基于Adaboost集成BP网络原煤生产成本预测研究

为了提高传统BP神经网络预测模型精度,避免BP网络容易陷入局部极值、收敛速度慢等问题,将BP神经网络与Ada-boost算法相结合,提出了一种Adaboost集成BP神经网络模型.结合磁县观台煤矿原煤生产成本相关数据,建立了原煤生产成本预测的Adaboost集成BP神经网络模型,将该模型用于实际的原煤成本预测.结果表明：该模型预测精度高于传统的BP神经网络,收敛速度快,具有较强的鲁棒性,预测精度能满足实际预测需要,为原煤生产成本预测提供了一种新的途径,也为原煤生产成本控制提供了重要依据.     

基于BP-Adaboost强预测器的瓦斯涌出量预测

为了提高传统BP神经网络瓦斯涌出量预测模型精度,避免BP网络容易陷入局部极值、收敛速度慢等问题,将BP神经网络和Adaboost算法相结合,提出了一种BP-Adaboost强预测器模型.将该模型用于实际瓦斯涌出量预测,并进行了40次仿真实验.结果表明:该模型预测精度高于传统的BP神经网络,且收敛速度快,具有较强的鲁棒性,预测精度能满足实际工程需要,为瓦斯涌出量预测提供了一种新的途径.     

基于不同的神经网络模型PM_(2.5)浓度预测对比

近年来,以PM_(2.5)为主要污染物的重霾污染事件频频发生,给国民经济及居民健康造成了严重威胁。本文采用BP、RBF及Elman神经网络分别建立预测模型,并以青海省某工业园区某监测站监测的数据为实例对预测模型进行了具体的应用。结果表明:BP神经网络、RBF神经网络及Elman神经网络都可以有效预测PM_(2.5)浓度,但是BP神经网络预测模型预测误差要小于RBF神经网络模型及Elman神经网络模型,具有更高的稳定性和准确定。     

基于BP神经网络的空调性能预测研究

针对空调系统传统设计所需的匹配试验量大,严重浪费公司水电以及人力资源的问题,本文提出BP神经网络对空调系统的性能进行预测的方法,以设计参数压缩机冷量、冷凝器和蒸发器面积和实验参数室内外环境温度、负荷量等为输入,以空调的能力和能效比为输出,对BP网络进行训练、测试。结果表明:BP神经网络算法的均方误差为0.005 8,预测结果的总相关系数为0.974 47,可用于空调系统的设计选型,减少实验成本。     

基于时间序列修正算法的我国入境旅游人数预测

为了对我国入境旅游游客量进行准确预测,提出一种将ARIMA模型与RBF神经网络相结合的算法。以我国2009年1月到2014年4月我国入境旅游游客量月度数据为研究对象,利用该模型对我国入境旅游游客量进行初步预测,计算残差,再利用RBF神经网络对残差进行拟合预测,并对ARIMA预测结果进行修正。结果表明:利用RBF神经网络对ARIMA模型进行修正,将线性拟合算法和非线性拟合算法结合起来用于我国入境旅游游客量预测是一种较可靠的算法。     

基于Matlab的神经网络在绵阳空气质量预测中的应用

以绵阳市2014~2016年空气污染指数(API)以及SO 2、NO 2、PM 10等污染物为研究对象,探讨了绵阳市空气污染的变化规律,并分析它们与常规观测的地面气象资料之间的关系。尝试采用多元线性回归方法及BP神经网络方法建立污染预报模型,并检验分析两种模型的可行性。结果表明基于BP神经网络的预报模型在污染预报中可行,并建立基于BP神经网络进行空气质量预测的预测模型,利用历史资料进行验证。     

多元回归和BP人工神经网络模型对混合厌氧消化产气量的预测研究

在中温且控制pH值条件下,对脂肪类单基质和城市污水厂剩余污泥进行混合厌氧消化试验。基于多元回归原理和BP人工神经网络原理,对其建立产气量预测模型。由实验数据计算得出:两个阶段多元回归模型的预测平均准确率分别为75.69%和79.29%;BP神经网络模型的预测平均准确率为79.05%。通过对比两种模型的预测结果可知,两种模型都有较高的预测准确率,但BP模型的预测准确率更高,更适用于混合厌氧消化产气量预测。     

基于支持向量机-小波神经网络的PM_(2.5)预测模型

近年来我国多地区雾霾天气频发,针对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的非线性、时变性等特点,建立了基于支持向量机-小波神经网络(SVM-WNN)的组合预测模型。采用网格搜索算法对SVM的参数进行优化,利用优化后的模型进行初始预测,并结合WNN强大的非线性拟合能力的特点对其预测残差进行修正。以石家庄市每小时监测的PM_(2.5)浓度数据为样本建立模型并进行预测,结果表明,组合模型预测的平均相对误差为7. 2%。对比单一模型,组合模型的预测的效果更好,这也为短时PM_(2.5)浓度预测提供一个新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络模型的城市自然生态型河流景观方案质量评价

城市自然生态型河流的景观设计方案质量评价受多种因素的影响,这些因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,有些甚至是随机的、模糊的,利用传统的方法难以表达它们之间的内在关系.研究建立三层次BP神经网络模型,以30份河流景观设计方案为样本,分别根据水质、水量、水空间、植被、经济、设施、交通等7项指标对景观方案的质量进行评价.结果表明,BP神经网络模型具有极强的非线性逼近能力,能真实反映景观质量与影响因素之间的非线性关系,预测结果与实测值之间误差小,相对误差小于5%.该方法操作性强,结果可靠.     

基于BP神经网络模型在珊溪水库水华预测中的应用

在珊溪水库藻类暴发期间应急监测数据的基础上,建立pH值、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a数据矩阵。运用MATLAB R2015b GUI可视化界面模块,将应急监测数据样本空间分为训练样本、验证样本、测试样本,建立珊溪水库BP神经网络模型,预测了珊溪水库藻类暴发期间叶绿素a浓度。BP神经网络建模结果显示:输出数据与实测数据相关系数0.978,平均相对误差-0.19%,标准方差18.54%,模型稳定性较好,叶绿素a预测结果符合预期。BP神经网络预测模型为珊溪水库饮用水水源地环境保护提供了科学依据。     

BAF处理系统的BP神经网络模型

本文以某污水处理厂曝气生物滤池（Biologlcal aerated filter,BAF）的实际运行数据为基础,采用人工神经网络（Artificial neural network,ANN）方法,建立起BAF处理系统的BP神经网络预测模型。模型运算结果表明,预测值和实测值能较好地吻合,起到了模拟预测的效果,同时能优化运行状态。该模型的建立为BAF处理系统的预测及运行管理供了一条简便实用的途径,具有良好的研究和工程实用价值。     

Predicting Debris Yield From Burned Watersheds: Comparison of Statistical and Artificial Neural Network Models1

Abstract: Alluvial fans in southern California are continuously being developed for residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural purposes. Development and alteration of alluvial fans often require consideration of mud and debris flows from burned mountain watersheds. Accurate prediction of sediment (hyper‐concentrated sediment or debris) yield is essential for the design, operation, and maintenance of debris basins to safeguard properly the general population. This paper presents results based on a statistical model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The models predict sediment yield caused by storms following wildfire events in burned mountainous watersheds. Both sediment yield prediction models have been developed for use in relatively small watersheds (50‐800 ha) in the greater Los Angeles area. The statistical model was developed using multiple regression analysis on sediment yield data collected from 1938 to 1983. Following the multiple regression analysis, a method for multi‐sequence sediment yield prediction under burned watershed conditions was developed. The statistical model was then calibrated based on 17 years of sediment yield, fire, and precipitation data collected between 1984 and 2000. The present study also evaluated ANN models created to predict the sediment yields. The training of the ANN models utilized single storm event data generated for the 17‐year period between 1984 and 2000 as the training input data. Training patterns and neural network architectures were varied to further study the ANN performance. Results from these models were compared with the available field data obtained from several debris basins within Los Angeles County. Both predictive models were then applied for hind‐casting the sediment prediction of several post 2000 events. Both the statistical and ANN models yield remarkably consistent results when compared with the measured field data. The results show that these models are very useful tools for predicting sediment yield sequences. The results can be used for scheduling cleanout operation of debris basins. It can be of great help in the planning of emergency response for burned areas to minimize the damage to properties and lives.     

基于人工神经网络模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物增量研究

危险废物对环境或者人体健康会造成有害影响,有效地预测其产量是优化管理和合理处置的重要依据。以2008~2016年成都市危险废物产生量为基础,通过数据带入和整合及综合各参数因子的影响,利用人工神经网络模型预测方法客观反映并预测成都市危废产量的变化趋势。结果表明该模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物年产量分别达到24.46万t和26.88万t,模拟精度偏差低。因此,人工神经网络模型可以作为一种预测危险废物产生量的工具,其预测结果可以为职能部门提供决策参考。     

Predicting Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in the Air of Pardis City,Iran, Using an Artificial Neural Network

To date, several methods have been proposed to explain the complex process of air pollution prediction. One of these methods uses neural networks. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a branch of artificial intelligence, and because of their nonlinear mathematical structures and ability to provide acceptable forecasts, they have gained popularity among researchers. The goal of our study as documented in this article was to compare the abilities of two different ANNs, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, to predict carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the air of Pardis City, Iran. For the study, we used data collected hourly on temperature, wind speed, and humidity as inputs to train the networks. The MLP neural network had two hidden layers that contained 13 neurons in the first layer and 25 neurons in the second layer and reached a mean bias error (MBE) of 0.06. The coefficient of determination (R²), index of agreement (IA), and the Nash–Scutcliffe efficiency (E) between the observed and predicted data using the MLP neural network were 0.96, 0.9057, and 0.957, respectively. The RBF neural network with a hidden layer containing 130 neurons reached an MBE of 0.04. The R², IA, and E between the observed and predicted data using the RBF neural network were 0.981, 0.954, and 0.979, respectively. The results provided by the RBF neural network had greater acceptable accuracy than was the case with the MLP neural network. Finally, the results of a sensitivity analysis using the MLP neural network indicated that temperature is the primary factor in the prediction of CO concentrations and that wind speed and humidity are factors of second and third importance when forecasting CO levels.     

A heuristic expert system for forest fire guidance in Greece

Forests and forestlands are common inheritance for all Greeks and a piece of the national wealth that must be handed over to the next generations in the best possible condition. After 1974, Greece faces a severe forest fire problem and forest fire forecasting is the process that will enable the Greek ministry of Agriculture to reduce the destruction. This paper describes the basic design principles of an Expert System that performs forest fire forecasting (for the following fire season) and classification of the prefectures of Greece into forest fire risk zones. The Expert system handles uncertainty and uses heuristics in order to produce scenarios based on the presence or absence of various qualitative factors. The initial research focused on the construction of a mathematical model which attempted to describe the annual number of forest fires and burnt area in Greece based on historical data. However this has proven to be impossible using regression analysis and time series. A closer analysis of the fire data revealed that two qualitative factors dramatically affect the number of forest fires and the hectares of burnt areas annually. The first is political stability and national elections and the other is drought cycles. Heuristics were constructed that use political stability and drought cycles, to provide forest fire guidance. Fuzzy logic was applied to produce a fuzzy expected interval for each prefecture of Greece. A fuzzy expected interval is a narrow interval of values that best describes the situation in the country or a part of the country for a certain time period. A successful classification of the prefectures of Greece in forest fire risk zones was done by the system, by comparing the fuzzy expected intervals to each other. The system was tested for the years 1994 and 1995. The testing has clearly shown that the system can predict accurately, the number of forest fires for each prefecture for the following year. The average accuracy was as high as 85.25% for 1995 and 80.89% for 1994. This makes the Expert System a very important tool for forest fire prevention planning.     

Human-caused wildfire risk rating for prevention planning in Spain

This paper identifies human factors associated with high forest fire risk in Spain and analyses the spatial distribution of fire occurrence in the country. The spatial units were 6,066 municipalities of the Spanish peninsular territory and Balearic Islands. The study covered a 13-year series of fire occurrence data. One hundred and eight variables were generated and input to a dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS) to model different factors related to fire ignition. After exploratory analysis, 29 were selected to build a predictive model of human fire ignition using logistic regression analysis. The binary model estimated the probability of high or low occurrence of forest fires, as defined by an ignition danger index that is currently used by the Spanish forest service (number of fires divided by forest area in each municipality). Thirteen explanatory variables were identified by the model. They were related to agricultural landscape fragmentation, agricultural abandonment and development processes. The prediction agreement found between the model binary outputs and the historical fire data was 85.3% for the model building dataset (60% of municipalities). A slightly lower predictive power (76.2%) was found for the validation data (the remaining 40%). The probabilistic output of the logistic was significantly related to the raw ignition index (Spearman correlation of 0.710) used by the Spanish Forest Service. Therefore, the model can be considered a good predictor of human-caused fire risk, aiding spatial decisions related to prevention planning in Spanish municipalities.     

Optimization of thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector systems based on GA-BP neural network model

The aim of this paper is to optimize the thermal performance (system output energy, thermal efficiency, and heat loss of cavity absorber) of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) systems in order to improve its thermal performance, based on the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network model. There are a number of undefined problems, fuzzy or incomplete information and a complex thermal performance of the PTC systems. Therefore, the thermal performance prediction of the PTC systems based on GA-BP neural network model was developed. Subsequently, the metrics performances have been adopted to comprehensively understand the algorithm and evaluate the prediction accuracy. Results revealed that the GA-BP neural network model can be successfully used to predict the complex nonlinear relationship between the input variables and thermal performance of the PTC systems. The cosine effect has a great influence on the thermal performance; thereby the geometrical structure of the PTC systems was optimized. It was found that the optimized geometrical structure was beneficial to improve the thermal performance of the PTC system. In conclusion, the GA-BP neural network model has higher prediction accuracy than the other algorithm and it can be feasible and reliable.     

BP神经网络预警在旅游安全预警信息系统中的应用

将BP神经网络预警技术应用于旅游安全预警信息系统的开发实践，研究建立了一个基于BP神经网络的旅游安全预警模型。该模型有4个子系统构成，即预警知识提取子系统、预警信息库、报警系统和人机互动设备，分析总结了包含旅游地灾害频度、出游设施安全度和旅游地区域安全度三大类10个子因子为内容的旅游安全预警影响因素。在旅游安全预警的影响因素和安全预警的报警判别模式的基础上，进行了旅游安全预警应用的实验设计。实验结果显示，该模型应用效果良好。