西渡造纸厂综合污水处理工程的设计

西渡造纸厂综合工业废水 1 80 0 0m3 /d ,废水中含有纤维、木质素、半纤维素、草屑、泥灰、炉灰和纸浆短纤维等固溶物和微量的可溶性有机物以及碱等 ,同时含有大量的不溶性有机物 ;水呈黑色 ,属难生化的高浓度有机废水。在污水处理工程设计中通过对造纸黑液采用水解酸化 UBF 混凝沉淀联合处理工艺 ,出水可达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GWPB2 1 999)要求     

西渡造纸厂综合污水处理工程的设计

西渡造纸厂综合工业废水18000m^3／d，废水中含有纤维、木质素、半纤维素、草屑、泥灰、炉灰和纸浆短纤维等固溶物和微量的可溶性有机物以及碱等，同时含有大量的不溶性有机物；水呈黑色，属难生化的高浓度有机废水。在污水处理工程设计中通过对造纸黑液采用水解酸化-UBF-混凝沉淀联合处理工艺，出水可达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GWPB2-1999)要求。     

废水难生物降解与生物抑制毒性分析研究

针对某市政污水处理厂实际问题,开展了废水COD组分划分和废水生物抑制毒性测试等实验研究,并对废水溶解性有机组分进行了半定量分析。结果显示:该废水含有约40~50mg/L的以半挥发性有机物(SVOC)为主的难生物降解COD组分;含有较高浓度的挥发性有机物(VOC)类物质,导致其表现出明显的生物抑制毒性。     

对含己内酰胺综合废水的生化处理

在生产锦纶帘子布的聚合工序中，产生含有高浓度己内酰胺单体及其低聚物的有机废水，采取对其单独厌氧预处理，提高可生化性后，与生活污水混合，再进行A^1/O生化处理，达到了良好的除碳和脱氮的效果。     

高浓度抗菌素有机废水的好氧处理

采用生物三相流化床—生物接触氧化串联的全好氧生化流程处理高浓度抗菌素有机废水,在进水COD为20000mg/1时,设备容积负荷为7.15kgCOD/m~3·d,COD去除效果在97％以上,为用好氧生化处理高浓度有机废水提供了途径。     

不同来源高浓度有机废水的集中处理

按照水质情况,将多种来源于不同工业生产过程中的高浓度有机废水划分为高悬浮固体乳化液废水、难生化高浓度有机废水、高悬浮固体不含油有机废水、含铬有机废水和杂质含量较少的乳化液废水5类,分别采用酸化破乳/Fen-ton氧化/混凝/絮凝、Fenton氧化/混凝/絮凝、混凝/絮凝、还原/混凝/絮凝、震动膜过滤技术作为生化预处理技术,并通过小试和中试验证了各技术的效果。实验结果表明,按照上述分类结果,采用不同预处理技术可以得到良好的效果,废水水质明显改善,满足继续生化处理的基本条件。各预处理生产装置处理效果稳定,同时生化系统已经稳定运行120天以上,COD去除率超过90%,出水经过低剂量的Fenton试剂处理后可达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ343-2012)。     

膜萃取处理高浓度工业苯胺废水

大连市某药业公司生产中产生的高浓度苯胺废水可生化性极差,传统工艺处理该废水难度大,且不能回收利用苯胺.采用膜萃取工艺处理该废水,工艺运行稳定,苯胺去除率高.实验结果表明,在进水流量为3.05 L/d、反应温度为50 ℃、萃取液pH≈1、膜管长18 m条件下,进水苯胺质量浓度为33 081 mg/L时,苯胺去除率稳定在97%以上.进行经济核算,每吨废水净收益为103.84元.     

二步浓缩法处理硫化染料废水回收大苏打

平湖金平化工有限公司生产硫化染料过程中产生高浓度染料废水 ,其治理是一大难题 ,该废水不仅影响着周边环境 ,而且也制约着企业的生产发展 ,是太湖流域污水限期治理重点企业之一。公司排放的染料废水中含有 1 3 %的大苏打 ,以前曾用蒸汽加热一步浓缩方法治理废水 ,回收大苏打 ,但回收效果不理想。经过多次试验成功地用二步浓缩直接加热的方法处理废水 ,回收大苏打 ,通过一年半的生产实践 ,取得了令人满意的效果。1　二步浓缩直接加热法染料废水分二步进行浓缩 ,第一步就是将染料废水加上药剂后进行加热浓缩 ;第二次浓缩就是将第一步浓缩后…     

Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理油田采油废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理生物难降解的采油废水的研究结果表明 ,Fenton氧化技术不但对采油废水中有机质有较好的去除率 ,而且大大地改善了废水的可生化性 ,在H2 O2 的投加浓度和Fe2 + 与H2 O2 的摩尔比分别为10mmol/L和 0 .1的条件下 ,经过 30min氧化后可使废水BOD值由原来的 5mg/L上升至 4 0mg/L ;同时随着氧化时间的延长 ,废水中残余的有机物分子量逐渐降低。 30min氧化后的废水经过生物处理 ,其出水COD值为 10 2mg/L ,可以满足国家综合污水外排标准 ,经济分析结果表明 ,该技术处理采油废水的运行成本为 1 4 7元 /t。这一技术在解决石油行业采油废水的外排达标方面具有很好的应用前景。     

臭氧氧化法深度处理纤维板生产废水的研究

采用臭氧氧化法深度处理纤维板生产废水,探讨了臭氧投加量以及反应时间对COD和色度去除的影响,得到了最佳的工艺参数,并分析了这种处理方法的经济性。结果表明,当臭氧投加量为180mg/L、反应时间为30min时,纤维板生产废水的COD、色度去除率分别为58.3%、98.3%。采用臭氧氧化法深度处理纤维素废水的投资成本为600～700元/t,运行成本为0.8～1.2元/t,较Fenton氧化处理方法而言,在处理效率和经济成本上具有较大优势。     

Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin

An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water.     

焦化废水中细菌质粒的研究

细菌质粒中常带有一些可编码降解特殊有毒物质酶的基因,为了研究质粒对有毒物质CN^-的降解的意义,主要调查了焦化废水中好氧异养菌的质粒分布特点。从山西省焦化企业公司生化站、太原煤气公司焦化厂生化站中筛选出53株细菌,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,采用GDS-8000型凝胶电泳分析仪进行拍照,同时测定各菌株降氰、降酚能力,CN^-采用异烟酸-毗唑啉酮法,酚采用4-氨基安替比林法测定。结果表明,质粒的存在与降氰力有一定的关系,但对降酚力的影响差异不显著。同时,通过对其中11^*号菌株进行了质粒转化和消除实验,证明质粒稳定,不可用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)消除掉,用E．cbli DHI作受体菌,用11^#菌株作供体菌。作转化实验,但由于种种原因,没有筛洗到转化子。     

Managing the relationship with the environment

This article describes the results of a survey carried out by the author's company on behalf of Rank Xerox. The objective was to assess attitudes towards environmental issues in both the public and private sector. Although there were some differences over priorities, both sectors agreed that development of environmental policies was essential to their future.     

水处理中含铁废料综合利用的研究进展

回顾了２０余年来我国在水处理中综合利用含铁废料的研究进展，分别评述了副产品硫酸亚铁制备絮凝剂ＰＦＳ的各种方法，废铁屑运用于内电解法水处理和其他含铁泥渣，废酸在水处理中的研究和应用现状，指出含铁废料综合利用中有待于进一步研究的若干问题。     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

Isolation of the stable fraction (the core) of the humic acid

Humic acid consists of a recalcitrant (unhydrolysed fraction) (the core) and labile (hydrolysable fraction) fraction. Core-humic acid (core-HA) isolation was performed by treating source material with apolar and polar solvents (organic solvents+acid hydrolysis) before alkaline extraction. Leonardite, soil Ah horizont and dry blood were chosen for this study because of their different origin and degree of humification. Chemical analysis (elemental analysis, total acidity, E(4):E(6)), spectroscopic analysis (DRIFT and (1)H NMR), and complete mass balance were used to investigate the effect of purifying humic acids. The results obtained showed that purification produced a slight modification of Leonardite humic acids as was expected for these highly humified organic matrices. On the other hand, about 500 g kg(-1) of soil humic acids were lost by purification. The fractions lost mainly consisted of carbohydrates. Dry blood showed the presence of humic acids that contrasted with its origin, thus indicating the limitations of the common analytical methods used for HA extraction. Nevertheless, in practice, purification caused the complete disappearance (914 g kg(-1) of HA was lost) of these HAs. The results obtained in this work suggest that the HA fraction isolated (named core-HA) effectively represents the HA structure proposed by the existing literature, since the purification proposed was able to eliminate the adsorbed organic molecules (interference materials) coating the HA structure.