应用遥感技术监测珠江口大气状况

采用航天遥感技术方法对广东珠江口区域大气污染物分布进行宏观的面状调查，分析了卫星遥感像元信息构成的物理机制。通过实验证明，像元信息可概化为土壤、植被、水体等基本信息类型的线性集合与污染气体信息的简单叠加，用多波段卫星遥感数据，经公式计算，从美国陆地卫星5号的数据直接定量提取区域大气污染气体累加浓度的信息表明，该污染信息将对珠江口大气污染状况有较客观、形象地再现。     

城市大气自动监测系统监测资料的处理及其应用

本文讨论城市大气自动监测系统资料处理及其应用的某些问题。总结了对数正态分布、指数分布、Г分布和Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布等分布模型对监测资料分布拟合的适用性及分布模型拟合判别指标。介绍了监测资料在监测时空代表性分析、污染物浓度预防研究方面的应用途径。     

A framework for investigating the air quality variation characteristics based on the monitoring data: Case study for Beijing during 2013–2016

In this study, an analysis framework based on the regular monitoring data was proposed for investigating the annual/inter-annual air quality variation and the contributions from different factors(i.e., seasons, pollution periods and airflow directions), through a case study in Beijing from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations(MC) of PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO had decreased with annual mean ratios of 7.5%, 28.6%, 4.6%and 15.5% from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Among seasons, the MC in winter contributed the largest fractions(25.8%～46.4%) to the annual MC, and the change of MC in summer contributed most to the inter-annual MC variation(IMCV) of PM_(2.5) and NO2. For different pollution periods, gradually increase of frequency of S-1(PM_(2.5), 0～ 75 μg/m~3) made S-1 become the largest contributor(28.8%) to the MC of PM_(2.5) in 2016, it had a negative contribution(-13.1%) to the IMCV of PM_(2.5); obvious decreases of frequencies of heavily polluted and severely polluted dominated(44.7% and 39.5%) the IMCV of PM_(2.5). For different airflow directions, the MC of pollutants under the south airflow had the most significant decrease(22.5%～62.5%), and those decrease contributed most to the IMCV of PM_(2.5)(143.3%),SO2(72.0%), NO_2(55.5%) and CO(190.3%); the west airflow had negative influences to the IMCV of PM_(2.5), NO_2 and CO. The framework is helpful for further analysis and utilization of the large amounts of monitoring data; and the analysis results can provide scientific supports for the formulation or adjustment of further air pollution mitigation policy.     

徐州市空气质量预测预报中的气象因素影响分析

利用2014年徐州市环境监测中心站SO2,NO2,PM10和PM2.5质量浓度的逐日监测资料及同期徐州市气象局的常规气象观测资料,分析了徐州市空气质量的现状及变化特征,探讨了SO2,NO2,PM10和PM2.5浓度与气象条件的关系。结果表明：徐州市空气质量以良和轻度污染为主,夏、秋季的空气质量好于冬、春季,冬季空气质量最差;较大的降水量过后,空气质量类别为优或者良,降水量较小时,污染物去除效果不明显;风速越大,越有利于污染物的扩散;雾和灰霾天气条件下,空气质量较差。     

Overview of current regional and local scale air quality modelling practices: Assessment and planning tools in the EU

The 2008 European Air Quality Directive (AQD) (2008/50/EC) encourages the use of models in combination with monitoring in a range of applications. It also requires Member States to design appropriate air quality plans for zones where the air quality does not comply with the AQD limit values. In order to cope with these various elements, a wide range of different modeling methods have been developed and applied by EU Member States in the last decade to assess the effects of local and regional emission abatement policy options on air quality and human health. However, an overall review of the methodologies that are used in different countries to compile local and regional air quality plans has not been performed so far. Such a review has been the objective of the APPRAISAL EU FP7 project with the main goal to identify methodologies and their limitations and to propose possible key areas to be addressed by research and innovation on the basis of this review. To fulfill these objectives, a structured online database of methodologies has been developed in collaboration with experts involved in the design of air quality plans (AQP). The current work relies on the APPRAISAL database which currently totals 59 contributions from 13 Member States. In this paper we summarize the outcome of the APPRAISAL project with respect to the review of current Integrated Assessment Modeling practices.     

铁岭市空气日报及预报的相关性研究

本文采用了空气污染指数进行评价空气质量,确定铁岭市空气质量日报、预报。根据空气污染指数值确定空气质量污染程度,最后采用数据统计方法对日报、预报的结果进行检验,检查两个样本均值之间是否有显著性差异。     

乌兰浩特地区大气污染成因与防治对策研究

近年来,随着乌兰浩特地区经济社会的迅速发展,空气污染日趋严重,已经影响到了经济、社会发展和市民的生活.文章阐述了大气污染对人类健康的影响,研究探讨了国内关于城市大气污染的现状,结合乌兰浩特地区大气污染的调查分析,以乌兰浩特市2008、2009、2010年大气环境质量监测数据为依据,详细研究了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的主要污染源及污染物,归纳总结特征及其变化,采用了空气污染指数（API）分析和评价了大气污染的原因.研究结果表明,乌兰浩特地区空气质量状况2009年比2008年明显好转,但PM10仍有超标现象;通过特征分析可知大气污染有逐年上升趋势,随季节变化相对明显,可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的浓度在春冬季分别是夏秋季的0.5倍到1.5倍：采用空气污染指数（API）对乌兰浩特地区的大气污染进行评价结果表明,煤炭燃烧后的污染物是乌兰浩特市空气污染物的主要来源,同时地理环境对乌兰浩特地区空气质量有较大影响,山风产生的局地环流不利于污染物的扩散,特别是遇到静风、逆温等不利于污染物扩散的气象条件时,就会加重环境空气污染,导致污染物农度大幅度升高.造成乌兰浩特地区大气污染的原因较复杂,通过分析研究得到了主要原因是工业和能源结构不合理、冬季取暖燃煤、汽车尾气、特殊地形气候、相关政策法规不太健全及环保宣传监督工作做不到住.并针对乌兰浩特地区的实际情况提出了控制大气污染的对策措施.总之,该研究找到了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的问题,为乌兰浩特市环境污染综合治理提供了一定的参考依据.     

乌兰浩特地区大气污染成因与防治对策研究

近年来,随着乌兰浩特地区经济社会的迅速发展,空气污染日趋严重,已经影响到了经济、社会发展和市民的生活。文章阐述了大气污染对人类健康的影响,研究探讨了国内关于城市大气污染的现状,结合乌兰浩特地区大气污染的调查分析。以鸟兰浩特市2008、2009、2010年大气环境质量监测数据为依据,详细研究了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的主要污染源及污染物,归纳总结特征及其变化,采用了空气污染指数（API）分析和评价了大气污染的原因。研究结果表明,乌兰浩特地区空气质量状况2009年比2008年明显好转,但PM10仍有超标现象;通过特征分析可知大气污染有逐年上升趋势,随季节变化相对明显,可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的浓度在春冬季分别是夏秋季的0．5倍到1．5倍;采用空气污染指数（API）对乌兰浩特地区的大气污染进行评价结果表明,煤炭燃烧后的污染物是鸟兰浩特市空气污染物的主要来源,同时地理环境对鸟兰浩特地区空气质量有较大影响,山风产生的局地环流不利于污染物的扩散,特别是遇到静风、逆温等不利于污染物扩散的气象条件时,就会加重环境空气污染,导致污染物浓度大幅度升高。造成乌兰浩特地区大气污染的原因较复杂,通过分析研究得到了主要原因是工业和能源结构不合理、冬季取暖燃煤、汽车尾气、特殊地形气候、相关政策法规不太健全及环保宣传监督工作做不到住。并针对鸟兰浩特地区的实际情况提出了控制大气污染的对策措施。总之,该研究找到了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的问题,为乌兰浩特市环境污染综合治理提供了一定的参考依据。     

天然气应用对兰州大气环境的影响

煤烟型污染是兰州市大气污染严重的主要原因之一，西气东输工程对改变兰州市能源结构，改善城市环境质量具有非常重要的意义。根据兰州市大气污染现状和特性，以2000年为基准，分析研究了兰州市利用天然气前后能源结构，主要污染源及大气污染物排放量的变化。针对污染源状况和兰州市天然气用气规划，选用适宜模式预测了兰州市利用天然气后的各主要污染物的年平均浓度，计算了空气质量的改善程度。     

上海市大气污染防治现状与对策

通过对“九五”期间上海大气污染防治工作的回顾,以及环境空气质量现状、污染源排放情况和污染物分担率的分析,总结了取得了成效和主要存在的问题,着重提出了今后一个阶段上海大气污染防治的基本目标、主要任务和重点措施。     

青岛市环境空气质量改善进程国际对比研究

针对青岛市建设宜居幸福国际城市战略目标,研究选取了新加坡、旧金山、大阪、香港、上海、深圳等10个国内外港口城市,对比分析了青岛市环境空气质量状况,并与典型国际发达国家污染物减排和环境质量改善进程进行了对比。结果表明:青岛市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2年均浓度与国际城市差距较大,改善任务艰巨;NO_2年均浓度相对较低,已达到与国际接轨的程度,并优于大部分国际对比城市。从国际大气污染物减排及环境空气质量改善进程来看,预计青岛市将在2025年全面达到国家环境空气质量二级标准。青岛市需加快环境空气质量改善进程,为建成宜居幸福的现代化国际城市提供优良的环境空气质量保障。     

挥发性有机物光催化降解研究进展

阐述了挥发性有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）光催化降解的基本原理，分析了气相条件下不同ＶＯＣｓ的降解途径以及Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ在光催化反应中的作用、光催化反应过程的传质和动力学规律，提出了反应器设计需要遵循的基本原则，叙述了ＶＯＣｓ光催化降解的催化剂及其换活现象、已研究的ＶＯＣｓ的光催化降解效率、部分物质难光催化降解的原因，讨论了ＶＯＣｓ光催化降解进一步研究的方向和应用前景。     

Local Air Quality Management policy and practice in the UK: The case for greater Public Health integration and engagement

The UK’s Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) regime is designed to protect people’s health from the ill-effects of air pollution, but it is failing to achieve its full potential. The Public Health aspects of, perspectives on, and integration and engagement in, LAQM have been poorly considered to date. This critical literature review assessed LAQM-related strengths and limitations in order to explore how Public Health, through greater integration and engagement, can add value to the regime.‘Structure’ and ‘process’ weaknesses were identified, including: a poorly defined Public Health role, a narrowly-scoped prescribed process, risk assessment uncertainties, ineffective communications, shallow evaluations and disconnected policies. Separately and cumulatively, these have hindered Public Health integration in LAQM policy and practice and stunted the regime's evolution. Engaging Public Health in LAQM future design and delivery can help solve these problems, by improving risk assessments and raising awareness of air pollution and other health-influencing relationships, targeting action in high-need areas, coordinating air pollution mitigation and health improvement interventions, and connecting different policy areas.Increasing Public Health integration and engagement in LAQM can enhance the existing regime. Acting now is timely from both LAQM and Public Health perspectives. This review's findings should be used to inform debates and decisions around the future development of Local Air Quality Management arrangements both in the UK and beyond.     

上海市区道路地面氮氧化物污染现场调查

为了解城市道路地面NOx污染的状况和特征，对上海典型道路路边NOx污染进行现场实测。结果表明：在交通繁忙的路段，路边NOx污染严重。调查发现：路边NOx的浓度与交通状况有关，车流量越大，车辆阻塞时间越长，NOx的浓度越高；不同类型车辆对路边NOx的贡献不同，大型车和中型车的贡献要比小型车、摩托车和助动车大得多；路边空气污染和影响因素与传统空气监测数据有较大差别。     

我国空气自动监测系统的现状与发展趋势

结合四川省环境空气自动监测系统的运行,从运行管理模式方面探讨了我国空气自动监测系统的发展现状,以及通过国内外环境空气评价指标的比较,探讨了现阶段中国环境空气质量评价体系的不足以及增加空气污染指数分指标的必要性.     

空气污染指数模式的改进

我国目前以空气污染指数API报告各城市的环境空气质量。由于我国各地环境空气质量状况差异很大,该方法在报告城市空气质量时具有较大的片面性,不能综合反应污染状况。本文针对现行的API指数法进行了模式推算和改进,新的计算模式可更客观全面地反映城市空气质量。     

Numerical simulation study on air quality in aircraft cabins

Air pollution is one of the main factors that affect the air quality in aircraft cabins, and the use of different air supply modes could influence the distribution of air pollutants in cabins. Based on the traditional ceiling air supply mode used on the B737NG, this study investigated another 3 different kinds of air supply modes for comparison: luggage rack air supply mode, joint mode combining ceiling and luggage rack air supply, and joint mode combining ceiling and individual air supply. Under the above 4 air supply modes, the air velocity, temperature and distribution of air pollutants in a cabin full of passengers were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and formaldehyde were selected as 2 kinds of representative air pollutants. The simulation results show that the joint mode combining ceiling and individual air supply can create a more uniform distribution of air velocity and temperature, has a better effect on the removal of CO₂ and formaldehyde, and can provide better air quality in cabins than the other 3 modes.     

沈阳市大气细菌与真菌粒子的关系

用ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ生物粒子采样器对沈阳市大气细菌和真菌粒子的密度、密度分布、粒度分布及两者关系进行了观察和。结果表明，沈阳市大气年平均密度细菌粒子为７２２８个／ｍ＾３，真菌粒子为１７９７个／ｍ＾３，细菌为真菌的４．１倍。细菌粒子密度和粒度均呈正偏态分布，真菌粒子密度和粒度均呈对数正态分布。〈８．２μｍ的可吸入粒子，细菌为４３２６个／ｍ＾３，占其总数的６１．４％；真菌为１５８３个／ｍ＾３，占其总数的     

基于B/S结构的城市空气质量日报发布系统设计

通过互联网管理和发布城市空气质量日报是城市环境信息化建设的主要内容，系统的推广和应用有利于我国空气质量日报工作的进一步深入。对空气质量日报的业务流程与主要内容，B／S结构下城市空气质量日报系统开发模式、模块划分与功能设计、软件开发平台等进行了详细论述。     

江西省主要城市空气质量预报研究

对建立江西省各主要城市的空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报模式进行了探讨，并将试验期间预报结果和所属区域空气污染程度进行比较，结果表明，该模式用于各省各主要城市空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报是可行的。