可燃粉尘爆炸基础研究综述

对工业可燃粉尘爆炸基础研究进行了综述.对粉尘爆炸领域有史以来的主要基础研究成果进行了高度概括,内容涉及引起粉尘爆炸的可燃物质、影响粉尘云可燃性和爆炸性的因素、粉尘云在空气中的燃烧、引发粉尘爆炸的点火源、一次和二次粉尘爆炸、粉尘闪燃、杂混物的爆炸及粉尘云爆轰8个方面.回顾了粉尘爆炸的预防和缓解措施进展,指出了本质安全设计的意义.最后针对纳米颗粒粉尘的爆炸特性进行了探讨,通常粉尘的最小点火能随粉尘粒径减小而减小、爆炸指数随粉尘粒径减小而增大,这种趋势直到粉尘粒径减小到1～10 μm一直存在,但这种趋势可能不会持续到纳米粉体级别,可能的两个原因是纳米粉体的难于分散和凝并作用.     

粉尘爆炸种种

生产上,可以被氧化的粉尘如煤粉、化纤粉、金属粉、面粉、木粉、棉、麻、毛等,在一定条件下均能发生着火或爆炸.因此,粉尘爆炸的危险性广泛存在于冶金、石油化工、煤炭、轻工、能源、粮食、医药、纺织等行业.以下是几起比较典型的粉尘爆炸事故.     

粉尘为什么会爆炸?如何降低粉尘爆炸危害?

前段时间看到一则新闻:一群大学生在过生日时,为了制造气氛,就互相撒面粉,结果爆炸了,使多人受伤。很多人看到或许都会疑惑,好好的面粉怎就会爆炸了呢?专家给出的解释是:这是一种粉尘爆炸现象。     

环境温度对粉尘爆炸参数的影响

研究了环境温度对萘酐(C10H6O2)粉尘爆炸参数的影响,得到了随着温度的升高,最大爆炸压力峰值变化不大;而最大压力上升速率增大,爆炸下限浓度降低,安全氧含量也会降低.根据化学动力学理论对这一影响进行了分析.     

粉尘爆炸及其防护

随着现代化工业的发展,粉末技术的广泛应用,粉末产物日益增多,这就使粉尘爆炸的潜在危险大大增加。一般认为,爆炸前固体向蒸发表面提供足够的热量是爆炸的必要条件。通常,在固体物质中,产生的热量很容易被固体本身吸收,然而对粉末来说,发生氧化的表面积很大,而颗粒的体积却很小。因此,极易使温度上升,氧化速度增快。氧化本身就是一种放热反应,从而会产生更多的热量,以致很快达到失控状态。一但在空气中处于爆     

我国粉尘爆炸事故原因及预防对策

论述了我国粉尘爆炸事故的分类和宏观发展趋势，分析了造成粉尘爆炸事故多发的原因，提出了预防粉尘爆炸事故的对策。     

易燃混合气体爆炸完全基元反应模型数值模拟

采用完全基元反应模型和高精度ENO格式对易燃混合气体爆炸过程进行了数值研究,对H2/O2/Ar混合气体起爆和爆轰波传播过程的数值模拟结果表明,计算的爆轰波阵面参数和实验相当符合,对轰波反应区化学反应的研究表明,参与反应的不同组分具有不同类型的变化特征,这些特征为爆炸灾害的预防设计提供了线索。     

热爆炸理论在粉尘爆炸机理研究中的应用

笔者对粉尘爆炸的几种机理进行了简要分析,认为粉尘爆炸是由热爆炸引起的.在对粉尘燃烧过程作了较为合理的假设后,将热爆炸理论中均温系统的热爆炸判据,应用于粉尘爆炸中,得出了爆炸下限与粉尘粒径呈线性关系的结论,且与实验符合,并推导出粉尘的热爆炸判据.结果表明:用热爆炸理论来解释粉尘爆炸机理是可行的.     

Post-explosion observations of experimental mine and laboratory coal dust explosions

The Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) conducted joint research on dust explosions by studying post-explosion dust samples. The samples were collected after full-scale explosions at the PRL Lake Lynn Experimental Mine (LLEM), and after laboratory explosions in the PRL 20-L chamber and the Fike 1 m³ chamber. The dusts studied included both high- and low-volatile bituminous coals. Low temperature ashing for 24 h at 515 °C was used to measure the incombustible content of the dust before and after the explosions. The data showed that the post-explosion incombustible content was always as high as, or higher than the initial incombustible content. The MSHA alcohol coking test was used to determine the amount of coked dust in the post-explosion samples. The results showed that almost all coal dust that was suspended within the explosion flame produced significant amounts of coke. Measurements of floor dust concentrations after LLEM explosions were compared with the initial dust loadings to determine the transport distance of dust during an explosion. All these data will be useful in future forensic investigations of accidental dust explosions in coal mines, or elsewhere.     

密闭爆炸容器实验研究及数值模拟

实验研究了三种结构的爆炸容器在爆炸载荷下的响应情况；并通过二维多流体欧拉程序对二维爆炸场进行了数值模拟．在这个基础上用ＮＩＫＥ－２Ｄ对壳体的动态响应进行数值模拟。     

粉尘爆炸研究方向初探

本文从现有的对粉尘爆炸特性的认识出发,分析了粉尘云特性,粉尘爆炸与爆轰,湍流对反应波阵面的加速几个方面,提出了近期应该在粉尘爆炸参数测试技术标准化、粉尘指数K_(st)、粉尘爆燃转炸轰的过程、泄炸机理以及控炸装置和控炸设计规范等方面的研究上下功夫,以便更有效地利用现有的试验条件,更快、更多、更好地解决工程实际问题。     

Measuring the violence of dust explosions with the “20 l sphere” and with the standard “ISO 1 m vessel”: Systematic comparison and analysis of the discrepancies

On the basis of a systematic testwork with a number of different dusts, the explosion indices as determined within the 20 l sphere and with the ISO-VDI 1 m³ vessel have been compared. The repeatability has been assessed and since some systematic deviations appear a refined physical analysis of the explosion processes is developed. It appears in particular that the cube root law supposed to link both vessels is not verified. A striking illustration of this appears when a dust with a significant explosion severity inside the 20 l sphere is not even explosible in the larger vessel. It is strongly suggested that the ignition energy is forcing very significantly the explosion in the smaller vessel inducing several tens of Celsius degrees of preheating. It is shown also that the inner level of turbulence is decreasing very fast in the 20 l sphere during the flame development so that difficult-to-ignite mixtures would tend to burn at a lower combustion rate. It is further demonstrated that the major bias between the chambers can be explained and quantified with these elements. A correlation with the standard 1 m³ vessel and a grid of interpretation of the data is proposed.     

硝铵炸药生产中的事故防范

通过分析硝铵炸药生产中发生的火灾和爆炸事故，认为硝铵混合物在高温条件下的热分解是引发这类事故的主要原因；还给出硝酸铵热分解的要点，并提出预防恶性事故的措施。【关键词】