企业应急管理体系建设模式研究—以轨道交通工程建设行业为例*

为解决当前企业应急管理体系建设滞后于社会治理的总体要求,缺乏法规标准支撑,尚未形成以法定责任和法定任务为指引的模式等问题,以北京市轨道交通工程建设为例,总结实践经验,以角色辨识、责任辨识和任务辨识为切入点,以预案、体制、机制、法制建设为核心,在企业层面提出一种应急管理体系建设模式和构建方法。研究结果可为同行业、同系统其他企业的应急管理体系顶层设计、具体构建和管理实践提供参考和借鉴。     

Exploring the perceived influence of safety management practices on project performance in the construction industry

Although safety management is known to be vital to construction projects, very few studies have solicited views from construction practitioners about their perceptions of which safety management practices (SMPs) are important to construction projects and related to project performance. An empirical study was undertaken in Hong Kong in order to shed more light on this topic. In the study, the importance levels of 15 popular SMPs and five project performance criteria were rated by 232 respondents. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and three SMP categories - information, process, and committees - were extracted. Of these three categories, safety management process was perceived by the construction practitioners as being the most important, followed by safety management information and committees. Moreover, the effect of the three SMP categories on a composite project performance variable was tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicate that the “information” and “committees” categories were associated with project performance positively and significantly. One of the major conclusions of the study is that the construction industry has paid relatively less attention to safety management committees, which were empirically analyzed as having a strong perceived impact on project performance. In order to improve project performance, construction companies should promote the criticality of safety management committees.     

完善旅游行业安全监管模式的对策研究

旅游安全是旅游的生命线,关系到人民群众的生命财产安全、关系到社会稳定、关系到建设和谐社会的大局。北京作为我国的首都,也是全国的政治和文化中心,对北京市的旅游安全监管体制展开研究,对于加强北京市旅游行业安全监管体系建设,提高北京市旅游行业安全监管的效能,建设和谐、稳定和安全的首都社会环境,有着重要意义。本研究以北京市旅游行业安全监管的情况为例,分析旅游行业安全监管工作的现状,指出旅游行业安全监管模式存在问题和不足,提出完善旅游行业安全监管模式的对策。     

Data mining for occupational injuries in the Taiwan construction industry

There is a higher rate of occupational injury in the construction industry than most other industries on average. However, steps can be taken to reduce worker risk through effective injury prevention strategies. In this article, association rule mining is employed in identifying the characteristics of occupational injuries in the construction industry. Accident reports during the period 1999–2004 are extracted from case reports of the Northern Region Inspection Office of the Council of Labor Affairs of Taiwan. In addition to general factors, several factors related to weather conditions are included in this article. The results show that there are some patterns of occupational injuries in the construction industry. The effect of rain on the occurrence of fatalities is of great significance. Proposed inspection plans should be in accordance with the type of construction and environmental evaluation. The findings identified in this article provide a direction for more effective inspection strategies and injury prevention programs.     

Vibrating hand-held machines in the construction industry

The aim of this study was to investigate and measure vibration levels of the most commonly used machines within the construction industry. In the report 186 hand-held machines divided into more than 15 different machine groups have been studied. The project is a joint venture between Bygghälsan (The Constructions Industry's Organization for Working Environment, Safety & Health) and the National Institute of Occupational Health.     

A fuzzy risk assessment approach for occupational hazards in the construction industry

The techniques in the construction industry have been improved due to the rapid development of science and technology. However, the constructional hazards are not decreased as expected. To reduce or prevent occupational hazards in the construction industry, a fuzzy risk assessment method was proposed to provide a prevention and improvement technique against occupational hazards. This method used two-stage quality function deployment (QFD) tables to represent the relationships among construction items, hazard types and hazard causes. A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) method was developed to identify important hazard types and hazard causes. Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) was performed to assess the risk value of hazard causes based on the fuzzy inference approach. The proposed method was applied to a telecom engineering company in southern Taiwan. The performance evaluation result indicated that this method can provide satisfactory risk assessment values of hazard causes and relevant improvement strategies.     

建筑业安全问题的经济学分析

基于我国目前建筑业的安全现状和建筑业普遍存在的安全问题，从经济学的角度阐明了建筑业的安全问题是一种外部不经济现象，是企业为了追求利润的最大化而采取的经济活动所产生的后果，而导致这种现象的根本原因是市场或政府失灵，进而提出了改善安全状况的对策措施和建议。     

建筑工人安全行为习惯的塑造策略与方法

为帮助建筑工人养成良好的安全行为习惯,基于操作性条件反射理论,在开展两轮调查的基础上,分析建筑工人的安全心理和行为特点及其安全行为习惯的特性,提出建筑工人安全行为习惯的塑造策略和方法,设计应用方案并进行评价。结果表明:安全行为习惯具有稳定性、自觉性和自动性;安全行为习惯塑造以低起点、小坡度、抓细节、重坚持、多实践为核心要求,以班组层面的塑造活动为核心任务;安全行为习惯塑造在过程体验和长期效果方面具有优势,但在强制力和针对性方面存在不足。     

Flow diagram analysis of electrical fatalities in construction industry

The current study reanalyzed 250 electrical fatalities in the construction industry from 1996 to 2002 into seven patterns based on source of electricity (power line, energized equipment, improperly installed or damaged equipment), direct contact or indirect contact through some source of injury (boom vehicle, metal bar or pipe, and other conductive material). Each fatality was coded in terms of age, company size, experience, performing tasks, source of injury, accident cause and hazard pattern. The Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) was applied to the coded data of the fatal electrocution to find a subset of predictors that might derive meaningful classifications or accident scenarios. A series of flow diagrams was constructed based on CHAID result to illustrate the flow of electricity traveling from electrical source to human body. Each of the flow diagrams can be directly linked with feasible prevention strategies by cutting the flow of electricity.     

在提升企业安全管理中的思考

一轻控股有限责任公司(简称:控股公司)大力宏扬科学的发展观,坚持真抓实干、常抓不懈,逐步改变安全生产条件,从根本上实现安全生产工作的稳定好转.控股公司的基本做法是以抓基础工作为主,坚持以人为本,加强安全生产宣传教育,下功夫增强全体员工的安全意识,提高全民安全素质,把安全生产建立在广泛的群众性的基础上,尽最大努力控制和减少了事故的发生.     

Occupational risk assessment in the construction industry in Iran

Occupational accidents in the construction industry are more common compared with other fields and these accidents are more severe compared with the global average in developing countries, especially in Iran. Studies which lead to the source of these accidents and suggest solutions for them are therefore valuable. In this study a combination of the failure mode and effects analysis method and fuzzy theory is used as a semi-qualitative–quantitative method for analyzing risks and failure modes. The main causes of occupational accidents in this field were identified and analyzed based on three factors; severity, detection and occurrence. Based on whether the risks are high or low priority, modifying actions were suggested to reduce the occupational risks. Finally, the results showed that high priority risks had a 40% decrease due to these actions.     

Environmental risk source management system for the petrochemical industry

We identify environmental risk sources within the petrochemical industry with a bow-tie analysis, evaluate environmental risk sources with an integrated environmental risk assessment index, and classify environmental risk sources considering both environmental consequences and management costs. Furthermore, we develop a routine management system for environmental risk sources based on browser/server model and web-GIS technology. The system has four main functions: petrochemical enterprise registration and declaration, environmental risk source information correction and confirmation, environmental risk source evaluation and classification, and environmental risk source management. The system runs with the following sequential steps. (1) Petrochemical enterprises register and declare their environmental risk source information. (2) The registered environmental risk source information is checked, corrected and confirmed by local environmental officials. (3) The probability and intensity of environmental risk are calculated for all registered petrochemical factories. (4) All environmental risk sources are classified into high, medium and low risk sections based on their potential regional environmental and ecological impacts. (5) The system provides recommendations on the routine risk management based on empirical expert opinions. The software provides an effective tool for safety production of petrochemical enterprises and can be applied by local governments for environmental risk source management.     

Heuristics as adaptive decision strategies in management

In the management literature, heuristics are often conceived of as a source of systematic error, whereas logic and statistics are regarded as the sine qua non of good decision making. Yet, this view can be incorrect for decisions made under uncertainty, as opposed to risk. Research on fast and frugal heuristics shows that simple heuristics can be successful in complex, uncertain environments and also when and why this is the case. This article describes the conceptual framework of heuristics as adaptive decision strategies and connects it with the managerial literature. We review five classes of heuristics, analyze their common building blocks, and show how these are applied in managerial decision making. We conclude by highlighting some prominent opportunities for future research in the field. In the uncertain world of management, simple heuristics can lead to better and faster decisions than complex statistical procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

市政工程施工管理中环保型施工策略的运用

社会进步的前提下,城市建设加快了步伐,市政工程的施工项目也越来越多,随之产生了诸多的污染问题。为了改善这种情况,我国要求施工企业针对粉尘、废水、废气等对环境造成破坏的因素进行相应的处理。施工企业结合项目与周边环境的实际情况,设计出以环保为原则的绿色施工方式,从而逐一解决各种不同的污染问题。环保型施工策略的应用,在促进了城市建设的同时,也实现了与环境的可持续发展,具有着重要的意义。     

Occupational fatalities due to electrocutions in the construction industry

Introduction

Occupational fatalities due to contact with electricity account for approximately 9% of all deaths in the construction industry and is the fourth leading cause of death in this industry.

Method

Differences in the proportions of electrocutions in the construction industry are significantly different from other industries based upon the age of the worker and the source of the electricity.

Results

This study found that, in the construction industry, the proportion of occupational fatalities due to contact with electric current is significantly higher for workers in the 16 to 19 years old age group. Contact with overhead power lines occurred more frequently with younger workers, while contact with electric wiring, transformers, and related equipment was found to occur more frequently with older workers. The proportion of fatalities due to this event was also found to account for a significantly greater proportion of fatalities in the construction industry overall.

Impact on industry

The proportions of electrocution fatalities in the construction industry were found to be significantly higher for younger workers when compared to all other industries. Focusing prevention measures toward younger workers who work near overhead power lines could have a significant impact upon death rates. For older workers, the focus should be on those who work on or near transformers, electrical wiring, and components. Across the construction industry, implementation of effective lockout-tagout programs, and verification of energy isolation, can prevent approximately 125 fatalities per year in the construction industry.     

Coercive pressure as a moderator of organizational structure and risk management: Empirical evidence from Malaysian construction industry

Introduction: The construction industry in Malaysia has been bedevilled by myriads of risk issues that have hampered its smooth operations in recent times. This paper is an empirical assessment that aims to examine the effect of coercive pressure on the relationship between organizational structure and construction risk management among construction industry in Malaysia. Method: Based on the proposed model, a quantitative method was employed to obtain data from G7 construction industry operating within the peninsular Malaysia. Out of the 180 copies of questionnaire, 165 copies were properly filled, returned, and used for the analysis. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The findings of the study affirmed that specialization, centralization, and management of risk by the construction industry had positive correlation. Conclusions: As anticipated, coercive pressure had positive moderating correlation with both formalization and the management of risk by the construction industry. Similarly, it was also found that in the course of carrying out construction activities, coercive pressure made significant interactive influence on formalization, specialization, and centralization. Practical Applications: Coercive pressure reduced the frequency of accidents among workers in the process of carrying out construction works.     

地铁土建工程风险管理的思考

风险管理理论提供了前瞻性的安全管理方法，越来越得到人们的重视和广泛应用，其实质是以最经济合理的方式消除风险导致的各种灾害性后果。本文结合企业安全管理工作实际，简要地阐述了在地铁土建工程建设中开展安全风险管理的必要性，通过建立地铁土建工程的监测、评估、预警、应急体系以及一些可靠的管理方法，可以预防和减轻地铁土建工程风险，以达到降低风险等级的目的。     

我国建筑业安全生产状况浅析

建筑业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,也是安全事故率较高的行业之一,其安全生产状况一直受到各方面的广泛重视。为了分析我国建筑业近年来安全生产形势,对我国近十年来的建筑业安全生产现状进行统计,结果表明建筑生产安全事故起数和死亡人数持续下降,建筑业安全生产整体形势逐年趋好。同时从政府管理职能、企业管理机构和职业卫生管理三个层面对建筑业安全生产中存在的问题进行剖析。从政府管理部门的职能、行业协会、劳动保护机构、企业内部的安全保证体系等几个方面剖析了德国的建筑安全管理体系的构成。通过与建筑业安全生产管理体系先进的德国进行对比分析,提出加强政府管理职能、从政府到企业真正做到以人为本以及增强安全文化建设三个解决措施。