中100μg·kg-1剂量组D1活性及基因表达水平均显著性升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组D2活性显著性升高（P〈0．05）。HBCD及HBCD／DE-71复合污染物均能通过改变甲状腺激素代谢酶的活性及mRNA表达水平进一步影响机体甲状腺激素的内稳态平衡,且HBCD单一暴露与HBCD／DE-71复合暴露对机体毒性作用途径及所产生的毒性效果存在着很大的差异。     

万家寨引黄工程水源地水质调查分析

利用气相色谱法分别在黄河沙汾河水库水中检出296和241个色谱峰；利用色质联用技术分别在黄河水和汾河水库水中检出74个和95个质谱峰，并定性56种和78种化合物。采用化学物质的潜在危害指数法，筛选出10种毒性较大的化合物，用气相以谱外标法给予了准确定量。结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯类、苯系物和多环芳烃是黄河水和汾河水库水中主要的有机污染物，其浓度大小的排列顺序为：邻苯二甲酸酯类＞苯系物＞多环芳烃。