MnOx/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂的制备及低温催化还原NO的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物,以其为载体采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的MnOx/Ti02-Zr02催化剂.低温下以NH3为还原剂考察了催化剂选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性.借助N2吸附、XRD、热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)对催化剂进行微观表征和分析.结果表明,负载量为5%时,生成的MnO2高度分散,NO的转化率较高;负载量为10%和15%时,出现MnO2晶相,NO的转化率有所下降.120-240℃、体积空速为10000 h-1的条件下,3种负载量的催化剂上NO转化率均大于90%.     

低温条件下Nano-MnOx上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用流变相法制备了无载体Nano-MnO_x催化剂,在低温条件下(50～150℃)以NH₃为还原剂系统考察了氮氧化物的选择催化还原特性.结果表明,流变相法制备的Nano-MnO_x催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性.实验条件下,80℃即可获得98.25%的NO转化率,100～150℃内NO几乎完全转化;SO₂和H₂Ｏ会与NO和NH₃在催化剂表面产生竞争吸附,导致催化活性下降,但该影响是可逆的.经分析,较大的比表面积和较低的晶化度是Nano-MnO_x具有良好低温活性的2个主要原因.     

Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2低温催化还原NO的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2.研究了其组分配比、焙烧温度等制备条件和NO进口浓度、空速、O2含量、NH3/NO摩尔比等操作条件对Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2 NH3低温还原NO活性的影响,并探讨了H2O、SO2对Mn-Ce-Fe/Ti O2活性的影响.结果表明,Mn:Fe:Ce摩尔比为5:2:4、500℃下焙烧的Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2在无H2O、SO2,NO体积分数为0.1%,空速为5000h～,反应温度为130℃、O2含量为6%、NH3/NO摩尔比为1.1的条件下,NO转化率接近98%,Fe的加入大大提高了催化剂的单独抗水和同时抗硫抗水性能,130℃下,体积分数10%的H2O对该催化剂的活性基本没有影响,转化率保持在96%以上;通硫、水后的400min内,活性仅下降3%.单独通人S02时,该催化剂中毒程度较深.该催化剂有望应用于基本不含SO2的燃气锅炉烟气和不含SO2的硝酸尾气等NO,工业废气的低温脱硝.     

碱土金属钙沉积对Mn-Ce/TiO2低温SCR催化剂脱硝性能的影响

本研究采用浸渍法分别制备CaCl2、CaCO3和CaSO4这3种钙盐前驱体沉积的Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂,通过分析催化剂活性与催化剂理化特性之间的关系,考察碱土金属钙沉积对Mn-Ce/TiO2低温SCR催化剂脱硝性能的影响.结果表明,钙的加入会导致催化剂中毒,且不同钙前驱体掺杂对催化剂中毒效应不同.CaCO3的沉积对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝效率的影响最小,而CaCl2沉积对催化剂活性抑制作用最为强烈.通过比表面积测试(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线晶体衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法对不同催化剂进行表征发现,催化剂的晶型变化、孔道结构破坏、表面活性元素及酸性点位的减少是催化剂中毒的主要原因.     

Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2低温催化还原NO性能研究

以纳米ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂,考察了活性组分配比和助剂负载量对催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS和BET表征;探讨了温度、H2O和SO2对Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂低温下NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响,结果表明,无SO2和H2O条件下,8%Fe-10%MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.120℃时,催化剂的脱硝效率为85.23%,当温度升至180℃时,脱硝效率可达到92.0%.SO2和H2O共存条件下,催化剂易失活,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对各反应阶段的催化剂进行了表征,对其失活机制进行深入研究,结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是催化剂表面硫酸铵盐的沉积和催化剂本身活性成分的硫酸盐化.     

低温等离子体改性对Fe2O3/ACF低温选择性催化还原NO的影响

利用N2低温等离子体对过量溶液浸渍法制备的Fe2O3/ACF（活性炭纤维）催化剂进行了改性,运用BET比表面积、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT\|IR）对催化剂进行表征.同时,对催化剂的NH3选择性催化还原（SCR）NO的催化性能进行了研究.结果表明,活性组分最佳负载量的质量分数为10.3%;N2等离子体改性最优改性电压为6kV,改性时间为3min;随着反应温度的升高,空白ACF上NO转化率先升高再下降,而催化剂上NO转化率呈上升趋势.在NO体积分数1000×10-6、NH3体积分数1000×10-6、O2体积分数5%、空速10040h-1和反应温度240℃的条件下,催化剂3.7%Fe2O3/ACF和10.3%Fe2O3/ACF经N2等离子体改性后,其NO转化率（相对于未改性的）分别提高了16.43%和6.84%.N2等离子体改性催化剂提高了活性组分在ACF上的分散度,增加了ACF表面的含氮官能团,从而提高了催化剂的SCR低温活性.     

低温条件下Nano-MnOx上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用流变相法制备了无载体Nano-MnOx催化剂,在低温条件下(50～150 ℃)以NH3为还原剂系统考察了氮氧化物的选择催化还原特性.结果表明,流变相法制备的Nano-MnOx催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性.实验条件下,80℃即可获得98.25%的NO转化率,100～150 ℃内NO几乎完全转化;SO2和H2O会与NO和NH3在催化剂表面产生竞争吸附,导致催化活性下降,但该影响是可逆的.经分析,较大的比表面积和较低的晶化度是Nano-MnOx具有良好低温活性的2个主要原因.     

Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原NO的低温活性及抗毒化性能

用浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂,考察了其在O2存在条件下选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性和抗SO2及H2O毒化的性能.结果表明,反应温度、空间速度、NO进口浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对NO转化率的影响较小;在120℃的低温条件下,该催化剂显示了良好的催化活性,NO的转化率始终保持在95%以上.该催化剂有良好的同时抗SO2和H2O毒化能力.     

Mn-Ce-Co/TiO2催化剂低温脱硝活性研究

以纳米TiO2为载体,通过浸渍法制备一系列改性Mn-Ce/TiO2脱硝催化剂.通过实验考察不同元素组分催化剂的脱硝活性,同时探讨金属氧化物掺杂对提高催化剂低温脱硝活性的机理.活性测试结果显示,Co掺杂能最有效地提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂在低温段的SCR脱硝活性,在n(Co):n(TiO2)=0.08～0.10、体积空速为35100h-1的条件下,催化剂在120℃时就能达到80%以上的NO去除率,140℃左右时的NO去除率接近100%.BET、XRD、TPR、TPD等表征测试结果表明,Co掺杂可改进Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂的物化特性,增加催化剂表面的活性酸位点及活性氧数量,提高催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性.     

固定源低温选择性催化还原NOx技术研究进展

NH3选择性催化还原技术在固定源NOx污染控制中广泛应用,其核心是催化剂．传统钒氧化物催化剂起活温度偏高（〉300℃）,难以在末端应用;随着环保法规的日益严格和实际应用需要,研制具有良好低温活性和稳定性的新型催化剂成为近期国内外该领域的热点．对贵金属、分子筛、金属氧化物3类催化剂,综述了国内外近期研究进展．其中以碳质材料为载体负载Nn、Cu等的金属氧化物型催化剂显示出良好的低温活性和稳定性,具有较好的低温催化还原NOx研究前景．     

A comparative study of Mn/CeO2, Mn/ZrO2 and Mn/Ce-ZrO2 for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 in the presence of SO2 and H2O

Ce-ZrO2 is a widely used three-way catalyst support.Because of the large surface area and excellent redox quality,Ce-ZrO2 may have potential application in selective catalytic reduction(SCR) systems.In the present work,Ce-ZrO2 was introduced into a low-temperature SCR system and CeO2 and ZrO2 supports were also introduced to make a contrastive study.Mn/CeO2,Mn/ZrO2 and Mn/Ce-ZrO2 were prepared by impregnating these supports with Mn(NO3)2 solution,and have been characterized by N2-BET,XRD,TPR,TPD,XPS,FT-IR and TG.The activity and resistance to SO2 and H2O of the catalysts were investigated.Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 were proved to have better low-temperature activities than Mn/ZrO2,and yielded 98.6% and 96.8% NO conversion at 180°C,respectively.This is mainly because Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 had higher dispersion of manganese oxides,better redox properties and more weakly adsorbed oxygen species than Mn/ZrO2.In addition,Mn/Ce-ZrO2 showed a good resistance to SO2 and H2O and presented 87.1% NO conversion,even under SO2 and H2O treatment for 6 hours,and the activity of Mn/Ce-ZrO2 was almost restored to its original level after cutting off the injection of SO2 and H2O.This was due to the weak water absorption and weak sulfation process on the surface of the catalyst.     

焙烧温度对Fe2O3/SAPO-34催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO性能的影响

采用尿素沉淀法制备了一系列Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂,考察了催化剂焙烧温度(200、300、400、500℃)对低温NH_3选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)NO性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)等多种手段对催化剂的表面结构和物理化学性质进行表征分析.XRD和FE-SEM分析表明,在较低的焙烧温度(400℃)下,铁物种能够高度均匀地负载在SAPO-34表面上.NH_3-TPD和H_2-TPR分析表明,高分散状态的Fe_2O_3使催化剂暴露出更多的强酸位和活性位,有利于提高催化剂的NH_3吸附和活化能力及氧化还原性能,从而使催化剂呈现出更高的低温SCR活性.BET和XPS分析表明,在较低的焙烧温度下,Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂具有更大的比表面积和更高的化学吸附氧比例,促进NO氧化为中间产物NO_2,从而加快低温SCR反应的进行.活性测试结果表明,300℃焙烧的Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂具有最佳的低温活性和较强的抗硫抗水性能,在空速为40000 h~(-1)的条件下,且反应温度为190~240℃时,NO转化率达90%以上且N_2选择性接近100%.     

Effect of chromium oxide as active site over TiO2-PILC for selective catalytic oxidation of NO

This study introduced TiO2-pillared clays （TiO2-PILC） as a support for the catalytic oxidation of NO and analyzed the performance of chromium oxides as the active site of the oxidation process. Cr-based catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method. It was found that the 10 wt.% chromium doping on the support achieved the best catalytic activity. At 350℃, the NO conversion was 61% under conditions of GHSV = 23600 hr^-l. The BET data showed that the support particles had a mesoporous structure. Hz-TPR showed that Cr（10）TiP （10 wt.% Cr doping on TiO2-PILC） clearly exhibited a smooth single peak. EPR and XPS were used to elucidate the oxidation process. During the NO ＋ O2 adsorption, the intensity of evolution of superoxide ions （O2^-） increased. The content of Cr^3＋ on the surface of the used catalyst was 40.37%, but when the used catalyst continued adsorbing NO, the Cr^3＋ increased to 50.28%. Additionally, Oα/Oβ increased markedly through the oxidation process. The NO conversion decreased when SO2 was added into the system, but when the SO2 was removed, the catalytic activity recovered almost up to the initial level. FT-IR spectra did not show a distinct characteristic peak of SO4^2-.     

Mn/TiO2和Mn-Ce/TiO2低温脱硝催化剂的抗硫性研究

在低温选择性催化还原(SCR)反应条件下考察了烟气残余SO2对Mn/TiO2和Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原活性的影响,同时对SO2的影响机理进行了探讨.结果发现,Mn/TiO2催化剂在SO2反应气氛中失活很快,硫铵盐的沉积和活性组分的硫酸化是催化剂失活的重要原因;Ce的加入可以有效地抑制催化剂活性组分的硫酸化,同时还能降低硫酸盐在催化剂表面的稳定性,从而可以提高催化剂的抗硫性.     

金属改性对SAPO-34低温还原NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备金属改性SAPO-34分子筛催化剂,分析比较了不同单金属（Cu或Co）及不同比例双金属（Cu：Co=1：1、3：1、5：1,质量比）改性催化剂对NO的催化还原性能,评价了不同催化剂的N₂选择性,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积测试、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、NH₃-程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能进行了分析.结果表明,单金属Cu改性催化剂具有较宽的温度区间,在250~450℃范围内NO的转化率始终保持在100%;双金属改性使NO转化率保持为100%的最低温度下降了25~50℃,显著拓宽了低温段窗口,其中,Cu₃Co₁/SAPO-34催化剂的低温催化还原性能最好,200℃即可实现100%的NO转化率,175℃下的转化率也高达80%以上.Cu-Co双金属改性SAPO-34分子筛催化剂具有优异的低温催化还原NO性能,具有在机动车尾气、工业废气的低温脱硝治理领域应用的潜力.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.