共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
密闭空间作业是石油化工企业比较频繁的危险作业,若控制失误,将发生火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故。因此,分析密闭空间作业的事故成因,探讨其安全管理模式,是石油化工企业预防事故的关键工作之一。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
安全生产管理的中心任务和最终目的,是通过一系列手段和措施消除隐患,预防各类生产事故的发生,特别是工伤事故的发生。但是,由于生产作业环境的复杂多变,作业人员安全素质的参差不齐,企业管理水平的高低不等,工伤事故还是时有发生。 相似文献
6.
受限空间作业危险性分析及安全防范措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于受限空间作业具有涉及行业广,作业环境特殊,危险性大等特点,容易发生火灾、爆炸、中毒和窒息等事故,严重威胁作业人员生命和设备财产安全。本文对2001年—2009年期间发生的典型受限空间作业事故进行了统计分析,总结了受限空间作业环境特点,分析了事故涉及的行业以及事故分布情况,然后结合事故案例,针对提出的典型受限空间作业事故类型及事故原因进行了分析,并提出了针对性的安全防范措施,以期指导安全生产。 相似文献
7.
《中国安全科学学报》2017,(3)
为探究有限空间作业事故的特征和原因,统计北京市2006—2015年间的有限空间作业事故类型、发生时间及发生区域等数据,同时分析事故发生的直接原因和间接原因,并应用社会网络分析法研究影响有限空间作业安全管理的关键要素。结果表明,有限空间作业事故以中毒和窒息为主,多发于夏季,区域内事故起数与其常住人口数量有关;事故发生的直接原因是人的不安全行为,主要表现为作业前未检测、未通风以及作业时未佩戴个体防护用品;事故发生的间接原因是管理存在缺陷;有限空间作业安全管理的关键要素是领导层安全意识、安全投入和安全培训等。 相似文献
8.
本文结合船舶修造行业密闭舱室作业的特点,分析了船舶密闭舱室作业存在的危险因素和有害因素,从安全技术和安全管理两方面提出了控制密闭舱室作业事故的预防措施,以提高作业人员、设备设施和作业环境的本质安全水平,从而有效预防密闭舱室作业事故的发生,降低密闭舱室作业产生的危害,提高船舶修造安全管理水平. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
紧急避险设施作为灾变情况下为井下人员提供安全避险的密闭空间,要求能够对空间内部的有毒有害气体进行及时处理。针对井下密闭空间内部一氧化碳气体的吸附处理问题,采用北京科技大学避险技术研究中心的地面模拟救生舱作为实验平台,以实验为基本手段,对两种药剂A、B在不同药剂量、风量的情况下进行去除效率的对比实验,并测定环境湿度对药剂性能的影响,确定一氧化碳药剂的最佳吸附条件,以达到提高去除效率的目的。最终得出药剂A以全风量条件下4kg时吸附效果为最佳,药剂B以全风量条件下8kg时吸附效果为最佳,湿度对一氧化碳药剂的吸附效率有显著影响,需配合干燥剂使用。 相似文献
12.
为了研究受限空间作业过程的事故特性和致因机理,指导人员有效辨识受限空间作业风险,采取正确的应急救援措施。对2012年1月至2018年12月发生的典型受限空间作业过程事故进行了统计,并根据行为安全“2-4”模型对事故致因进行了分析,改变了传统事故原因的分类方法。将事故致因从一次性行为、习惯性行为、运行行为和指导行为4个方面进行划分,将安全管理体系划分为事故的根本原因。结果表明,受限空间作业事故伤害主要来源于气体中毒或窒息,盲目施救是导致受限空间人员伤亡的主要原因。基于行为安全“2-4”模型,提出从个人行为控制和组织行为控制两个层面的受限空间作业事故防控措施,对有效预防受限空间作业和救援事故,降低事故危害程度有指导意义。 相似文献
13.
Mustafa Onder Seyhan Onder Erhan Adiguzel 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):239-248
Underground mining is considered to be one of the most dangerous industries and mining remains the most hazardous occupation. Categorical analysis of accident records may present valuable information for preventing accidents. In this study, hierarchical loglinear analysis was applied to occupational injuries that occurred in an underground coal mine. The main factors affecting the accidents were defined as occupation, area, reason, accident time and part of body affected. By considering subfactors of the main factors, multiway contingency tables were prepared and, thus, the probabilities that might affect nonfatal injuries were investigated. At the end of the study, important accident risk factors and job groups with a high probability of being exposed to those risk factors were determined. This article presents important information on decreasing the number accidents in underground coal mines. 相似文献
14.
探讨职业中毒场所因盲目施救引发伤亡事故扩大的原因及控制对策,为企业和相关部门实施有效的安全管理提供依据。采用分析归纳方法,界定盲目施救行为。依据突发事件引发的紧急情况的特点,分析得出有限作业空间发生的中毒窒息事故属于常规突发事件。盲目施救导致伤亡扩大事故发生的主要行业和作业特性显示,安全监管的疏漏是事故发生的原因。根据社会心理学理论,对中毒人员的施救属于利他行为,盲目施救是人在应激状态下失控的冲动行为,这一行为与人对不安全行为的预期后果相关,应急知识和能力的缺乏是导致盲目施救行为发生的主要原因。根据上述研究结论,提出避免常规突发事件引发盲目施救行为的对策。 相似文献
15.
本文以某发射场为例,通过主要危险源辨识、作业单元划分、现场调查和监测统计,利用风险指数评估法对液体推进剂职业中毒风险进行量化评价,结果表明:液体推进剂作业存在极度和高度职业中毒风险,发射场液体推进剂作业职业中度风险主要来源于液体推进剂及氮气;液体推进剂设备维修、应急救援及进罐作业存在极度职业中毒风险,转注/加注、取样为高度风险,化验及"三废"处理属于中度风险。根据评价结果并借鉴以往事故经验教训,指出职业中毒伤害与工程控制、个体防护措施和安全意识密切相关,不使用或不能正确使用呼吸防护装备是引发职业中毒的主要原因,并提出针对性的防护措施建议。 相似文献
16.
赵宏光 《中国安全生产科学技术》2007,3(3):111-113
针对目前企业职业危害问题严重,群发性职业危害事故时有发生,指出当前安全生产监督管理部门在职业卫生监察工作中面临的法规建设、检测资质认可、三方协调机制几项重要工作,做好这些工作有利于安全生产监督管理工作。 相似文献
17.
18.
International comparisons of the frequency of occupational accidents are rare because figures reported by each country are influenced by factors other than differences in the occurrence of actual accidents. In this study, we performed an international comparison of occupational accidents which distinguishes between fatal cases and all reported accidents, in order to control for the effects of other factors in accident reporting. Annual data on the numbers of fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1993 and 1998 were obtained from the Labour Statistics Database, which is operated by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The average incidence of all accidents across OECD countries ranged from 17 to 4608 per 100,000 persons in the labor force, whereas the incidence of fatal accidents across OECD countries ranged from 1 to 12 per 100,000 persons in the labor force. Lethality rates per 10,000 total accident cases ranged from 9 (Germany) to 3252 (Turkey). When comparing countries using the same statistical definition of accidents, three or more absence days, the difference in lethality of reported accidents within the same industrial sector is reduced to a sixfold difference (49 for the United Kingdom versus 333 for Ireland). Furthermore, the difference in lethality decreased to about twofold (18 for Spain versus 35 for Czech Republic) in the group using definitions with a criteria of one absent day. The results suggest that reported differences in lethality can reflect artificial administrative factors rather than the harmful factors that cause actual occupational accidents. To make more valid comparison of occupational accident between countries, harmonization of accident statistics is required. 相似文献
19.
20.
Ladan Mohammadi John A. Meech 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(1):261-271
In 2006, an unprecedented atmospheric confined space accident took place in a sampling shed at the Sullivan Mine in Kimberley, British Columbia. This accident suggests that a risk assessment should be carried out on a regular basis at mine reclamation sites for many years after closure. In this paper, an Atmospheric Fuzzy Risk Assessment (AFRA) tool is described that can assess atmospheric risk given heuristic and measured data at such sites. It can also serve to transfer knowledge about atmospheric hazards in an enclosed structure. The system uses fuzzy logic to input and output information and to perform weighted inferencing. The paper describes the developmental process as well as system verification and validation based on a number of known test and reference waste dumps. AFRA is a heuristic expert system based on fuzzy logic and the first tool that was developed to assess the atmospheric risk of mine waste dumps. The atmospheric risk is estimated by fuzzy Mamdani system given the values of four major elements of risk comprising of: gas generation, gas emission, gas confinement, and human exposure. The ability of AFRA to adapt its risk assessment to different climate conditions is explained. There are many physical, chemical, and environmental factors which fluctuate over time affecting oxygen-depletion in waste dumps. AFRA can help mining engineers and mine managers recognize this type of danger when conducting a confined space inventory at a reclamation site. 相似文献