羊八井地热区典型植物对氟的吸附富集特征探究

采用水浴提取法处理羊八井地热区土壤和植物样品中可溶性氟,并用离子选择性电极法测定提取液及地热水中的氟。结果表明,地热水中氟离子最高为162 mg/L,土壤和植物中水溶性氟分别为347 mg/kg~937 mg/kg和189 mg/kg~164 mg/kg。氟离子在不同植物中的分布差异较大,嵩草属植物富集氟离子的能力最强,故可利用植物修复技术对高氟地热水、土壤净化处理,以降低氟污染。     

苯胺-邻氨基酚共聚物吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

利用化学氧化法合成了苯胺-邻氨基酚共聚物,通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,该共聚物对水中Cr(Ⅵ)有良好的去除效果,25°C时其吸附容量可达200.6 mg/g;该吸附过程为自发吸热反应,吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程。溶液pH对吸附性能影响较大,pH 2.0~5.0范围内吸附效果较好。利用1mol/L HNO_3洗脱液对吸附之后的共聚物进行脱附,脱附效率可达94.2%。     

高温灰化—电极法测定乌伦古湖鱼中氟的方法初探

以乌伦古湖鱼体(鱼肉,不含鱼内脏)为研究对象,在碱性条件下,用硝酸镁固定样品中氟,高温灰化去除有机物,盐酸浸提,用离子缓冲溶液消除干扰离子,离子选择电极法测定乌伦古湖鱼中的氟。实际样品中加入1.00 mg/kg氟标准品,测定回收率分别为89.5%和88.0%,RSD为3.02%和4.29%。     

磁性凹凸棒土的制备及其对水中铅离子的吸附

利用化学共沉淀法制备了磁性凹土复合吸附剂(ATP/Fe_3O_4),通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水中Pb~(2+)的吸附性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对复合吸附剂进行表征,并考察了吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH值及吸附时间等因素对Pb~(2+)吸附效果的影响。结果表明,Fe_3O_4颗粒负载在凹土表面,复合吸附剂的比饱和磁化强度为29.22 emu/g,可有效实现固液分离的目标。Pb~(2+)吸附实验表明,ATP/Fe_3O_4对Pb~(2+)具有良好的吸附效果,当Pb~(2+)初始浓度为50mg/L、溶液pH为5.0、吸附剂用量为3.0 g/L时,去除率可达87.35%。ATP/Fe_3O_4对Pb~(2+)的吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。     

壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附动力学和热力学研究

论文通过研究壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为,分析了其吸附热力学和动力学特性,初步探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,在研究的浓度范围内,壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程;不同温度下,壳聚糖吸附Sb(III)的吸附焓变ΔH、自由能变ΔG和吸附熵变ΔS均为负值,表明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程,降低温度有利于吸附的进行;壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为可用Langmuir单分子层吸附机理解释,且求得吸附表观活化能38.36kJ/mol和Lagergren一级速率常数0.80h-     

粉煤灰吸附净化含铅废水实验研究

以粉煤灰为吸附材料,模拟含铅离子废水,探讨吸附时间、p H值、温度、投灰量、离子浓度5个因素对粉煤灰吸附重金属效率的影响;并设计五因素四水平的正交实验,经过均值分析和方差分析数据得出最佳水平组,结果表明:当离子质量浓度60 mg/L、吸附时间90 min、投灰量5.0 g、p H值6.0、温度20℃时吸附效果最好。单因素分析得出,当吸附时间90 min、p H值6.0、温度50℃、投灰量5.0 g、离子质量浓度30 mg/L时吸附效果相对较好,单因素方差分析也证明以上5种因子对粉煤灰吸附铅离子具有显著性差异。     

固定污染源中苯系物的便携式气质联用检测方法研究

建立了适用于固定污染源气体中苯系物的日常检测和监督性检测的便携式气质联用分析方法。利用Mars-400便携式GC-MS具有定量环和吸附管同时并存的功能,无需更换仪器部件,根据预测浓度,选择相应的进样模式(10mg/m3为浓度切换点),以保留时间和特征离子定性,总离子峰面积定量,现场对固定污染源中高低浓度苯系物进行直接分析。在吸附管和定量环两种模式下,选择苯系物的质量浓度范围分别为0.1~10 mg/m3、5~100 mg/m3,两者的线性相关系数均≥0.993,相对标准偏差(n=7)为5%~14%,方法回收率在84%~112%之间。     

铋和石墨烯改性金属有机框架对碘离子的吸附性能

采用一步法制备石墨烯(GO)和铋[Bi(Ⅲ)]改性沸石咪唑酯骨架结构(ZIF-8),得到GZIF和Bi@GZIF吸附剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及扫描电镜(SEM)对制备的吸附剂进行表征。结果显示,改性后ZIF-8晶体结构没有被破坏,表面形态及表面基团发生了变化,对碘离子的吸附能力增强,吸附速度加快,尤其是Bi@GZIF在5 min内完成吸附88.3%,最大吸附容量达197.2 mg/g。     

沧州地区氟元素在不同介质中的分布

以沧州地区的地下水、土壤和小麦中的氟元素为研究对象,探讨氟元素在地下水、土壤和小麦等不同介质中的含量、空间分布与来源成因。通过绘制各介质中氟元素分布图,获得氟元素在各介质中不同深度的含量及水平空间上的分布特征。结果显示,当地深层地下水氟含量平均为2.25 mg/L,高于浅层地下水的平均值0.80 mg/L;深层和浅层土壤氟含量接近,平均值分别为557.18、569.20 mg/kg;小麦中的氟含量最高值为0.96 mg/kg,当地小麦氟含量均低于国家标准限值(1.0 mg/kg)。根据氟元素的分布特点分析,当地深层地下水与土壤的氟元素来源一致,而不同于浅层地下水中的氟;小麦的氟元素分布受浅层土壤氟影响较大。     

微库仑法和离子色谱法测定土壤中可吸附有机卤素

采用振荡吸附处理土壤样品,用微库仑法和离子色谱法分别测定土壤中的可吸附有机卤素(AOX)。通过优化样品前处理条件以提高AOX的提取效率,上述两种方法检出限分别为15.3 mg/kg和16.3 mg/kg, 4-氯苯酚作为标准物质的加标回收率分别为92.2%～95.0%和77.7%～80.2%。两种方法测定实际土壤样品中AOX,6次测定结果的RSD为5.4%～19.2%。GSS系列标准土壤试验结果表明,振荡吸附处理样品,用微库仑法和离子色谱法在测定样品中AOX时测定结果区别不大,土壤中AOX含量与卤素含量无直接关系。     

Reduction and immobilization of chromium(VI) by nano-scale Fe0 particles supported on reproducible PAA/PVDF membrane

A new class of nano-scale Fe0 particles (NZVI) supported on a PAA/PVDF membrane (NZVI-PAA/PVDF) were synthesized and the feasibility of using NZVI-PAA/PVDF for reductive immobilization of Cr(VI) in water was investigated through laboratory batch tests. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal capacity of NZVI-PAA/PVDF was 181 mg Cr/g Fe at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L(-1) under pH 6.5 +/- 0.1. XPS results showed that Cr(VI) was converted to nontoxic Cr(III). Interfering ions exerted various degrees of impact on NZVI-PAA/PVDF's Cr(VI) removal capacity. Specifically, Ca2+ alone showed the mildest impact while the presence of ions (Mg2+ and HCO3-) exerted the greatest impact. An advantage of NZVI-PAA/PVDF is that the nano-scale Fe0 and resultant particles were combined within a PAA/PVDF membrane, which prevents secondary pollution. Moreover, a piece of PAA/PVDF membrane (4.7 cm diameter) can still support 6.51 mg of nano-scale Fe0 particles after being renewed.     

Natural Jordanian zeolite: removal of heavy metal ions from water samples using column and batch methods

The adsorption behavior of natural Jordanian zeolites with respect to Cd(2 + ), Cu(2 + ), Pb(2 + ), and Zn(2 + ) was studied in order to consider its application to purity metal finishing drinking and waste water samples under different conditions such as zeolite particle size, ionic strength and initial metal ion concentration. In the present work, a new method was developed to remove the heavy metal by using a glass column as the one that used in column chromatography and to make a comparative between the batch experiment and column experiment by using natural Jordanian zeolite as adsorbent and some heavy metals as adsorbate. The column method was used using different metal ions concentrations ranged from 5 to 20 mg/L with average particle size of zeolite ranged between 90 and 350 mum, and ionic strength ranged from 0.01 to 0.05. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for analysis of these heavy metal ions, the results obtained in this study indicated that zeolitic tuff is an efficient ion exchanger for removing heavy metals, in particular the fine particle sizes of zeolite at pH 6, whereas, no clear effect of low ionic strength values is noticed on the removal process. Equilibrium modeling of the removal showed that the adsorption of Cd(2 + ), Cu(2 + ), Pb(2 + ), and Zn(2 + ) were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR). The sorption energy E determined in the DKR equation (9.129, 10.000, 10.541, and 11.180 kJ/mol for Zn(2 + ), Cu(2 + ), Cd(2 + ) and Pb(2 + ) respectively) which revealed the nature of the ion-exchange mechanism.     

尿液中氟化物的离子选择电极法测定

本文叙述了用离子选择电极直接测定尿液中氟化物的分析方法，并通过实验对标准系列的制备、尿液的预处理、加入“假尿溶液”的必要性和样品存放时间等问题进行了探讨。结果表明，用本方法测定尿液中氟含量简捷、快速，方法最低检出限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，无机氟加标回收率为９５～１０３％。     

阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫的分布与污染状况

对阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的含量进行了调查,并用单指标标准指数法对污染水平进行了评价.结果表明,阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫含量的平均值依次为1 041 mg/kg、1 075 mg/kg、2 743 mg/kg.生活、生产污水、工业废气,以及机动船只、网箱养鱼等活动是阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的主要来源.磷、氟、...     

两性磁化炭添加比例对河流沿岸土吸附Cu2+的影响

将两性(十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱)修饰磁化炭分别以质量分数0、1％和2％加入嘉陵江流域(川渝段)内苍溪(CX)、南部(NB)、嘉陵(JL)和合川(HC)沿岸土中,考察各混合土样对Cu2+的等温吸附和热力学特征.结果表明:混合土样对Cu2+的最大吸附量为58.36 mmol/kg～366.85 mmol/kg,添加等量两性磁...     

新疆平原区饮用地下水中F-含量的调查与评价

利用1997—1999年2058个饮用地下水中F-含量的测试成果。评价了新疆平原区饮用地下水中F-含量的状况,其结果为：F-含量变化范围为0．05—7．00mg/L,面积加权平均值为0．68mg/L,超标率18．9％。     

Assessment of Treatment Alternatives for Laboratory COD Wastewater: a Practical Comparison with Emphasis on Cost and Performance

This study focused on investigation of treatment alternativesfor COD wastewater from academic laboratories, using a number oftechnologies including chemical reduction/precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption by chitosan. Results showed that highconcentrations of 375 mg l^-1 chromium, 1,740 mg l^-1mercury and 993 mg l^-1 silver in COD wastewater can be reduced to 2.34 mg l^-1, 3.65 mg l^-1 and 1.89 mg l^-1 respectively, by the chemical reduction/precipitationprocess. Results from ion exchange at a flowrate of 20 ml min^-1 showed breakthrough effluent concentrations obtainedat 0.59 mg l^-1 chromium, 3.92 g l^-1 mercury and 0.65 mg l^-1 silver corresponding to 75.6 l at 63 hr, 40.8 l at 34 hr and 33.6 l at 28 hr respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that chitosan can adsorb Cr⁶⁺, Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions most effectively at a flowrate of 20 ml min^-1 and the optimum pH for feed solution is 4. Chitosan column experiments indicated that average effluent concentrations at breakthrough point for chromium, mercury andsilver are 0.76 mg l^-1, 6.04 mg l^-1 and 0.51 mg l^-1 respectively with throughput volumes and retention times of 120 l at 100 hr, 60 l at 50 hr and 48 l at 40 hr. Results of solidification experiments for chemical sludge and residual chitosan based on compressive strength and metal leachabilitytests showed, that the acceptable ranges of the solidificationparameters were: sludge/cement = 0.1–1.0 (weight/weight), water/cement = 0.5–0.6 (weight/weight) and sand/cement = 0.5–3.0 (weight/weight). Operating cost per litre of COD wastewater treated, based on the current prices in Thailand wasfound to be Baht 19.95 for the chemical reduction/precipitationprocess, Baht 96.35 for ion exchange treatment and Baht 18.29 forchitosan adsorption.     

伊犁西部居民饮水（茶）氟适宜浓度的探讨

对伊犁西部居民所接触的环境介质中氟含量和日摄氟总量进行调查，推出其饮水（茶）氟的适宜浓度为：饮水氟０．５３ｍｇ／Ｌ，饮茶氟１．３６ｍｇ／Ｌ，茶叶用量应控制在５．２３ｇ／日·人以下．     

Adsorption–desorption of metolachlor and atrazine in Indian soils: effect of fly ash amendment

The effect of two fly ashes as soil amendment on the adsorption–desorption of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylphenyl)] and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) was studied in alluvial and laterite soils. The adsorption data for both the herbicides fitted well the Freundlich equation, and Freundlich adsorption coefficient (K _f) increased with an increase of fly ash amount. Both the fly ashes differed in their extent to increase herbicide sorption, and the effect was different in different soils. Atrazine was sorbed more in the soils/soils?+?fly ash mixtures than the metolachlor. The K _f values showed significant correlation with the amount of fly ash amendment (correlation coefficient, R?>?0.982). The desorption isotherms also fitted the Freundlich equation, and desorption showed hysteresis which increased with an increase in the content of fly ash amendment. The free energy change (ΔG) indicated that the sorption process is exothermic, spontaneous, and physical in nature. The study has shown that fly ash as soil amendment significantly increased the sorption of metolachlor and atrazine, but the effect is soil- and fly ash-specific.