膨润土颗粒对多壁碳纳米管在饱和多孔介质中迁移的影响

选用石英砂填充柱模拟土壤体系,通过对比在有无膨润土颗粒(Bentonite particles)存在时得到的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的穿透曲线和滞留曲线,考察膨润土颗粒对MWCNTs在多孔介质中迁移沉积行为的影响.实验选取的Na Cl溶液离子强度为1 mmol·L-1和30 mmol·L-1,Ca Cl2溶液离子强度为0.3 mmol·L-1和1.2 mmol·L-1.溶液p H不进行调节,p H值大约为5.6.研究结果表明,在低离子强度Na Cl(1 mmol·L-1)溶液中,有膨润土颗粒共存时MWCNTs的穿透曲线和滞留曲线与没有膨润土颗粒共存时相近,表明该条件下MWCNTs的迁移和沉积行为不受膨润土颗粒影响,而在高离子强度Na Cl(30 mmol·L-1)溶液中,有膨润土颗粒共存时MWCNTs的穿透曲线低于没有膨润土颗粒共存时MWCNTs的穿透曲线,表明该条件下膨润土颗粒会抑制MWCNTs的迁移,且增加的滞留主要发生在柱子入口端;在Ca Cl2溶液中,无论离子强度的高低(0.3 mmol·L-1和1.2 mmol·L-1),有膨润土颗粒共存时,MWCNTs的穿透曲线和滞留曲线都不发生变化,说明在二价溶液中膨润土颗粒对MWCNTs的迁移和沉积行为影响不大.     

Analytical solutions of three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media: A library

The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields.     

Empirical equation for transverse dispersion coefficient based on theoretical background in river bends

There are different approaches to estimating the transverse dispersion coefficient in river mixing. Theoretical approaches have derived the dispersion coefficient from the concept of shear flow, which has dominant effects on the transverse mixing. Empirical approaches have developed an equation using the hydraulic and geometric data of rivers through dimensional analysis and regression techniques. These two equations interact closely with each other. For example, the complicated theoretical equation can be simplified by empirical approaches, and the functional relationships of the empirical equation can be derived from theoretical bases. In this study, a new empirical equation for the transverse dispersion coefficient has been developed based on the theoretical background in river bends. As a regression method, the least-square iterative method was used because the equation was a nonlinear model. The estimated dispersion coefficients derived by the new equation were compared with observed transverse dispersion coefficients acquired from natural rivers and coefficients calculated by the other existing empirical equations. From a comparison of the existing transverse dispersion equations and the proposed equation, it appears that the behavior of the existing formula in a relative sense is very much dependent on the flow condition and the river geometry. Moreover, the proposed equation does not vary widely according to variation of flow conditions. Also, it was revealed that the equation proposed in this study becomes an asymptotic curve as the curvature effect increases.     

石墨基复合材料负载零价纳米铁吸附重金属离子的研究进展

工业废水中重金属的存在威胁着环境和人类健康,有效去除环境中的重金属离子具有重要意义.论文简要介绍了近年来石墨基复合材料负载纳米零价铁(nZVI)去除废水中重金属离子的研究,探讨了多种石墨基负载nZVI复合材料对重金属离子的吸附特性和环境条件对吸附性能的影响因素,并对其未来的研究和应用进行了总结和展望.     

基于分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定沉积物中大环内酯类抗生素

采用分散固相萃取与超高效液相色谱串联质谱技术,建立了快速测定沉积物中9种大环内酯类抗生素(螺旋霉素、阿奇霉素、替米考星、竹桃霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素、罗红霉素和交沙霉素)的检测方法.沉积物经磷酸盐缓冲液和乙腈混合液浸提,再经过石墨化炭黑和C18硅胶分散固相萃取材料净化.采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪(UPLC-M...     

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Environmental Fluid Mechanics - In this reply the assumption of the mixing velocity $$w_m$$ assumed in the original paper by Kundu is clarified. As a first approximation, Kundu’s choice can...     

淹水还原作用下土壤镉的吸附与解吸特征的初步探讨

利用黄棕壤发育的水稻土(pH6.53),设置6个不同处理恒温(25±0.1)℃培养20d,初步探讨了3种还原强度土壤对Cd的吸附和解吸特征。试验数据显示:强度还原土壤,Eh和pH降低并稳定在-474mV和5.02水平,Cd吸附率由开始时的99.96%下降到94.70%,Cd解吸率平均为90.01%;中度还原土壤,Eh下降至-90mV左右,pH略有上升,Cd吸附率和解吸率平均分别为99.96%和66.09%;氧化态土壤的Eh、pH和Cd解吸率变化都比较小,平均分别为400.4mV、6.11和46.78%。此结果表明,处于不同还原状况下的土壤表面对Cd吸附和解吸有所差别;强度还原土壤对外源Cd的吸附率小于中度还原土壤对外源Cd的吸附率;土壤吸附外源Cd的解吸率,由大到小的次序依次为强度还原土壤,中度还原土壤,氧化状态土壤;还原程度越强,土壤对Cd的吸附率越低,Cd的解吸率也越高;还原条件下土壤Eh、pH、交换性亚铁和水溶性有机质含量是影响土壤Cd吸附和解吸的主要因素。     

六价铬在具有渗透性反应墙的渗流槽中迁移实验研究

地下水中六价铬的污染修复是目前地下水污染修复研究的热点课题之一。以室内模拟为基础,进行了六价铬[Cr（Ⅵ）]随水流迁移的渗流槽实验,以及利用课题组研发的新型壳聚糖材料填充渗透性反应墙（PRB）,进行六价铬吸附试验研究。结果表明：在重金属迁移实验中,地下水的流速是影响Cr（Ⅵ）在含水层中迁移的主要因素,含水层介质的变化都会对Cr（Ⅵ）的迁移发生重要的影响。实验过程中,从进水口到出水口各个取样点依次出现Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值,并且随着时间的延长,质量浓度峰值没有减少的趋势,证明了Cr（Ⅵ）在含水介质中基本上没有吸附。Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值在含水介质中的持续时间不长,由于弥散作用造成了在相当长的时间内的较明显的拖尾现象。模拟渗透性反应墙的实验中,在同样的流速条件下,Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值的出现时间相对先前的实验有明显滞后,并且质量浓度也有明显的减少,说明新型壳聚糖材料对Cr（Ⅵ）有较高的吸附作用,再达到质量浓度的峰值后,墙体后面的采样口中Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度减少的更为平缓,说明随着水流的流动,吸附在壳聚糖材料上的Cr（Ⅵ）有缓慢的析出。     

Longshore sediment transport in the surf zone based on different formulae: a case study along the central west coast of India

Understanding longshore sediment transport (LST) is a prerequisite for designing an effective coastal zone management strategy. The present study estimates the LST along the central west coast of India based on four bulk LST formulae: (1) the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) formula, (2) the Walton and Bruno formula, (3) the Kamphuis formula and (4) the Komar formula. The Delft3D–wave module is used for estimating nearshore waves with measured directional wave data at a water depth of 9 m as the input parameter. Wave data for the validation of the nearshore wave transformation model is measured using the InterOcean S4DW wave gauge. The model results show that waves approach from the south 90 % of the time in a year and that they generate predominantly northerly longshore currents. Upon comparison with the measured data, the findings show that the estimates based on the Kamphuis formula agree with the field data. A high ratio (~1) of the monthly net and gross transport rates indicates that the LST is dominating in one direction in all months except February and July. The study shows that a slight change in the angle of the wave approach during the Asian summer monsoon period (JJAS) can significantly alter the direction and magnitude of the LST. Inter-annual variations in the LST based on the data for 2009 and 2011 show that the variations in the annual net and gross LST rates in different years are less than 7 %.