雨中

雨。满目飞舞的雨。裹着团团暑气狠狠捧在地上。闪电。雷声。迸开几道裂口的天空。下迭的巨大的水体。解渴的干裂的土地。水淋淋的心。想大喊几声的冲动。白茫茫的远空。远空下的想象。雨从上而下奔倾的声音。水漫的地面。向四面八方流泻的感觉。每一点感觉都溶入自然界的感觉。     

南河湾之诉

有村南河湾,远近美名扬。村西出清泉,玉带绕村行。河岸杨柳绿,人杰物产丰。姑娘争嫁来,小伙精气神。突然有一天,“二懒”变能人。投机赚了钱,还想钱滚钱。村旁建焦厂,竖起高烟囱。黑烟空中飘,污水河中排。杨柳秃了枝,青蛙失了声。麻雀成乌鸦,小猪倒立鬃。清泉不再清,玉带变臭沟。浇地地板结,种菜菜烂根。气味呛眼鼻,烟尘积厚层。热天不敢开窗户,屋外不能晾衣巾。乡亲身体日渐弱,咳嗽气短疾病生。邻村姑娘不嫁来,本村姑娘嫁他乡。可怜祖留祥和地,如今变成破落村。     

沿着天山……

正天池天山天池。西王母的瑶池。鹰在天上。树像雕刻的。水是天堂的玉。深蓝。深深的蓝。深刻的蓝。深爱的蓝。干净过一万年的风和奔腾的雪水。博格达雪峰,一个戴着头巾的羞涩的哈萨克女人。我很渴。假装很滋润。浑身贮满了高雅的水,吃饱喝足的样子。眼珠子荡漾着春情。其实,我忍受着荒漠的炙烤。糜烂的水,我唯一的源泉。你存在吗?冷冷的,在远方的高处,像一个幻觉。以专一的、不竭的守贞,保持着那个隐隐的美姿。     

秦皇岛市水环境现状与恢复

秦皇岛地区原始自然环境优越,多年来,不正当的人为活动、环境恶化趋势明显,也直接干扰与影响着水的良性循环。现状水环境:河流基流渐小,并季节性断流,坑塘减少,湿地萎缩水土流失,洪径增大。地下水位下降,水量减少,承压水无序开采,污净比失衡,河流承栽力降低。地下水垂直污染面扩大,点、面、垃圾污染源趋重。联通青一洋、石一起,实施水资源再分配。优化配置城乡用水。重视地下水源地建设,联合调度地表、地下水源。谨慎开发承压水。植树造林、涵养水分。注重防风林带建设,改善田间小气候。严控地下水采量,防止土壤旱化。搞好坑塘建设,解决乡镇污水出路与净化。保护湿地,促进水的良性循环。深度处理废污水.使之资源化。从源头抓好城市三大水源地污染源.察勘储备新地下水源地。改良恢复水环境,保障水资源循环利用。     

地球患的十种“病”

据联合国环境署最新公布的材料,地球上十大环境祸患正在威胁着人类。①土壤遭到破坏。110个国家的可耕地肥沃程度在降低。②气候变化。温室效应威胁着整个人类。③生物的多样性在减少。预计到21世纪将消失生物为100万种。④森林面积日益减少。⑤淡水资源受到威胁。     

白雪歌送武判官归京

北风卷地白草折,胡天八月即飞雪②。忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。散入珠帘湿罗幕,狐裘不暖锦衾薄③。将军角弓不得控,都护铁衣冷难着④。瀚海阑干百丈冰,愁云黪淡万里凝⑤。中军置酒饮归客,胡琴琵琶与羌笛⑥。纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻⑦。轮台东门送君去,去时雪满天山路。山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处。【注释】①判官:节度使下面资佐理的官吏。②胡天:指西域的天气。③孤裘(qiú):狐皮袍子。锦衾(qīn):锦缎做的被子。④角弓:用兽角装饰的硬弓。不得控:天太冷而冻得拉不开弓。都护:镇守边镇的长官,此为泛指,与上文的“将军”是…     

戏说男女寻偶条件

女人必备首先你要漂亮。你要是不漂亮,那么你要有气质。你要是没气质,那么你要温柔。你要是不温柔,那么你得善解人意。你要是不太善解人意,但你要长得还可以。你要是长得有点抱歉,那么起码要会打扮。如果你连打扮都不懂,那么你就得贤慧一点。你要是不会做家务事,那跟你妈学着点儿,总会吧!如果你连学都懒得学,那么你就要拉下脸“倒追”男人。要是连“倒追”都不会,那你最好家里要有钱。要是你连钱都没有,那就……靠“缘分”吧! 男人必备首先你要帅。你要是不帅,那你要有钱。你要是没钱,那你要高。你要是不高,那你得学会说话。你要是不会说话,那要幽默。你要是不幽默,那你起码也要懂幽默。如果你连幽默都不懂,那你就得体贴一点。你要是不会体贴。那温柔一点总会吧!     

玉米秸秆制淀粉

1.切瓤。选用新割下来的玉米秸秆(陈秆含水低不易剥皮),剥去硬皮后,将秆内的白瓤切成细片。2.浸泡。切好的白瓤用清水浸泡至充分吸水泡胀为止。3.蒸煮。将浸好的白瓤用蒸锅蒸透,然后加适量水搅成糊状,再煮片刻。4.滤浆。在糊状浆料中加适量清水搅拌均匀后用细筛过滤,去除粗纤维和皮渣。5.压榨。将滤液装入布袋内,即得湿淀粉。每100kg玉米秸秆可制得湿淀粉约80kg。另     

环保文娱

孟树国江南有奇峰,高耸入云端。万山拜其下,孤云卧此间。古稀花甲者,汇聚六十三。胸怀国策志,考察皖名山。先访翡翠谷,继至老龙潭。苍松枝如冠,绿竹叶似帆。清池勤沐日,花雨巧耕峦。缆车遨云海,铁屋落霞栅。雄鹰搏无忌,鹃鸟啼不烦。探秘排云坳,深研北海湾。考究光明顶,遥思玉屏     

前进中的佛山市南海区大沥实验小学

佛山市南海区大沥实验小学是一所民办公助性质的省一级学校，是在董事会领导下的校长负责制的新型现代化学校。2000年，学校被南海区定为“香港——南海”教育交流基地。同年12月21日，学校被授予“南海市一级学校”称号。2001年。学校获得由南海区人民政府颁发的“科技进步成果一等奖”和“科技进步先进单位”称号（全区教育线唯一学校）。同年4月30日，学校被授予“佛山市一级学校”称号。2002年6月，被评为广东省一级学校。200a年。学校获得广东省第四届普通教育成果奖二等奖。2004年。学校科研课题获佛山首届教育科研成果一等奖。     

中国清洁电力发展对二氧化碳排放的空间效应及影响路径研究

有关清洁电力是否有效降低二氧化碳排放,有两种不同观点,本文分析了产生争议的原因,并基于机理分析,选取1998—2018年中国30个省份的相关数据,利用空间面板杜宾模型研究清洁电力发展对区域二氧化碳排放的影响。回归结果显示：(1)二氧化碳排放在省域之间具有显著的正向空间溢出效应。(2)清洁电力发展与二氧化碳排放之间呈倒U形关系并通过了一系列稳健性检验。(3)进一步地通过效应分解发现,清洁电力发展无论是直接效应还是间接效应,均需要达到一定的门槛值之后才会对区域二氧化碳排放产生促减效用。最后,通过中介效应模型检验发现,清洁电力发展带来的能源消费结构调整和能源利用效率改变是影响二氧化碳排放的作用机制。     

Coupling of geochemical reactions and convective mixing in the long-term geological storage of carbon dioxide

The effect of coupling of geochemical reactions with convective mixing of dissolved carbon dioxide during geological storage is investigated by both analytical and numerical techniques. In the limit of fast reactions, scaling arguments and stability analysis show that the time for the onset of convection could be increased by up to an order of magnitude due to consumption of the dissolved carbon dioxide in mineralization. Numerical simulations are then used to investigate the effect of general reaction rates in two contrasting mineralogies, including overall dissolution and the distribution of ion and mineral concentrations.     

“排污权”和“碳排放权”交易的减污降碳协同效应研究——基于污染治理和政策管理的双重视角

全面系统地评估排污权交易和碳排放权交易的减污降碳协同效应,对于进一步发挥应对气候变化和大气污染治理的协同效应、推进全国统一生态环境市场建设具有重要意义。本文基于污染治理和政策管理的双重视角,采用多时点双重差分和倾向得分匹配,分别检验排污权交易和碳排放权交易的减污和降碳效应;并在此基础上,研究三种政策情景下（排污权交易、碳排放权交易以及组合政策）的协同减排效应差异。研究表明,从污染治理视角,排污权交易和碳排放权交易均显著降低了二氧化硫和二氧化碳排放量,实现了减污降碳的协同效应;从政策协同管理视角,在减少二氧化硫污染方面,组合政策比各类政策的单独实施更为有效;在降低二氧化碳排放方面,碳排放权交易比排污权交易和组合政策更为有效。因此,在推进气候变化应对和大气污染治理机制融合的进程中,应有所侧重地推进碳排放权交易和排污权交易组合使用。     

工业园区低碳发展模式评估与规划分析

通过对工业园区低碳发展模式的评估,分析其低碳发展的能源特征、经济特征与人力特征,并确定工业园区二氧化碳减排的潜力能源。基于能源-碳减排(EC)、经济-能源-碳减排(EEC)和人力-经济-能源-碳减排(HEEC)三种不同情景,在未来发展的一定规划期内,对工业园区具有二氧化碳减排潜力的能源进行规划分析,确定其年递减率,从而实现工业园区不同情景下的二氧化碳减排。通过实际案例研究,证明了评估与规划分析模型的可行性。     

我国炼油行业碳排放估算与分析

针对目前我国炼油行业排放总量不清楚的问题,文章首先对我国炼油行业二氧化碳排放源和影响因素进行简述,进一步借鉴欧洲炼厂二氧化碳排放系数,对我国炼厂二氧化碳排放总量进行估算,并对结果进行了分析。研究结果可为进一步了解我国炼厂二氧化碳排放情况及进一步的减排工作起到参考作用。     

Hydrogen production from biomass

The ‘hydrogen economy’ has received considerable attention in academic, industrial and political contexts. There are opportunities for vast reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy security and greater overall efficiency. However, if hydrogen is to become a fundamental energy source for electrical power generation, as well as a transportation fuel, novel generation pathways will be necessary to meet the increase in demand. A promising means for generating hydrogen is the thermochemical conversion of biomass to a synthesis gas, composed of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane. In order to manipulate the composition and maximise the hydrogen output, a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent can be utilised in situ. The removal of carbon dioxide alters the reaction chemistry to preferentially produce hydrogen. In this work we report on the characterisation of a likely Ca-based carbon dioxide sorbent and demonstrate the merits of hydrogen production from biomass, with in situ carbon dioxide capture, on the basis of a thermodynamic study. Using this model we show that hydrogen output from biomass gasification can be increased from 40%-vol to 80%-vol (dry basis) when a carbon dioxide sorbent is used.     

Kinetic of formation for single carbon dioxide and mixed carbon dioxide and tetrahydrofuran hydrates in water and sodium chloride aqueous solution

A laboratory-scale reactor system is built and operated to measure the kinetic of formation for single and mixed carbon dioxide–tetrahydrofuran hydrates. The T-cycle method, which is used to collect the kinetic data, is briefly discussed. For single carbon dioxide hydrate, the induction time decreases with the increase of the initial carbon dioxide pressure up to 2.96 MPa. Beyond this pressure, the induction time is becoming relatively constant with the increase of initial carbon dioxide pressure indicating that the liquid phase is completely supersaturated with carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that the inclusion of tetrahydrofuran reduces the induction time required for hydrate formation. These observations indicate hydrate nucleation process and onset growth are more readily to occur in the presence of tetrahydrofuran. In contrast, the presence of sodium chloride prolongs the induction time due to clustering of water molecules with the ions and the salting-out effects. It is also shown that the degree of subcooling required for hydrate formation is affected by the presence of tetrahydrofuran and sodium chloride in the hydrate forming system. The presence of tetrahydrofuran in the hydrate system significantly reduces the amount of carbon dioxide uptake. The apparent rate constant, k, for those systems are reported.     

Non-isothermal flow of carbon dioxide in injection wells during geological storage

During sequestration, carbon dioxide within injection wells is likely to be in a dense state and therefore its weight within the wellbore will play an important role in determining the bottomhole pressure and thus the injection rate. However, the density could vary significantly along the well in response to the variation in pressure and temperature. A numerical procedure is formulated in this paper to evaluate the flow of carbon dioxide and its mixtures in non-isothermal wells. This procedure solves the coupled heat, mass and momentum equations with the various fluid and thermodynamic properties, including the saturation pressure, of the gas mixture calculated using a real gas equation of state. This treatment is particularly useful when dealing with gas mixtures where experimental data on mixture properties are not available and these must be predicted. To test the developed procedure two wellbore flow problems from the literature, involving geothermal gradients and wellbore phase transitions are considered; production of 97% carbon dioxide and injection of superheated steam. While these are not typical carbon dioxide injection problems they provide field observations of wellbore flow processes which encompass the mechanisms of interest for carbon dioxide injection, such as phase transition, temperature and density variations with depth. These two examples show that the developed procedure can offer accurate predictions. In a third application the role of wellbore hydraulics during a hypothetical carbon dioxide injection application is considered. The results obtained illustrate the potential complexity of carbon dioxide wellbore hydraulics for sequestration applications and the significant role it can play in determining the well bottomhole pressure and thus injection rate.     

The Application of the Ecological Footprint: a case of passenger transport in Merseyside

The release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is believed to be responsible for climate change. In the UK, road transport emits 22% of the total output of carbon dioxide. This study applies the ecological footprint to Merseyside to ascertain the global environmental impact of passenger transport (expressed in hectares). Results show that car travel has a footprint of 704 000 hectares, which is 87% of the total footprint. It is demonstrated in scenarios that Policy initiatives involving the Local Transport Plan will cause the footprint to increase. It is also shown that individual behaviour could be influenced when highlighting the impacts of different modes of transport along the same route. By using the ecological footprint in educational programmes, the effect can be shown of carbon emissions and land appropriation on the 'school run'; these issues could be promoted alongside others such as health, safety, congestion, global equity and fairness.     

A SIMPLIFIED STREAM MODEL OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE EFFECTS1

ABSTRACT: Three methods of modeling acid mine drainage effects are discussed. A net alkalinity routing model is the simplest of these, but can be potentially misleading. It typically overestimates the effect of acid sources on pH by neglecting carbon dioxide transfer to the atmosphere. Inclusion of a simple carbon dioxide transfer function can substantially reduce errors in stream quality prediction. A plug flow reaeration equation, coupled with mass balancing at mixing points in a stream network provides modeling results comparable to those of more complex computerized solutions of chemical equilibrium equations. None of the models accounts for carbonate dissolution or oxidation and hydrolysis of ferrous iron.