表面纳米化对锆合金微动腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究N36锆合金表面纳米化层的形貌和微观结构,分析表面纳米化层的微动腐蚀机理。方法 采用超声表面滚压技术(USRP)对锆合金进行表面纳米化处理,研究不同滚压速度对表面纳米化层形貌、相组成、粗糙度、显微硬度、电化学腐蚀和微动腐蚀行为的影响。结果 USRP处理后,锆合金表面有明显的塑性变形痕迹,致使锆合金表面发生加工硬化,提高了表面的硬度。锆合金的腐蚀电流密度相较于基体更低,最大磨损深度和磨损率均低于基体。结论 USRP处理后的锆合金晶粒细化、晶界增多,提高了锆合金的表面活性,有利于钝化膜的形成。锆合金的磨损机理为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损的共同作用。     

前后处理工艺对铝锂合金热压扩散连接质量的影响

分析了铝锂合金热压扩散连接过程中,连接前材料表面状态对扩散连接的影响及连接后的时效强化机理,并通过实验找出热压连接前后处理的切实有效的工艺方法.从而,可使材料表面在热压连接之前达到较高的洁净度和适当的粗糙度,为铝锂合企的扩散连接创造了比较有利的条件,并且,通过固溶处理可以大大提高了铝锂合金提高铝锂合金扩散连接接头的强度.研究说明前后处理工艺是热压扩散连接中非常重要的一项内容.     

大面积镜面电火花加工的实验研究

介绍了大面积镜面电火花加工法现状.通过改变混粉工作液中微粉的种类、浓度、加工参数以及加工面积进行了工艺试验.验证了混粉电火花加工的确能改善表面粗糙度.     

冷轧带钢在线磨辊辊面粗糙度的实验研究

对影响磨削辊面粗糙度的因素进行了系统分析和实验研究 ,得出了轧辊转速、砂轮速度、砂轮粒度、磨削液等因素对磨削辊面粗糙度影响的一般规律 ,利用回归分析的方法建立了粗糙度的数学模型     

湿热环境中汽车板表面腐蚀萌生与表面轮廓特征的关系

目的探究储运过程中深冲用汽车板表面轮廓对其耐蚀性能的影响。方法在模拟的高温高湿腐蚀环境中研究两类无间隙原子钢在其腐蚀初期表面锈点的萌生规律,并采用白光干涉轮廓仪对钢板的表面形貌特征进行表征,探究影响储运过程中汽车板耐蚀性能的表面状态因素。结果仅通过平均粗糙度Sa的差异无法区分具有不同表面轮廓特征的汽车板,因此也无法使用平均粗糙度参数Sa预估汽车板的耐蚀性能。在锈点萌生初期,汽车板表面轮廓的最大高度Sz和最大峰高Sp值的大小直接影响表面电化学活性。在锈点扩展阶段,汽车板表面波峰聚集程度的作用对锈点扩展的影响更为显著。结论 Sz和Sp越大,锈点萌生的速度越快;波峰聚集程度越高,锈点扩展速度越快。该研究结果为提高钢板表面耐蚀性能提供了一条新的思路。     

汽车翼子板零件的成形与工艺分析

通过对汽车翼子板零件投料冲压试验,对零件进行了应变测试分析,评价试验钢板的成形效果,分析了冲压工艺、表面粗糙度和板厚等条件对零件冲压生产的影响,得到翼子板零件的最佳用材方案及冲压工艺条件。     

最小化聚丙烯制品沉降斑的注塑工艺优化

基于CAE,通过Taguchi实验分析注塑工艺参数对PP制品沉降斑的影响,找出其中影响较大的因素作为重点关注参数,实现了注塑工艺的优化,改善了制品表面沉降斑,从而明显提高了制品的表面质量。     

流动镀Ni-P合金镀层工艺的研究

电沉积Ni-P合金镀层由于其优异的性能而在多个领域得到了广泛的应用;流动镀电沉积由于可以较快地提高电沉积速度而受到极大的关注;建立了镀液平行式流过电极表面的流动镀装置,采用该流动镀装置,通过改变电流密度、流速、电极间距等不同的工艺条件,研究了流动镀条件下,电流密度、流速、极间距对电沉积Ni-P合金镀层中P含量和表面形貌的影响规律,并初步探讨了流动镀条件下各工艺条件对电沉积过程的影响机理.     

电火花加工的现状与未来

近年来的EDM技术和各种适应控制方法不仅使加工效率更高,而且表面粗糙度亦更好、更均匀。EDM的数控系统大多数采用32位微处理器,所以控制功能和人机界面都有明显改善。WEDM(线切割)的切割速度高达300mm~2/min,几何精度进入微米级,最佳表面粗糙度已达到R_a0.5μm。 此文阐述了新的EDM技术,即SEDM(电火花成形加工)的超低耗损加工,模糊适应控制,混粉加工,WEDM的高速高精度加工和无电解加工,模具工业的工厂自动化系统(PA)已经进入实用阶段。     

钢包烟气捕集用吹吸式排风罩结构参数的数值模拟试验分析

针对炼钢工艺鱼雷式混铁车向钢包倒铁水工艺产生大量高温含尘烟气污染环境的问题,研究采用吹吸式排风罩技术对其进行控制。结合现场应用条件,建立了用于钢包烟气捕集的吹吸式排风罩的物理模型,利用计算流体动力学方法建立了流场的数值模拟计算模型。采用正交试验法对稳态条件下的吹风口宽度、吹风长度、吹风速度、吸风速度、吸风罩位置高度、吸风罩宽度、吸风罩高度等因素进行了试验研究。对试验结果分析得出了影响吹吸式排风罩性能诸因素的作用重要程度排序;其中,吹风口宽度、吹风速度是影响捕集率的最主要因素,吹风宽度与吹风速度的交互作用对捕集效率也有显著影响;给出了通过正交试验结果确定的优方案和考虑节能及适合实际工艺条件的优方案。     

Application of Taguchi method to selection of optimal lubrication and cutting conditions in face milling of AlMg3

This paper outlines the Taguchi optimization methodology, which is applied to optimize the cutting parameters in face milling when machining AlMg₃ (EN AW 5754) with HSS (high speed steel) tool under semi-finishing conditions in order to get the best surface roughness and the minimum power consumption. Beside the conventional flood lubrication, the investigations include the minimal quantity lubrication and the dry milling. These environment-friendly cutting techniques are considered two practical ways to the cleaner manufacturing in the context of the sustainable production. The parameters evaluated are the cutting speed, the depth of cut, the feed rate and the cooling lubrication techniques (cutting fluid flow). The appropriate orthogonal array, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of the mentioned parameters on the good surface finish (surface roughness). This paper illustrates the application of the techniques for single performance characteristics optimization, which employs the weighting factors to each of the S/N ration of the responses to obtain a multi-response S/N ratio for each trial of the orthogonal array and, finally, a single optimal process parameters setting. Using Taguchi method for the design of experiments (DOE), it is investigated the significant influence and the parameters interaction effect with minimum number of trials as compared with a full factorial design.     

2024-T3铝合金单搭接化铣板疲劳特性及失效机理

目的 研究2024-T3铝合金单搭接化铣板的疲劳性能及失效形式。方法 采用步进法对化铣板搭接件进行疲劳试验,运用奈尔检验法对疲劳强度进行数据处理,运用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析对典型疲劳断口进行观察和成分分析,对比基板厚度和铆钉孔径对化铣板搭接件疲劳强度的影响,分析并探讨2024-T3铝合金化铣板搭接件的疲劳失效形式及机理。结果 基板厚度对2024-T3铝合金化铣板搭接件的疲劳强度影响较大,而铆钉孔径影响较小。随着基板厚度的增加,化铣板搭接件的疲劳强度呈现出降低的趋势,对2种铆钉孔径(3、4 mm),厚度为1.8 mm化铣板搭接件的疲劳强度较厚度为0.6 mm的试样分别降低了13.2%和13.0%。基板厚度增加使铝合金化铣板搭接件的疲劳失效形式从上基板铆钉头部失效变为下基板纽扣处失效,并最终表现为铆钉断裂失效。结论 随着基板厚度增加,搭接件微动磨损加剧,加速了疲劳裂纹萌生,这是造成2024-T3铝合金化铣板搭接件疲劳强度显著降低的主要原因。     

Evaluation of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure and cutting parameters in turning of AISI 304L by Taguchi method

Many problems such as health and environment issues are identified with the use of cutting fluids (CFs). There has been a high demand for developing new environmentally friendly CFs such as vegetable based cutting fluids (VBCFs) to reduce these harmful effects. In this study, performances of six CFs, four different VBCFs from sunflower and canola oils with different ratios of extreme pressure (EP) additives, and two commercial types of CFs (semi-synthetic and mineral) are evaluated for reducing of surface roughness, and cutting and feed forces during turning of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel with carbide insert tool. Taguchi’s mixed level parameter design (L₁₈) is used for the experimental design. Cutting fluid, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut are considered as machining parameters. Regression analyses are applied to predict surface roughness, and cutting and feed forces. ANOVA is used to determine effects of the machining parameters and CFs on surface roughness, cutting and feed forces. In turning of AISI 304L, effects of feed rate and depth of cut are found to be more effective than CFs and spindle speed on reducing forces and improving the surface finish. Performances of VBCFs and commercial CFs are also compared and results generally show that sunflower and canola based CFs perform better than the others.     

Machining assessment of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used bio-ceramic in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. This study investigates the machinability of nano-crystalline HAP (nHAP) bio-ceramic in end milling operations, using uncoated carbide tool under dry cutting conditions. Efforts are focused on the effects of various machining conditions on surface integrity. A first order surface roughness model for the end milling of nHAP was developed using response surface methodology (RSM), relating surface roughness to the cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Model analysis showed that all three cutting parameters have significant effect on surface roughness. However, the current model has limited statistical predictive power and a higher order model is desired. Furthermore, tool wear and chip morphology was studied. Machined surface analysis showed that the surface integrity was good, and material removal was caused by brittle fracture without plastic flow.     

Process capability study of laser assisted micro milling of a hard-to-machine material

Laser assisted micro milling (LAMM) is capable of generating three-dimensional micro scale features in hard-to-machine materials. This paper compares the process capability of LAMM with conventional micro milling of a hardened tool steel. In particular, the potential advantages of LAMM over micro milling with respect to cutting forces, tool wear, material removal rate, burr formation and surface roughness are investigated when micro milling hardened A2 tool steel (62 HRC). The results show that LAMM has significant advantages over micro milling, especially in terms of cutting forces, material removal rate and tool wear. The average reduction in the resultant cutting force is found to be up to 69% with laser assist. In addition, tool wear is found to be substantially less with laser assist even when the material removal rates are increased by a factor of six over the tool manufacturer recommended cutting conditions.     

Parametric glass milling with simultaneous control

Parametric glass milling is presented to machine periodical circular channels on the glass plates for manufacturing micro testing devices. An end mill traverses in the linear motion during the workpiece rotation, which are synchronized by simultaneous control. The glass milling is controlled by 4 parameters in a mathematical model without NC program. Based on the principle of the parametric machining and the effect of the cutter axis inclination on the cutting process, a milling machine was developed to perform the parametric glass milling with an inclined ball end mill. The cutter axis inclination and the actual feed rate are associated with the critical feed rate, the maximum feed rate at which a crack-free surface is finished. As a machining example, a periodical circular channel was machined with a transparent surface by the simultaneous control.     

Analysis of machined surface quality in a single-pass of ball-end milling on Inconel 718

The ball-end milling process is widely used for generating three-dimensional sculptured surfaces with definite curvature. In such cases, variation of surface properties along the machined surface curvatures is not well understood. Therefore, this paper reports the effect of machining parameters on the quality of surface obtained in a single-pass of a ball-end milling cutter with varying chip cross-sectional area. This situation is analogous to generation of free form cavities, pockets, and round fillets on mould surfaces. The machined surfaces show formation of distinct bands as a function of instantaneous machining parameters along the periphery of cutting tool edge, chip compression and instantaneous shear angle. A distinct variation is also observed in the measured values of surface roughness and micro-hardness in these regions. The maximum surface roughness is observed near the tool tip region on the machined surface. The minimum surface roughness is obtained in the stable cutting zone and it increases towards the periphery of the cutter. Similar segmentation was observed on the deformed chips, which could be correlated with the width of bands on the machined surfaces. The sub-surface quality analysis in terms of micro-hardness helped define machining affected zone (MAZ). The parametric effects on the machining induced shear and residual stresses have also been evaluated.     

基体表面状态对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/2024铝合金间附着力影响

目的研究不同表面状态对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/2024铝合金间附着力影响规律。方法结合硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层的综合性能与实际应用情况,选取4种常见的预处理方式来改变基体表面状态,采用拉拔测试仪测试不同基体表面状态(基体表面p H值、基体表面粗糙度、基体表面能),涂层/基体间的附着力值,研究基体表面状态对该涂层/基体间附着力的影响关系。结果基体表面状体影响涂层附着力的根本原因是基体表面能、基体表面p H值和基体表面粗糙度。结论对于硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层,其表面处理方式可用热碱清洗方法代替传统铬酸盐钝化;当硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层喷涂厚度为30μm时,将铝合金基体表面粗糙度控制在Ra=4.75μm左右,可保证涂层有好的附着性,附着力值为8.84 MPa。     

2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤形貌演化分析

目的探索2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤形貌的演化规律。方法开展实验室内2A12铝合金的加速腐蚀实验。为实现表面粗糙度与腐蚀损伤相关性的定量研究,首先采用3D扫描成像仪对实验样品进行扫描,取得样品微观几何特征,实现表面粗糙度值的数字化定量表征。观察样品在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤的发生发展过程、腐蚀形貌的演化过程,测量腐蚀样品蚀坑深度,并分析表面粗糙度对样品腐蚀损伤的影响。结果当腐蚀时间不超过6 h时,2A12铝合金样品在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀类型主要为点蚀,随着时间的延长,将向全面腐蚀发展。粗糙度值高的试件表面有打磨时形成的较深表面纹理,这些纹理制约了点蚀坑的扩展,使蚀坑沿纹理的方向发展,有演化为微裂纹的可能性,蚀坑边界的不规则处也会萌生微裂纹。粗糙度值较小的样品,腐蚀损伤也较小,但粗糙度对腐蚀损伤的影响随时间的延长而减弱。结论常温下,2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中首先发生点蚀,由于蚀坑向四周扩展的速度快于深度方向,使腐蚀类型从点蚀向全面腐蚀演变。表面粗糙度对2A12铝合金样品腐蚀损伤形貌的演化有重要影响,表面微观几何特征通过制约蚀坑扩展方向的方式来改变样品的腐蚀行为,并造成腐蚀损伤的明显差异。随着腐蚀时间的延长,材料逐渐失去其原有表面微观几何特征,表面粗糙度对腐蚀行为的影响下降。