重庆地下热水径流特征研究

重庆地下热水资源丰富,但对其径流特征缺乏研究,盲目开采致使许多温泉泉流量减小、水温降低,甚至断流、枯竭。为指导地下热水的科学开采,文章对重庆地下热水的常规化学组分及同位素组分特征进行了研究,分析了地下热水补给、径流条件,指出大气降水为其补给源,补给区在重庆以北大巴山及华莹山背斜华莹山和铜锣峡背斜北端的岩溶露头区,嘉陵江组(T1j)为其储水层,地下热水主要沿背斜T1j地层由北往南流,同一背斜地下热水由北到南为一个统一的热水系统。     

开封凹陷区地热水水化学特征及同位素分析

在分析开封凹陷区地热地质条件的基础上,利用水化学资料对凹陷区内地下热水的水化学组分特征进行了分析,并对其地热水进行了医疗热矿水质量评价;同时,利用大气降水和地热水稳定同位素资料,确定了凹陷区内热储层中地热水的来源为区外的西部山区的大气降水,利用地热水放射性同位素资料估算了凹陷区地热水的年龄,并据此得出各热储层间无明显的水力联系。该研究成果可为开封凹陷区地热流体的合理开发利用提供依据。     

基于水文地球化学信息和环境同位素的地下热水成因分析

以海南省乐东县福报地热田内分布的基岩热水井为研究对象,利用水文地球化学信息和环境同位素技术分析地下热水的形成机制。结果显示,本区地下热水以高偏硅酸、低矿化度为特征,水化类型为HCO_3-Ca型。氢氧同位素特征、Cl-SO_4-HCO_3及Na-K-Mg三线图表明,本区地下热水主要来源于大气降水,受地壳深部地热水影响较少。地下热水中~3H、~(14)C同位素年龄测定结果表明区域地下热水不存在大尺度的径流模型,且在出露过程中混入了常温水。     

桂南地下热水系统中氟的分布及迁移富集规律

选取广西桂南地区地下热水系统为研究对象,利用氢氧同位素及锶同位素研究手段,对研究区内地下热水中氟的空间分布规律及其控制因素进行研究。结果表明:研究区内地下热水中氟含量变化范围为0.01~17.93mg/L,其中43%地下水样品中氟含量超过饮用水氟骨症临界值1.5mg/L,高氟地下热水的主要水化学类型为Na-HCO3型,水体中氟含量与温度呈明显正相关性;地下热水氢氧同位素特征显示,研究区地下热水的主要来源为大气降水,同时受一定程度蒸发浓缩及水-岩作用影响,地下热水锶同位素特征显示,研究区地下热水水化学组成明显受长石、云母等铝硅酸盐风化及碳酸盐岩溶解影响;对地下热水水化学开展的因子分析结果显示,研究区地下热水系统中影响氟迁移释放的主要因素为萤石的溶解与沉淀过程。     

桂南地区含氟地下热水的水文地球化学特征

为探究桂南地区含氟地下热水的水文地球化学特征,对桂南地区出露的温泉点和地热钻孔进行了两次调查和水样采集工作,分析了地下热水中各水化学指标、微量元素和氟(F-)含量,并探讨了影响高氟地下热水形成的地质环境因素。结果表明:(1)桂南地区地下热水主要有SO_4-HCO_3-Ca型、HCO_3-Ca型、Cl-Na和SO_4-Na型以及HCO_3-Na型4种水化学类型;(2)地下热水中微量元素Rb、Cs、Li、Sc、SiO_2的含量与水温具有较好的正相关关系,根据地下热水中这几种微量元素的含量可大致确定地热异常区;(3)地下热水中有利于氟富集的条件包括强烈的蒸发作用、降雨淋溶作用、高温、碱性pH值、低Ca~(2+)含量、高Na~+含量。     

西藏萨迦冲曲流域地下热水成因及工程效应分析

拟建中尼铁路途经西藏萨迦县和拉孜县,地热灾害是拟建中尼铁路工程建设过程中可能遇到的地质工程问题之一。通过计算离子比例系数,绘制Gibbs图、Na-K-Mg三角图和SiO_2溶解度曲线,分析了研究区地下热水的水化学特征及其水文地球化学演化过程的主要控制因素,并根据氢氧同位素数据分析了研究区地下热水的补给来源,基于此对拟建中尼铁路工程建设提出了合理的热害防治措施。结果表明:卡乌地下热水的水化学类型为Cl-Na型,曲参岗地下热水为Cl·HCO_3-Na型,锡钦地下热水为HCO_3-Na·Ca型;研究区地下热水水化学组分的形成普遍受到硅酸盐矿物溶解的影响,其中卡乌、曲参岗地下热水的水化学组成主要受蒸发/沉淀作用的影响,锡钦地下热水的优势离子受蒸发/沉淀作用和水-岩相互作用共同的影响;卡乌地下热水为40年以前的"古水"占优势的水,锡钦地下热水为新近入渗水和古水的混合水;萨迦县卡乌地热水具有腐蚀性,且卡乌泉口出露温度达到当地沸点,为高温地热资源,隧道工程必须绕避卡乌温泉区。     

浅谈秦皇岛地区新构造运动的表现与特征

本文揭示了秦皇岛地区新构造运动在地貌、河流、第四纪沉积物和地下热水等方面的表现。进而分析本区新构造运动的基本特征,多属继承老构造重新活动,以垂直升降变主,且具普遍性、间歇性和不均衡性。     

云南昌宁玉地里温泉水文地球化学特征及形成模式

以水化学及同位素技术为基础,对昌宁县玉地里温泉的地质及地热特征进行了研究,并取得了一些重要的认识.通过对比研究该温泉地下热水1980年和2012年的水文地球化学数据,发现经过30多年的循环演化,其水化学类型仍为HCO3-Na型.δD和δ18O同位素为该温泉首次获得,数据显示地下热水具有现代大气降水的氢氧同位素组成特征,属断裂带对流型深循环低温地下热水系统,其补给源区位于东部和南部山区,热储层和盖层的构造及岩性特征与地下热水的深循环和化学组成有着密切联系.     

水力通风换热机温升效应数值研究

针对我国越来越多的金属矿山进入深部开采且遭遇地下热害和通风困难双重影响,提出了利用温差能驱动深井通风的新方法,采用水力通风换热机将地下热水的势能和热能转换为风流的动能和内能。在利用对流换热将水的热能转移到风流的过程中,推导了换热机风量大小计算公式,并用MATLAB软件对换热机风流升温效果进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:风流温度与换热高度呈现线性正相关关系,其升温效果与地下热水水头、换热机进风温度、地下热水温度3种因素呈现正相关关系,且影响因素排序为地下热水水头>换热机进风温度>地下热水温度;换热机在热水水头为260m、地热水温度为55℃、空气初始温度为24℃的外在条件下,风量达54 m3/s,出风温度约为34℃。     

江西永修云山易家河地热资源地质特征

易家河地下热水属于复合型的中低温医疗热矿水（水温43℃～61.3℃）.热储形态简单,呈带状分布,埋深浅且规模大.易家河地热区的形成主要与中新生代以来深层构造变异带的构造岩浆活动有关.     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.