云南剑川杂岩体岩石包体特征及成因

本文根据云南剑川杂岩体中岩石包体的分布、大小、形态、岩石类型、化学成分及矿物组成特征,探讨包体的成因,并推测寄主岩浆岩的性质、来源。认为剑川杂岩体中的岩石包体可分为捕虏体和同源包体,同源包体又可分为析离体和堆积岩。推测的岩体初始岩浆温度为1000—1125℃,形成深度约为20—30km。     

赣东北岩浆混合杂岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄

赣东北横峰县港边岩浆混合杂岩体组成极为复杂,具有明显的岩浆混合特点,偏酸性岩浆端员、基性岩浆端员、岩浆混合单位等在野外均能见及。该岩浆混合杂岩体中偏酸性端员肉红色角闪石石英正长岩中颗粒级锆石U Pb定年结果表明,其形成时代为445±4Ma,反映为加里东期产物;同时获得的残留锆石U Pb年龄值2958±62Ma,说明该岩浆混合杂岩体中存在中太古代残留锆石,该年龄值也是目前已知的江西省境内最老的残留锆石U Pb年龄值。     

麻棚杂岩的成岩物理化学条件及演化规律(摘要)

<正> 麻棚杂岩体位于河北省阜平县和灵寿县境内,大地构造上位于华北地台,山西中台隆,五台台拱之阜平穹褶区西南部阜平-来源复背斜的轴都,属太行山脉北段。岩体受紫荆关深大断裂控制,产出于紫荆关岩浆构造带的南端。岩体长轴呈NNE向展布,总出露面积为65km~2。该杂岩体主体是花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,仅在杂岩体的边部出露辉石闪长岩和石英闪长岩。该杂岩体侵入于太古代阜平群团泊口组,岩体与围岩的侵入接触关系清楚,岩体     

东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩

以闽东永泰地区为实例,具体阐述东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩及其区域性分布特点。早白垩世为主要形成期,与世界其它地区以太古代为主体有所不同。区内双模式火山岩为主元结构,Ⅰ旋回(下组合)为沉积岩——玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅱ旋回(上组合)为沉积岩——碱性玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅲ旋回为沉积岩——玄武岩——火山集块岩及钾长流纹岩,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘板内拉张环境,岩浆结晶温度大约在970—1156℃,估算过渡岩浆房形成深度约3.5—5km。     

宁镇山脉岩基的水平分带和垂直分带

宁镇山脉岩基中四个花岗岩类杂岩体具分带性。水平分带表现在单个杂岩体从边缘向核部的结晶顺序总是为:石英闪长岩→石英二长岩(花岗闪长岩)→二长花岗岩,斑晶含量随岩石酸度增加而降低,以致由斑状结构演化为等粒状结构,岩浆定位后的对流作用是这种水平分带的主要机理。与岩浆房内部对流结合起来的边界层环流作用使富钾流体在高位富集,导致晚期分异熔体从早期结晶外壳冲破出来移向高处而具垂直分带。认为每个杂岩体代表一批同源岩浆的演化系列或一个超单元。     

湖北黄梅乱泥滩花岗岩体的同位素年龄及成因初析

黄梅乱泥滩花岗岩侵入年龄为124.1Ma,完全冷却暴露地表年龄为80Ma,据岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值、∈Nd值、δ~(18)0值等综合分析,均显示该岩体具有“S”型花岗岩类的特征,其原始物质来自地壳。岩浆侵位深度为4.8km,结晶温度为798℃,氧逸度fO_2=1×10~(-11)a,压力P=6.57×10~8Pa岩体侵位时处于张性构造环境的陆内碰撞带。     

根据矿物中包体的研究资料论印杜斯特里阿尔矿床花岗岩和锡矿脉的成因关系

<正> 印杜斯特里阿尔矿床分布在奥姆苏克昌凹陷的南部,产于左奥姆苏克昌岩体的淡色花岗岩中。该岩体的花岗岩是白垩纪时代同源岩浆的火山深成杂岩体的组成部分。根据矿床坑道和表面的观察,证实了岩体是通过     

云南剑川粗面斑岩-正长岩杂岩体的岩石学特征

分布在剑川县城西侧的一系列碱性浅成斑岩-深成岩体,不是彼此孤立而是一个具有成因联系的杂岩体.该杂岩体可分为四次岩浆侵入,其中第Ⅱ次剑川粗面斑岩并不是过去认为的粗面岩,而是一个超浅成侵入体,从中心到边部可分为两个岩相带,岩石以碱性系列为主,岩浆是深熔作用形成的.     

层理侵入体中铂族元素富集模式

随着层理侵入体岩浆的分异作用,溶解度的变化表现为:远在岩浆中斜长石于液相线晶出之前,该岩浆与新鲜注入的初始未分异岩浆的混合可能造成铬铁矿饱和,但不会导致硫化物的饱和。然而,当斜长石作为一种堆积矿物相从残余岩浆中晶出或即将片晶出时,这种混合作用可以导致硫化物的饱和,就可以以此方式产生富含硫化物,并因而富含铂和钯的层位。这一机理可以说明斯提沃特杂岩体和布什维尔德杂岩体中铬铁岩和含硫化物“矿层”中Pt和Pd的分布。该含硫化物矿层被解释为硫化物的“分批分凝”的结果,而这种硫化物批料被认为是由湍流热缕中的含矿岩浆产生的,随后被湍流对流作用悬浮在岩浆中,这就为硫化物与岩浆之间达到彻底的平衡提供了机会。在层理侵入体分异过程的任何阶段,岩浆的简单结晶作用都可能导致硫化物的分凝,这取决于岩浆中硫化物接近初始饱和程度;但是以这种方式分凝的硫化物含量不可能大于同一时间结晶的堆积硅酸盐的2wt％。津巴布韦大岩墙中的Ⅰ(3)、Ⅱ和Ⅱ硫化物被认为是依此分凝过程的产物——硫化物形成的。而岩浆混合作用被认为对“大岩墙’的主硫化物带(Ⅰ(1)和Ⅱ(2)带)的形成起了作用。安大略省列岛湖杂岩体中的洛比(Robie)矿床的野外关系表明,含矿的宿主辉长岩经历了部分熔融和角砾岩化作用。(Pt     

冀西北与碱性杂岩有关的金矿床的成因探讨

冀西北的东坪、中山沟、后沟等金矿床产于碱性正长岩杂岩体的内外接触带，与岩体有成因联系。矿石为少硫化物型。矿体有三种类型：石英脉型；石英脉＋脉旁蚀变岩型；钾、硅化蚀变岩型。对微量元素、稀土元素及S、Pb、C、O和Si的同位素的研究结果表明，成矿物质主要来源于碱性杂岩体，成矿流体混合热液，成矿时代为燕山期（钾长石Ar－Ar年龄为156～177Ma）。矿床为燕山期强烈岩浆活动产生的岩浆水与大气降水作用形成的混合热液对海西期碱性杂岩体（327．4Ma）交代改造而形成的一种新的改造型热液金矿床。     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.