Emission factors, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of volatile organic compounds emitted from industrial biomass boilers

To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m~3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m~3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.     

漯河市机动车尾气排放挥发性有机物源成分谱特征及影响

选取漯河市26辆不同类型车辆开展尾气排放挥发性有机物（VOCs）源采样,分析VOCs源成分谱特征及其对环境和人体健康的影响。结果表明：轻型汽油车尾气排放以含氧挥发性有机物（OVOC）和烷烃为主,特征物种主要包括丙酮、异戊烷、乙醛、2,3-二甲基丁烷和乙烯;柴油车尾气排放以OVOC和烯烃为主,特征物种主要包括丙酮、乙烯、乙醛、苯甲醛和丙烯醛。随着累计行驶里程的增加,汽油车烷烃排放增加47.3%,芳香烃排放下降122.4%。轻型汽油车尾气排放的OVOC和柴油车尾气排放的烯烃对臭氧生成潜势的贡献较高,芳香烃对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势贡献最大;国Ⅳ、国Ⅵ轻柴车和国Ⅳ重柴车的源活性因子较高,均为应当优先控制的机动车类型。检车场工作人员VOCs暴露存在非致癌和致癌健康风险,应加强健康防护。     

Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth''s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation (36.0% and 51.6%, respectively), while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone (24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively) and SOA (22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively) formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.     

Vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds conducted by tethered balloon in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health.However,knowledge of the VOC vertical profile in the lower troposphere of major Chinese cities is poorly understood.In this study,tethered balloon flights were conducted over the juncture of BeijingTianjin-Hebei in China during the winter of 2016.Thirty-six vertical air samples were collected on selected heavy and light pollution days at altitudes o...     

合成树脂行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响

使用SUMMA罐采集华东地区5类典型合成树脂企业有组织排口样品,通过气相色质联用技术（GC-MS）定量分析106种VOCs,计算了合成树脂行业排放量、排放系数和不确定性,分析了VOCs的排放特征和臭氧生成潜势,建立了5类合成树脂VOCs排放成分谱.结果表明：合成树脂企业VOCs排放量为346~3467kg/a,5类合成树脂排放系数为0.06~1.24g/kg,其中涂料树脂（CR）类企业排放量和排放系数均最大.芳香烃、含氧烃（OVOCs）和卤代烃是合成树脂行业VOCs排放基本组分,累计占比范围是73.2%~98.3%.涂料树脂、酚醛树脂（PF）、聚氨酯（PU）、共聚物树脂（ABS）和聚碳酸酯（PC）特征污染物分别为：甲基异丁基酮、苯、甲苯、苯乙烯和二氯甲烷.合成树脂企业臭氧生成潜势（OFP）为22.7~202.5mg/m³,源反应性（SR）为0.3~4.6g/g,CR类企业OFP和SR均最大.合成树脂行业SR处于各行业平均水平.芳香烃、OVOCs和烯炔烃是合成树脂行业的主要光化学活性组分,累计OFP贡献率为64.1%~100.0%,苯、甲苯、甲基异丁基酮、乙烯、苯乙烯是合成树脂行业关键活性物种.研究显示,合成树脂行业VOCs治理应管控芳香烃和OVOCs的排放,重视污染物恶臭问题和卤代烃溶剂的危害,减排VOCs排放量大、臭氧生成能力强的CR类企业.     

南宁市冬季挥发性有机物特征及其来源分析

为了解南宁市冬季期间挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征及来源,采用在线连续监测系统于2020年12月9日~2021年2月22日在南宁市区对116种VOCs进行了在线连续观测.结果显示,观测期间VOCs体积分数为37.57x10^-9,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、OVOCs及卤代烃体积分数占VOCs比例分别为44%、15%、8%、19%和11%.VOCs体积分数白天低,夜晚高;采用OH消耗速率（L_OH）和臭氧生成潜势（OFP）估算了观测期间VOCs大气化学反应活性,结果表明醛酮类、芳香烃和烯烃是主要的活性物质;使用气溶胶生成系数法（FAC）估算了VOCs对二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的贡献,发现芳香烃对SOA生成贡献最大,占比为98%,其中苯、间/对二甲苯和甲苯为优势物种;正交矩阵因子（PMF）解析结果表明,冬季期间南宁市VOCs主要来源于：机动车尾气排放源（30.1%）>固定燃烧及生物质燃烧源（22.2%）>工业工艺排放源（16.8%）,而OFP贡献较高的源分别为溶剂使用源（23.9%）、固定燃烧及生物质燃烧源（22%）、机动车尾气排放源（21.8%）.因此,机动车尾气排放源和固定燃烧及生物质燃烧源应为南宁市冬季的优先管控源类,其次为工业工艺排放源、溶剂使用源.     

长株潭城市群人为源VOCs排放清单及其对环境的影响

基于长株潭城市群环境统计数据和排放系数,建立了2014年长株潭城市群人为源VOCs排放清单,并根据空间特征数据进行了3 km×3 km的空间网格分配,同时还估算了各类人为源排放VOCs的臭氧生成潜势与二次有机气溶胶生成潜势.结果表明,长株潭地区人为源VOCs排放总量为113.49 kt,其中工艺过程源、溶剂使用源和移动源为最主要的排放源,排放量分别为35.88、28.72、22.13 kt,工艺过程源中75.34%的VOCs排放量来自建材生产,溶剂使用源中建筑涂料和汽车喷涂为主要排放源;各区县中醴陵市的VOCs排放量最高为16.58 kt;长株潭地区总臭氧生成潜势为375.33 kt,溶剂使用源贡献最大为27.28%,生物质燃烧源的臭氧生成能力最强;二次有机气溶胶生成潜势中,溶剂使用源贡献比例最大为35.35%,其二次有机气溶胶生成能力也强于其它源类;空间分布特征显示城区的网格排放量较大.     

我国日化用品使用挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放及臭氧生成潜势研究

溶剂使用源是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要排放源之一.近年来,VOCs排放清单中对工业生产类溶剂的VOCs排放估算较多,但对于生活类溶剂使用的研究有所欠缺.本研究以日化用品为研究对象,基于产品消费量、产品中的溶剂含量及其挥发特性,建立了我国2000-2017年日化用品使用的VOCs排放清单,并基于最大增量反应活性值(M...     

加油站油气处理装置VOCs化学组成及二次污染生成贡献

加油站油气处理装置是控制埋地油罐油气压力并对油气进行回收处理的装置,测试分析油气处理装置进口和出口挥发性有机物(VOCs)化学组成,利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(FAC)估算VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP),量化评估其二次污染生成贡献.结果表明：(1)油气处理装置进口和出口ρ(TVOC)分别为436～706 g·m^-3和4.98～10.04 g·m^-3,VOCs排放主要为烷烃(72%±4%)、含氧有机物(14%±2%)和烯烃(11%±5%).不同处理工艺VOCs排放差异较小,关键物种均为异戊烷(约25%),其次为正丁烷、异丁烷和正戊烷.(2)油气处理装置出口排放的VOCs臭氧生成系数(SR值)为2.6～3.3 g·g^-1,OFP为3.5～25.6 g·m^-3,其中烯烃对OFP贡献率(43%～69%)最大,其次为烷烃(20%～35%)和含氧有机物(10%～22%),OFP主要贡献物种为丁烯、顺-2-丁烯、反-2-丁烯、异戊烷和丙醛.(3)油气处理装...     

青藏高原背景站大气VOCs浓度变化特征及来源分析

采用大气预浓缩与气象色谱/质谱联用法,对2013-09-13到2013-10-14期间在国家大气背景站青海门源站所采集的大气样品进行分析.结果显示,本次研究共检测出38种挥发性有机物(VOCs),其中烷烃16种,烯烃11种,芳香烃9种,卤代烃2种.从组成成分来看,烷烃所占比例最大,达58.6%,烯烃和芳香烃分别占29%和10.5%,卤代烃所占比例最小,仅为1.7%.观测期间大多数VOCs物种呈现白天浓度低、夜晚浓度高的变化趋势,具有明显的高原站点特性,但异戊烷、异戊二烯、甲苯则呈现相反趋势.采用臭氧生成潜势(OFP)对VOCs各组分活性进行分析,各类VOCs中烯烃对OFP贡献最大.利用主成分分析VOCs物种,提取出4个因子,分别归类于燃烧源、天然气和液化石油气的泄露、工业源、生物源.结合HYSPLIT 4.0后向轨迹模型,进一步确定气团的来源与运输途径,发现来自南向的污染源贡献是门源地区VOCs物种浓度增加的主要原因.     

Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone, secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have significant impact on the formation of O₃ and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributing PM_2.5. Herein, we investigated 54 VOCs, O₃ and SOA in Tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O₃, SOA and VOCs. The monthly patterns of VOCs and SOA concentrations were characterized by peak values during October to March and reached a minimum from April to September, but the observed O₃ was exactly the opposite. Machine learning methods resolved the importance of individual VOCs on O₃ and SOA that alkenes (mainly ethylene, propylene, and isoprene) have the highest importance to O₃ formation; alkanes (C_n, n ≥ 6) and aromatics were the main source of SOA formation. Machine learning methods revealed and emphasized the importance of photochemical consumptions of VOCs to O₃ and SOA formation. Ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) calculated by consumed VOCs quantitatively indicated that more than 80% of the consumed VOCs were alkenes which dominated the O₃ formation, and the importance of consumed aromatics and alkenes to SOAFP were 40.84% and 56.65%, respectively. Therein, isoprene contributed the most to OFP at 41.45% regardless of the season, while aromatics (58.27%) contributed the most to SOAFP in winter. Collectively, our findings can provide scientific evidence on policymaking for VOCs controls on seasonal scales to achieve effective reduction in both SOA and O₃.     

阳泉市区夏季挥发性有机物污染特征、来源解析及其环境影响

采集阳泉市区夏季3个监测点的环境空气样品,利用气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-MSD/FID)测定了挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组成,研究了其浓度特征,运用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析了VOCs来源,评估了VOCs对O_3和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成的影响.结果表明,阳泉市区VOCs平均总浓度为(82.1±22.7)μg·m~(-3),其中烷烃浓度占比最大(51.8%),其次是芳香烃(17.8%)和烯烃(8.0%),炔烃浓度占比最小(3.8%). VOCs呈现双峰的变化特征,分别于08:00～10:00和18:00～20:00出现峰值,在12:00～14:00出现谷值.苯/甲苯和异戊烷/正戊烷的均值分别为2.1±1.3和1.7±0.6,表明环境空气VOCs可能受燃煤排放和机动车排放的双重影响. PMF解析出VOCs来源分别为燃煤源(34.9%)、机动车排放源(18.2%)、汽油挥发源(15.2%)、工业排放源(13.6%)、植物排放源(9.2%)和溶剂使用源(9.0%). VOCs臭氧生成潜势(OFP)均值为156.6μg·m~(-3),烯烃贡献最大,二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOA_p)均值为68.7μg·m~(-3),芳香烃的贡献达到93.4%.总之,燃煤排放对VOCs的贡献较高,因此,控制燃煤源排放是阳泉市区VOCs管控重点,需加快矸石山治理和能源结构调整,同时机动车排放源、汽油挥发源和工业排放源的管控也不容忽视.     

Characterization, reactivity, source apportionment, and potential source areas of ambient volatile organic compounds in a typical tropical city

Based on one-year observation, the concentration, sources, and potential source areas of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were comprehensively analyzed to investigate the pollution characteristics of ambient VOCs in Haikou, China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 11.4 ppbV, and the composition was dominated by alkanes (8.2 ppbV, 71.4%) and alkenes (1.3 ppbV, 20.5%). The diurnal variation in the concentration of dominant VOC species showed a distinct bimodal distribution with peaks in the morning and evening. The greatest contribution to ozone formation potential (OFP) was made by alkenes (51.6%), followed by alkanes (27.2%). The concentrations of VOCs and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in spring and summer were low, and it was difficult to generate high ozone (O₃) concentrations through photochemical reactions. The significant increase in O₃ concentrations in autumn and winter was mainly related to the transmission of pollutants from the northeast. Traffic sources (40.1%), industrial sources (19.4%), combustion sources (18.6%), solvent usage sources (15.5%) and plant sources (6.4%) were identified as major sources of VOCs through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The southeastern coastal areas of China were identified as major potential source areas of VOCs through the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models. Overall, the concentration of ambient VOCs in Haikou was strongly influenced by traffic sources and long-distance transport, and the control of VOCs emitted from vehicles should be strengthened to reduce the active species of ambient VOCs in Haikou, thereby reducing the generation of O₃.     

广东省家具行业基于涂料类型的VOCs排放特征及其环境影响

为掌握不同涂料类型废气之间的排放差异,基于溶剂型、水性、溶剂型辐射固化（ultra-violet,UV）、水性UV和粉末等不同涂料类型,选取典型家具制造企业进行废气采样,对比研究不同涂料类型废气挥发性有机物（volatile organic compounds,VOCs）排放浓度和组分差异,并对不同涂料类型废气的臭氧生成潜势（ozone formation potential,OFP）和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势（secondary organic aerosol formation potential,SOAFP）进行分析.结果表明,溶剂型涂料废气的总挥发性有机化合物（total volatile organic compound,TVOC）浓度、OFP和SOAFP均高于水性、溶剂型UV、水性UV和粉末涂料废气.不同涂料类型有组织废气VOCs浓度水平和组成差异较大.溶剂型涂料和溶剂型UV涂料废气以芳香烃和含氧挥发性有机物（oxygenated volatile organic compounds,OVOCs）为主,芳香烃的占比分别为41.91%~60.67%和42.51%~43.00%,OVOCs的占比分别为24.75%~41.29%和41.34%~43.21%.水性涂料、水性UV涂料和粉末涂料废气中VOCs占比最高的是OVOCs,占比分别为54.02%~62.10%、55.23%~64.81%和42.98%~46.45%.溶剂型涂料废气的主要组分为苯乙烯（14.68%）,水性涂料废气的主要组分为甲缩醛（14.61%）,溶剂型UV涂料和水性UV涂料废气的主要组分均为乙酸丁酯（15.36%和20.56%）,粉末涂料废气的主要组分是3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯（20.19%）.芳香烃对溶剂型涂料和溶剂型UV涂料废气的OFP贡献最大,分别为79.84%和80.32%.水性涂料和水性UV涂料废气OFP的主要贡献者是芳香烃（51.48%和36.71%）和OVOCs（42.30%和41.03%）.芳香烃（43.46%）、OVOCs（28.06%）和烯烃（25.24%）是粉末涂料OFP的主要贡献者.芳香烃是溶剂型涂料、水性涂料、溶剂型UV涂料、水性UV涂料和粉末涂料废气SOAFP的绝对贡献者,占比均超过99%.     

沈阳工业区夏季VOCs组成特征及其对二次污染形成的贡献

利用2019年和2020年夏季沈阳市工业区大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的观测数据,研究沈阳市夏季工业区大气VOCs的组成特征并初步判断其来源,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(FAC)法分别估算该地大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)及二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP).结果表明,观测期间沈阳市工业区ρ(总VOCs)平均值为41.66μg·m^-3,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃和乙炔分别占总VOCs浓度的48.50%、 14.08%、 15.37%和22.05%.浓度排名前10的物种累计占总VOCs浓度的69.25%,其中大部分为C2～C5的烷烃,还包括乙炔、乙烯和部分芳香烃.总VOCs整体上呈现出早晚浓度高、中午浓度低的日变化特征,峰值分别出现在06:00和22:00,11:00～16:00处于较低水平.由甲苯/苯(T/B)和异戊烷/正戊烷的比值判断工业区主要受机动车尾气排放、溶剂使用、燃烧源和LPG/NG的影响.工业区大气VOCs的总AFP为41.43×10^-2μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃的贡献最大;总OFP贡献值为1...     

Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from leaves and fruits of apple and peach trees during fruit development

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity. To date, however, research on BVOCs in agroecosystems, particularly fruit trees, remains scarce despite their large cultivation area and economic interest. BVOC emissions from different organs (leaf or fruit) of apple and peach trees were investigated throughout the stages of fruit development (FS, fruit swelling; FC, fruit coloration; FM, fruit maturity; and FP, fruit postharvest) using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. Results indicated that methanol was the most abundant compound emitted by the leaf (apple tree leaf 492.5 ± 47.9 ng/(g·hr), peach tree leaf 938.8 ±  154.5 ng/(g·hr)), followed by acetic acid and green leaf volatiles. Beside the above three compounds, acetaldehyde had an important contribution to the emissions from the fruit. Overall, the total BVOCs (sum of eight compounds studied in this paper) emitted by both leaf and fruit gradually decreased along the fruit development, although the effect was significant only for the leaf. The leaf (2020.8 ±  258.8 ng/(g·hr)) was a stronger BVOC emitter than the fruit (146.0 ± 45.7 ng/(g·hr)) (P = 0.006), and there were no significant differences in total BVOC emission rates between apple and peach trees. These findings contribute to our understanding on BVOC emissions from different plant organs and provide important insights into the variation of BVOC emissions across different fruit developmental stages.     

开封市城区冬季大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

为探究开封市冬季大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征及来源,基于2021年12月至2022年1月开封市生态环境局(城区)在线监测站获取的大气VOCs组分数据,阐述其VOCs污染特征和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP),利用PMF模型解析出VOCs的来源.结果表明,冬季开封市ρ(VOCs)平均值为(104.71±48.56)μg·m^-3,其质量分数最高为烷烃(37.7%),其次为卤代烃(23.5%)、芳香烃(16.8%)、 OVOCs(12.6%)、烯烃(6.9%)和炔烃(2.6%).VOCs对SOA的贡献平均值为3.18μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃贡献率高达83.8%,其次为烷烃(11.5%);开封市冬季VOCs的最大人为排放来源为溶剂使用(17.9%),其次为燃料燃烧(15.9%)、工业卤代烃排放(15.8%)、机动车排放(14.7%)、有机化学工业(14.5%)和LPG排放(13.3%);溶剂使用源对SOAP的贡献率达到32.2%,其次是机动车排放(22.8%)和工业卤代烃排放(18.9%).可见,降低溶剂使用、机动车排放和工业卤代烃排放的...     

芜湖市大气挥发性有机物污染特征、大气反应活性及源解析

2018年9月至2019年8月对芜湖市城区大气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行观测,探讨其污染特征、光化学影响和来源.结果表明,芜湖市大气中VOCs全年平均体积分数为27.86×10^-9,季节变化规律为：秋季（31.16×10^-9） > 夏季（28.70×10^-9） > 冬季（24.75×10^-9） > 春季（24.04×10^-9）,日变化规律呈双峰型,峰值在08：00~09：00时与18：00~19：00时出现,与交通流量的变化有关.芜湖市大气VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势（OFP）为255.29 μg ·m^-3,不同组分对平均OFP的贡献率排序为：芳香烃（48.83%） > 烷烃（21.04%） > 烯烃（18.32%） > OVOCs（11.47%） > 卤代烃（0.35%）.总气溶胶生成潜势（AFP）为1.84 μg ·m^-3,芳香烃贡献率最高（87.69%）,其次为烷烃（12.31%）.苯/甲苯/乙苯（B/T/E）比值表明,芜湖市大气中苯系物的主要贡献源为机动车排放源和工业排放及溶剂使用源.源解析显示：油气挥发源、机动车排放源、溶剂挥发源、LPG排放源、植物排放源和二次生成源对采样期内的VOCs贡献率分别为11.57%、34.53%、16.63%、20.76%、3.54%和12.97%.     

Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in urban area of Beijing: Variations, photochemical reactivity and source apportionment

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were observed by an on-line gas chromatography-flame ionization detector monitoring system from November 2016 to August 2017 in Beijing.The average concentrations were winter(40.27±25.25 μg/m³)> autumn(34.25±19.90 μg/m3)> summer(32.53±17.39 μg/m³)> spring(24.72±17.22 μg/m³).Although benzene(15.70%),propane(11.02%),ethane(9.32%) and n-butane(6.77%) were the most abundant species,ethylene(14.07%) and propene(11....     

Characteristics and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds in emissions from a typical Chinese coking plant

Coking industry is an important volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission source in China,however,detailed information on VOCs emissions is lacking.Therefore,we selected a typical mechanized coking plant and collected air samples according to the Emission Standard of Pollutants for Coking Chemical Industry(GB16171-2012).Using gas chromatographymass spectrometry method,we analyzed the VOCs in the air samples,and applied maximum increment reactivity(MIR) rule to estimate ozone formation potential(...