农地整理权属调整的问题与对策

农地整理是实现耕地总量动态平衡,改善农业生态环境、增加土地产出的重要手段,是国家扶持农业及农村发展的重要举措.总结了我国农地整理权属调整的原则、方法和程序,分析了现阶段农地整理权属调整中存在的公众参与、技术方法、组织管理和法律法规方面存在的问题,并提出了相应对策.     

中国土地整理分区研究进展与展望

合理划分土地整理区,明确不同区域土地整理的类型与方向,是制定土地整理标准和技术措施的基础,也是编制土地整治规划的基础。分析了包括土地整理功能分区、土地整理工程类型分区和土地整理潜力分区在内的中国土地整理分区研究新进展,探讨了目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的主要方向。     

浅析黄河三角洲地区土地开发整理中的农业生态环境保护问题

土地开发整理是一项旨在提高土地生产力,改善农业生产条件和生态环境的活动,本文从目前黄河三角洲地区实际土地开发整理的情况分析,通过土地开发整理增加耕地面积,提高土地生产力,进一步呼吁对农业生态环境保护这一目标加强重视,形成一整套完整的土地开发整理生态绩效的评价体系和方法,以利于土地经济和土地生态的均衡发展。从生态学的角度对这一问题做出了比较全面的思考。     

新疆土地资源的开发利用及对环境的影响

新疆土地面积占国土面积1/6，幅员辽阔的地域决定了土地资源自然类型和可利用类型的多样性，近几十年来，新疆土地的开发仍是以农业土地开发为主，其包括开荒扩大耕地面积和广度开发和集约化生产提高单位产量的深度开发，随着西部大开发战略逐渐实施，新疆城市规模不断扩大，工业加速发展，用地需求与日俱增，本文在总结以往的土地开发利用对环境产生的利与弊基础上，为未来土地利用提出了一些趋利避害的建议。     

基于粮食安全保障的土地整理区域差异与对策研究——以四川省为例

分析粮食与耕地资源态势,研究省域土地整理区域差异与对策,为合理制定土地整理规划目标、确保粮食安全提供科学依据.研究结果表明,四川耕地质量差,耕地后备资源贫乏,人地矛盾日益尖锐,粮食安全保障问题日益凸显.为确保粮食安全,经济较发达、人地矛盾尖锐的成都平原区和盆地丘陵区应以农村居民点和农地整理为主,加强中低产田土改造,从深度上挖掘耕地资源潜力,提高耕地粮食综合生产能力;经济较落后的川西南山地区、盆周山地区和川西北高山高原区,土地整理应与退耕还林、治水治沙相结合,改善生态环境,搞好灾后土地整理复垦规划,加强土地整理复垦工作.全省应重点抓好成都平原区农村居民点整理、川南喀斯特地貌农地和炼磺污染地整理、攀西地区土地复垦开发重点工程,以及地震灾区土地整理复垦、生态恢复与重建.     

对上海市郊区土地整理有关问题的思考

介绍了上海市郊区土地整理的主要模式 ,分析了土地整理过程中存在的主要问题 ,提出了相关的对策和措施。     

面向市场的小流域土地资源合理利用--以黄塔小流域为例

分析了小流域农业发展状况及立体结构,详细阐述了畜牧业和经济林市场,提出小流域合理利用土地资源的措施:调整农业产业结构,充分利用土地,搞好小流域综合立体开发,改良品种,实现农业产业化.     

伊犁河谷土地利用/土地覆盖遥感调查分析研究

伊犁河谷水土资源开发使得土地利用/土地覆盖类型这一区域生态环境演变的重要因素处在变化之中,由此产生的生态环境问题还没有得到有效控制。在解析2000和2005年伊犁河谷的Landsat TM遥感影像基础上,分析、探讨土地利用/土地覆盖现状和动态变化及其特征,揭示生态环境问题。为了防止生态环境问题进一步恶化,使生态环境效益与经济效益同步协调发展,提出调整产业结构、建设草业、设计生态用水、实行环境保护工作“一把手”负责制的建议。     

土地整理潜力分析方法

在指出我国土地整理潜力分析中存在的问题基础上，提出了待整理土地面积及界限确定的方案，并采用因素追加法构建了5种土地整理潜力系数计算方法，分别是相对系数法、绝对系数法、绝对系数修正法、多因素加权法、投资能力系数法。     

黑龙江垦区土地资源可持续利用研究

以黑龙江垦区土地资源利用为例,运用统计分析方法,结合土地利用变化幅度和土地利用动态度等分析指标,对黑龙江垦区土地利用现状与动态变化进行分析。在此基础上,提出了黑龙江垦区土地利用中存在的主要问题：耕地面积总量增加,但人均耕地面积下降;土地资源利用效益有待提高;土地质量逐年下降,生态环境趋于恶化;部分农场场址道路建设用地过大,土地浪费现象严重;土地后备资源日益匮乏,开发整理复垦难度大等5个方面,并提出了相关的对策建议。     

毒地潜伏与土地伦理

据《财经》杂志报道,近年来,中国有大量＂毒地＂被开发为住宅用地,甚至成为昂贵的地王。所谓毒地,就是曾经用于生产、贮存、堆放有毒有害物质,或者因其迁移、突发事故等,造成土壤和地下水污染,并产生人体健康、生态风险或危害的地块。这些年来,毒地害人的事件屡屡发生,比如苏州有家化工企业搬迁后,留下20亩毒地,导致六名筑路工人挖土时昏迷。     

中国土地利用和土地覆被变化研究进展

受国际社会影响，中国加强了土地利用／覆盖变化研究的进程，在众多领域取得了瞩目的成就，主要包括动态监测、遥感分类和制图、LUCC驱动力和区域LUCC模型、环境效应等方面，但中国LUCC研究也存在很多突出的问题，包括跨学科、时空尺度、理论体系完善、研究方法、与全球和区域环境变化及可持续发展之间的关系等。为促进中国土地利用／覆盖变化研究的持续、健康发展，提出对中国LUCC研究的建议和展望包括建立LUCC理论体系，深入掌握LUCC动态研究的手段和方法，形成与中国国情密切结合的土地利用和覆被变化综合模型，转变研究重点，更加清晰地认识和把握LUCC有关的可持续发展问题，加强土地利用变化与生态安全机制的研究等。     

Land Use Change and Land Degradation in Southeastern Mediterranean Spain

The magnitude of the environmental and social consequences of soil erosion and land degradation in semiarid areas of the Mediterranean region has long been recognized and studied. This paper investigates the interrelationship between land use/cover (LULC) changes and land degradation using remotely sensed and ancillary data for southeastern Spain. The area of study, the Xaló River catchment situated in the north of the Alicante Province, has been subjected to a number of LULC changes during the second half of the 20th century such as agricultural abandonment, forest fires, and tourist development. Aerial photographs dating back to 1956 were used for the delineation of historic LULC types; Landsat ETM+ data were used for the analysis and mapping of current conditions. Two important indicators of land degradation, namely, susceptibility to surface runoff and soil erosion, were estimated for the two dates using easily parametrizable models. The comparison of 1956 to 2000 conditions shows an overall “recuperating” trend over the catchment and increased susceptibility to soil erosion only in 3% of the catchment area. The results also identify potential degradation hot-spots where mitigation measures should be taken to prevent further degradation. The readily implemented methodology, based on modest data requirements demonstrated by this study, is a useful tool for catchment to regional scale land use change and land degradation studies and strategic planning for environmental management.     

土地级别的不确定性

根据Rough集理论，提出了土地级别不确定性模型和精度测度模型，用精度测度表示确定性分类精度和不确定性分类精度，以及分析了土地定级中级别划分的不确定性和不同级别分类质量的变化规律。     

The Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Land Degradation Dynamics: A Mediterranean Case Study

In the last decades, due to climate changes, soil deterioration, and Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCCs), land degradation risk has become one of the most important ecological issues at the global level. Land degradation involves two interlocking systems: the natural ecosystem and the socio-economic system. The complexity of land degradation processes should be addressed using a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess diachronically land degradation dynamics under changing land covers. This paper analyzes LULCCs and the parallel increase in the level of land sensitivity to degradation along the coastal belt of Sardinia (Italy), a typical Mediterranean region where human pressure affects the landscape characteristics through fires, intensive agricultural practices, land abandonment, urban sprawl, and tourism concentration. Results reveal that two factors mainly affect the level of land sensitivity to degradation in the study area: (i) land abandonment and (ii) unsustainable use of rural and peri-urban areas. Taken together, these factors represent the primary cause of the LULCCs observed in coastal Sardinia. By linking the structural features of the Mediterranean landscape with its functional land degradation dynamics over time, these results contribute to orienting policies for sustainable land management in Mediterranean coastal areas.     

我国土地年租制的发展趋势--年租制与增量土地供应

随着我国产业结构的急剧变化,城市建设用地需求量激增,与农业争地现象严重,征地、供地环节的问题日益突出。在这种环境下,实施土地年租制的重要性逐渐凸显。在肯定年租制盘活城市存量土地的有效作用的基础上,着重分析了在增量土地供应环节引入年租制,对进一步完善土地有偿使用制度,从而遏制圈地运动,协助解决征地补偿问题,以及为国家创造更多的土地收益等方面的积极作用,为我国年租制的发展方向提供理论参考和实践依据。     

土地使用权出让与土地利用总体规划

本文在论述土地使用权出让和土地利用总体规划内涵的基础上,研究了两者作用和反作用的关系,提出了两者最终目标一致性的观点,并探讨了实践上相关的问题。     

Exploring Land Developer Perspectives on Conservation Subdivision Design and Environmentally Sustainable Land Development

Insight into land developers’ perspectives on alternative residential developments and the barriers they experience in trying to develop them can be crucial in efforts to change environmentally damaging low-density, large-lot, and automobile-dependent residential patterns. Using a semi-structured interview instrument followed by short surveys, I examined the views of 16 developers in Waukesha County, WI, USA, a county that has experienced significant development pressures and widespread implementation of conservation subdivision design. The land developer investigation focused on conservation subdivision design familiarity and implementation, and identified a number of barriers that developers experienced in implementing the design. While the majority of the developers appeared familiar with the design and had experience developing conservation subdivisions, their motivations for developing them varied, as did their on-site conservation practices. The barriers included the lack of land use regulations supporting the design, economic factors, community opposition, and a lack of knowledge about sustainable residential development practices. Strategies to promote more environmentally sustainable residential land development patterns include providing a more supportive institutional environment, enacting different regulations and guidelines for natural resources protection, and offering education on ecologically sound development and planning practices.     

农地开发整理新增耕地价格评估

有序的农地流转市场需要有价格体系支持.以国家投资的一个重点农地整理项目为例,探讨了农地整理新增耕地价格的内涵、特点、价格评估的必要性、原则和估价方法的选择,并运用成本法评估了新增耕地的价格,旨在为目前我国全面开展的农地开发整理新增耕地入市价格评估提供实践依据.     

Land Management Versus Natural Factors in Land Instability: Some Examples in Northern Spain

The objective of this work is to test a hypothesis formulated on the basis of former results which considers that there might be a “global geomorphic change,” due to activities related to land management and not determined by climate change, which could be causing an acceleration of geomorphic processes. Possible relationships between some geomorphic processes related to land instability (landslides or sediment generation) and potential triggering factors are analyzed in study areas in northern Spain. The analysis is based on landslide inventories covering different periods, as well as the determination of sedimentation rates. Temporal landslide and sedimentation rate trends are compared with different indicators of human activities (land-use change, logging, forest fires) and with potential natural triggers (rainfall, seismicity). The possible influence of the road network in the distribution of landslides is also analyzed. Results obtained show that there is a general increase of both landslide and sedimentation rates with time that cannot be explained satisfactorily by observed rainfall trends and even less by seismicity. Land-use change appears to be by far the main factor leading to land instability, with some changes producing up to a 12-fold increase of landslide rate. A relationship between road network and the spatial distribution of landslides has also been observed. These results do confirm the existence of an acceleration of geomorphic processes in the region, and also suggest that climate-related factors play a limited role in the changes observed.