阳离子交换树脂对NH4+的吸附热力学与动力学研究

采用静态吸附法,研究了NH4+在阳离子交换树脂上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学两方面对吸附过程进行了分析.结果表明,NH4+为200～1000 mg/L时,强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×7的NH4+吸附容量大于D001、D113树脂;在实验温度下,采用Langmuir吸咐等温模式能够更好地描述NH4+在001×7树脂上的静态吸附行为,001×7树脂对NH4+的交换吸附属于单分子层吸附;常温(25℃)时,001×7树脂吸附NH4+过程的焓变(△H)大于零,说明NH4+进入树脂后与H+的交换反应为吸热反应,升温有利于反应的进行,此吸附过程的熵变(△S)也大于零,说明该离子交换过程属于熵增的过程,此吸附过程的吉布斯自由能变(△G)小于零,说明该离子交换过程能够自发进行;吸附动力学研究表明,液膜扩散是001×7树脂对NH4+吸附的限速步骤,吸附交换过程符合Lagergren准一级动力学方程;4％(质量分数)NaOH溶液较适合作为001×7树脂的再生液,经过5次再生后,001×7树脂的吸附量只下降了8.8％.     

羟肟酸功能化PMMA/AM/HOA的合成及对Hg~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

用悬浮聚合法合成了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)的共聚物PMMA/AM,再经羟胺改性制备了含羟肟酸功能基的改性PMMA/AM/HOA树脂。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TG)对PMMA/AM/HOA树脂的结构和稳定性进行了表征。以PMMA/AM/HOA为吸附剂,考察了温度、吸附时间、pH值和金属离子浓度等条件对Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)两种金属离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,改性树脂对Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)具有良好的吸附能力,其实验吸附量分别为0.822和0.384 mmol·g~(-1)。改性树脂对Hg~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,25℃时其二级动力学吸附速率常数分别为5.301×10~(-2)和3.582×10~(-2)g·(mmol·min)~(-1);改性树脂对Hg~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量随温度的升高有所增大,吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式。     

活性炭吸附-超临界CO2解吸附四氯乙烯的特性研究

应用Boyd理论研究了活性炭吸附水中四氯乙烯(PCE)的吸附速率以及超临界CO2萃取PCE饱和活性炭的解吸附速率.结果表明,在0.5～48.0 h内,吸附速率曲线具有直线相关关系,R2=0.996 0,其吸附速率可用粒内扩散系数Di表示,Di=4.00×1010cm2/s;在超临界CO2解吸附过程中,在1～5 min内,时间与解吸附率存在直线相关关系,R2=0.947 5,其解吸附速率用粒内扩散系数Di/SF表示,Di/SF=-5.19×10-5cm2/s,比Di大105倍,说明超临界流体具有优越的传输性能;用Boyd理论可粗略描述活性炭吸附-超临界CO2解吸附PCE的过程.     

活性焦吸附处理一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水

一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水是一种具有高毒性、难降解的火炸药废水。以活性焦为吸附剂,研究了活性焦对MNT废水中COD的吸附性能及pH、时间、温度和活性焦用量对吸附效果的影响,并分析了吸附前后MNT废水水质和急性毒性的变化。实验结果表明,pH、时间和活性焦用量是影响吸附效果的主要因素,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学,吸附速率常数为1.01×10-2g/(mg·min),可以用Freundlich吸附等温线来描述,等温线常数为Kf=1.14×10-4,n=0.58;在pH为3,温度为20℃,活性焦用量为80g/L的条件下吸附MNT废水3 h,COD的去除率达到72.0%,急性毒性下降了98.6%,表明活性焦能有效地吸附处理MNT废水。     

001×14.5离子交换树脂对镍(Ⅱ)的吸附

实验采用离子交换树脂法吸附镍(Ⅱ),树脂选型确定了强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×14.5对镍(Ⅱ)吸附容量最大.用所选的001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)的过程,静态吸附实验表明,转速大于100 r/min时,对树脂吸附的影响可忽略,即基本消除外扩散,pH =7.0时吸附最佳,镍(Ⅱ)吸附率随树脂用量的增加而增大;001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,且为优惠吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程活化能为E=30.9 kJ/mol,由颗粒内扩散控制;用1 mol/L的硫酸对吸附饱和树脂进行脱附再生,脱附率可达98％以上.     

离子交换树脂处理二甲胺废水的研究

通过ZGSPC106型树脂对水中二甲胺(DMA)的静态吸附、动态吸附和解吸试验,探讨了溶液pH、初始浓度、温度和流速等对树脂吸附DMA的影响以及合适的再生条件。结果表明,该树脂对DMA有较强的吸附能力,293K下树脂的静态饱和吸附量为138.89mg/g;动态吸附试验表明,进液流速为20mL/min较为适宜;以2mol/L的HCl溶液为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为10mL/min条件下,4倍树脂体积的HCl溶液对饱和树脂的洗脱率达90%以上;该树脂具有良好的稳定性,可多次重复利用。     

改性树脂对β-萘磺酸的吸附性能

将D301树脂与FeCl3-NaOH体系反应进行改性,制备一种改性树脂作为吸附剂,吸附去除废水中的β-萘磺酸的研究。通过SEM技术对改性树脂进行了结构表征;考察了pH值、吸附时间和温度因素对改性树脂吸附β-萘磺酸的影响:最佳的实验条件pH值为3、反应时间为7 h、温度为298 K,且最大吸附量达778 mg/g。改性树脂对β-萘磺酸的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程;热力学实验数据:ΔG<0,ΔH<0,该吸附过程为放热、自发过程;吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

芒果核壳炭的制备及对水中Cr~(6+)的吸附

以芒果核壳为原料通过H3PO4活化制备了新型的吸附剂H3PO4-C。考察了影响该吸附剂对水体中Cr(VI)的去除效果的因素,并研究了吸附动力学特征和吸附过程控制机理。结果表明,芒果壳生物质炭对Cr(VI)具有良好的吸附能力,在25℃下,较佳的吸附条件为:当投加量为3 g·L~(-1),Cr(VI)初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1),溶液p H值为3时,吸附5h,去除率为93.8%。准一级、准二级动力学模型用来拟合吸附过程,结果表明,准二级动力学符合该吸附过程,吸附速率常数为0.001 3 g·(mg·min)-1。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型描述吸附等温过程,结果说明,该吸附过程服从Langmuir吸附,饱和吸附量为28.571 mg·g-1,内扩散为该吸附过程的限速步骤,内扩散系数D=4.21×10-9cm2·s-1。     

给水厂污泥吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

采用给水厂污泥对浓度为100 mg/L的模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行了吸附性能的研究.结果表明,给水厂污泥可吸附处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,吸附量可达0.89 mg/g.动力学研究结果表明,给水厂污泥对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附速率常数(k2)为3.48×10-3g/(mg·min);热力学研究结果表明,吸附过...     

新型TCAS吸附树脂对水中Cd~(2+)的吸附去除研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究一种由超分子受体化合物磺化硫杂杯芳烃(TCAS)与树脂结合的产物--新型TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd2+的吸附去除性能,并初步探讨了吸附机理.试验研究结果表明,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd2+的饱和吸附量为14.45 mg/g.当温度为20℃,0.5 g TCAS吸附树脂对10 mL浓度为5 mg/L的Cd2+溶液吸附60 min时,Cd2+的去除率可达到99%以上.pH值是影响TCAS吸附树脂吸附效果的重要因素,在pH=5～9时,Cd2+的去除率随着pH值的升高而增大.在试验范围内,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd2+吸附符合Freundlich方程.吸附在TCAS吸附树脂上的Cd2+可洗脱回收,TCAS吸附树脂也可再生利用.TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd2+的吸附机理主要归因于TCAS对Cd2+的络合作用.     

Kinetics and isotherm analysis of Tropaeoline 000 adsorption onto unsaturated polyester resin (UPR): a non-carbon adsorbent

The presence of dyes in water is undesirable due to the toxicological impact of their entrance into the food chain. Owing to the recalcitrant nature of dyes to biological oxidation, a tertiary treatment like adsorption is required. In the present study, unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) has been used as a sorbent in the treatment of dye-contaminated water. Different concentrations of Tropaeoline 000 containing water were treated with UPR. The preliminary investigations were carried out by batch adsorption to examine the effects of pH, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. A plausible mechanism for the ongoing adsorption process and thermodynamic parameters have also been obtained from Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameter showed that the sorption process of Tropaeoline 000 onto activated carbon (AC) and UPR were feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic under studied conditions. The estimated values for (ΔG) are ?10.48?×?10³ and ?6.098?×?10³ kJ mol^?1 over AC and UPR at 303 K (30 °C), indicating towards a spontaneous process. The adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order model. The mass transfer property of the sorption process was studied using Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetic models. The values of % removal and k _ad for dye systems were calculated at different temperatures (303–323 K). The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model.     

Decomposition of phenylarsonic acid by AOP processes: degradation rate constants and by-products

The paper presents results of the studies photodegradation, photooxidation, and oxidation of phenylarsonic acid (PAA) in aquatic solution. The water solutions, which consist of 2.7 g dm^?3 phenylarsonic acid, were subjected to advance oxidation process (AOP) in UV, UV/H₂O₂, UV/O₃, H₂O₂, and O₃ systems under two pH conditions. Kinetic rate constants and half-life of phenylarsonic acid decomposition reaction are presented. The results from the study indicate that at pH 2 and 7, PAA degradation processes takes place in accordance with the pseudo first order kinetic reaction. The highest rate constants (10.45?×?10^?3 and 20.12?×?10^?3) and degradation efficiencies at pH 2 and 7 were obtained at UV/O₃ processes. In solution, after processes, benzene, phenol, acetophenone, o-hydroxybiphenyl, p-hydroxybiphenyl, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and biphenyl were identified.     

Rapid and efficient removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by the one-pot synthesized EDTA-modified magnetic nanoparticles

A facile one-pot process has been proposed to prepare the novel ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles (EDTA-MNPs). The bared Fe₃O₄ magnetite nanoparticles and EDTA-MNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, VSM, and X-ray diffraction. The application of the modified magnetite nanoparticles for metal ion uptake was studied using Ni²⁺ as a model. The adsorption was fast and the equilibrium was established within 5 min, and the adsorption kinetics of Ni²⁺ onto EDTA-MNPs followed the pseudo second-order chemisorption mechanism. Maximum adsorption capacity for Ni²⁺ reached as high as 41.3 mg/g at pH 6. The successive adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the EDTA-MNPs kept the adsorption and desorption efficiencies constant over ten cycles. Importantly, EDTA-MNPs were able to remove nearly 100 % of Ni²⁺ from real water.     

Investigating the potential of functionalized MCM-41 on adsorption of Remazol Red dye

The modification of MCM-41 was performed with 3-aminopropropyltrimethoxysilane. The structural order and textural properties of the synthesized materials were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and desorption analysis. The adsorption capacity of NH₂-MCM-41 was studied with Remazol Red dye. The following parameters were studied in the adsorption process: pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration. The desorption process was studied in different concentrations of NaOH solutions. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be fit with the equilibrium isotherm data. Kinetics of adsorption follows the modified Avrami rate equation. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 45.9 mg?g^?1, with removal of the dye of 99.1 %. The NH₂-MCM-41 material exhibited high desorption capacity with 98.1 %.     

三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂制备的高吸水树脂对重金属的吸附

以前期工作中合成的树脂PAANa-TE为吸附剂进行重金属吸附测试,考察吸附剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、吸附时间、溶液pH、初始浓度和吸附温度对树脂吸附重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+性能的影响,用原子吸收分光光度计测定了树脂吸附Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+后的残留浓度,树脂对4种金属离子的吸附容量分别为21.59、2.39、5.66和4.98 mmol/g,吸附容量大小为Cu2+Cr3+Co2+Pb2+,吸附速率顺序为Cr3+Pb2+Cu2+Co2+。结果表明,该树脂对高浓度重金属离子有较快速,高效率的吸附,吸附过程在100 min左右吸附容量达到最大,并用不同浓度的酸对吸附重金属离子的树脂进行脱附处理,脱附量很小,据此可考虑进一步对金属离子进行回收处理。且脱附率较低,因此,可对工业化和城市化进程所产生的各种化学形态的重金属水体污染物造成的生态环境和质量问题起到重要的改善作用。     

酸碱溶液改性竹基活性炭生物降解H2S

对竹基活性炭采用酸、碱溶液浸渍的方法改性,并用化学和表面形态分析等表征方法测试了其改性前后的特性,研究了不同溶液对改性竹基活性炭在微生物挂膜和滴滤塔去除H2S方面的影响。研究结果表明,用10％NaOH溶液改性后的竹基活性炭较未改性的竹基活性炭碱性基团含量增加了0．614mmol／L,平衡含水率增加了6．08％,碘吸附值增加了29．6mL／g,这些物化性能的改变更有利于生物竹基活性炭去除H2S。对比5种改性方法对生物降解H2S性能的影响,在H2S人口浓度为150～4500mg／m^3、循环液喷淋量0．2L／h、pH6．5—7．5、气体停留时间66s的条件下,经NaOH溶液改性后的竹基活性炭,对H2S的去除率达93．4％以上,效果好于其他改性方法的竹基活性炭。     

Effect of deposit age on adsorption and desorption behaviors of ammonia nitrogen on municipal solid waste

Ammonia nitrogen pollution control is an urgent issue of landfill. This research aims to select an optimal refuse for ammonia nitrogen removal in landfill from the point of view of adsorption and desorption behavior. MSW (municipal solid waste) samples which deposit ages were in the range of 5 to 15 years (named as R₁₅, R₁₁, R₇, and R₅) were collected from real landfill site. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption behaviors of MSW including equilibrium time, adsorption isotherms, and desorption behaviors including equilibrium time were determined. Furthermore, the effects of pH, OM, Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) on adsorption and desorption behavior of ammonia nitrogen were conducted by orthogonal experiment. The equilibrium time of ammonia nitrogen adsorption by each tested MSW was very short, i.e., 20 min, whereas desorption process needed 24 h and the ammonia nitrogen released from refuses was much lesser than that adsorbed, i.e., accounted for 3.20 % (R₁₅), 14.32 % (R₁₁), 20.59 % (R₇), and 20.50 % (R₅) of each adsorption quantity, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated from Langmuir isotherm appeared in R₁₅-KCl, i.e., 25,000 mg kg^?1. The best condition for ammonia nitrogen removal from leachate was pH >7.5, OM 23.58 %, Cu(II) <5 mg L^?1, Zn(II) <10 mg L^?1, and Pb(II) <1 mg L^?1. Ammonia nitrogen in landfill leachate could be quickly and largely absorbed by MSW but slowly and infrequently released. The refuse deposited for 15 years could be a suitable material for ammonia nitrogen removal.     

Adsorption of ammonium on biochar prepared from giant reed

Giant reed was used as precursor for making biochar in order for the adsorption of NH₄ ⁺–N from aqueous solution. And the adsorption of the product to NH₄ ⁺–N was examined. The surface features of biochar were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns showed several peaks and correspond to the high amount of crystalline material. The crystals contain KCl, K₂O, CaO, MgO, and SiO and possess high surface area which enhances adsorption. The influence of different parameters such as initial concentration, adsorption time, pH, and ionic strength has been carried out. The adsorption could reach equilibrium through 24 h reaction and had the best adsorption amount at the solution pH values from 7 to 9. The cation has great influence on the adsorption of NH₄ ⁺–N, whereas the anion exerted a weaker effect. The adsorption followed pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. And the intraparticle diffusion and desorption studies further elucidated that the mechanism of adsorption on the product was ion exchange. The product equilibrium data was well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities were 1.490 mg/g. Biochar derived from giant reed at 500 °C was suggested as a promising adsorbent for the removal of NH₄ ⁺–N from slightly polluted wastewater.     

Regeneration of spent TiO2 nanoparticles for Pb (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) removal

Spent sorbents in water treatment processes have potential risks to the environment if released without proper treatment. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential regeneration of commercially prepared nano-TiO₂ (anatase) for the removal of Pb (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) by pH 2 and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions. The percent of metal adsorption/desorption decreased with the increasing number of regeneration cycles, and the extent of decrease varied for each metal. Competitive effects were observed for the adsorption/desorption of different metals when the nano-TiO₂ was regenerated by EDTA solutions. Nano-TiO₂ was able to treat simulated metal polluted water with greater than 94 % adsorption and greater than 92 % desorption after four cycles of regeneration using pH 2 solution. These results demonstrated that nano-TiO₂ can be regenerated and reused using pH 2 solution compared to an EDTA solution for aquatic metal removal, which makes nanosorbents promising and economically and environmentally more attractive in the application of water purification.     

A simple method to prepare magnetic modified beer yeast and its application for cationic dye adsorption

The purpose of this research is to use a simple method to prepare magnetic modified biomass with good adsorption performances for cationic ions. The magnetic modified biomass was prepared by two steps: (1) preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified biomass in N, N-dimethylacetamide solution and (2) preparation of magnetic PMDA modified biomass by a situ co-precipitation method under the assistance of ultrasound irradiation in ammonia water. The adsorption potential of the as-prepared magnetic modified biomass was analyzed by using cationic dyes: methylene blue and basic magenta as model dyes. Optical micrograph and x-ray diffraction analyses showed that Fe₃O₄ particles were precipitated on the modified biomass surface. The as-prepared biosorbent could be recycled easily by using an applied magnetic field. Titration analysis showed that the total concentration of the functional groups on the magnetic PMDA modified biomass was calculated to be 0.75 mmol g^?1 by using the first derivative method. The adsorption capacities (q _m) of the magnetic PMDA modified biomass for methylene blue and basic magenta were 609.0 and 520.9 mg g^?1, respectively, according to the Langmuir equation. Kinetics experiment showed that adsorption could be completed within 150 min for both dyes. The desorption experiment showed that the magnetic sorbent could be used repeatedly after regeneration. The as-prepared magnetic modified sorbent had a potential in the dyeing industry wastewater treatment.